This research concerns events happening in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries in Southeast Asia, when the Mongols actively and violently interfered in southern China and Southeast Asia. The main focus will be on bilateral relations between Dai Viet and Champa, the subjects of four consecutive attempted Mongol conquests, from 1258 to 1288 C. E. Under the rule of the Mongol Great Khan M6ngke and the Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan, the Mongols invaded Dai Viet in 1258,1285 and 1287-1288 C. E., with Champa being the main target in between, in 1283-1285 C. E. This chain of Mongol invasions exposed a previously unknown point of entry into Dai Viet territory, to the south of the Vietnamese border with Champa, whereas, traditionally, the threat to Dai Viet from China has been confined to its northern border. Dai Viet's subsequent efforts, both diplomatic and military, to secure their southern frontier broke up Viet- Cham relations, and put Champa under Dai Viet's control for nineteen years, from 1307 to 1326 C. E. The loss of this piece of Cham land, the former O and Lý territories, to Dai Viet has been recorded in the Vietnamese official annals as a gift from Champa to Dai Viet, following a marriage between a Cham king and a Vietnamese princess in 1306 C. E. Alternatively, it has been attributed to Vietnam's 'Nam Tien' policy, a term describing a Vietnamese slow and continuing movement southward to occupy more land. Without relevant Cham evidences to the contrary, attention has been diverted to either the 'Nam Tien', or the 'wedding gift' theory, to interpret this loss of Cham land and the ensuing territorial conflict between Dai Viet and Champa. In doing so, other possible causes for the breakdown in Viet-Cham relations have been ignored. This thesis will seek to establish that the territorial dispute and the resulting conflict that led to the eventual demise of Champa, were direct results of the Mongols' attempted occupation of both D4ii Vi4t and Champa in the late thirteenth century.

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by Kenneth M. Keverian, Nils R. Sandell, Jr. / Office of Naval Research Contract ONR/N00014-77-C-0532 (85552). / Originally presented as the first author's thesis, (B.S.) in the M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1979. / Bibliography: p. 114-115.

iv Performance prediction of HAWTs is important because it gives an idea about the power production of a HAWT in out of design conditions without making any experiments. Since the experiments of fluid mechanics are difficult to afford, developing some models is very beneficial. There are some models developed about this subject using miscellaneous methods. In this study, one can find &ldquo / Vortex Theory&rdquo / among one of these theories. Some basic 3D aerodynamics was discussed in order to make the reader to understand the main subject of this study. Just after that, performance prediction of constant speed, stall controlled HAWTs was discussed. In order to understand the closeness of this theory to experiments, as a sample, NREL &ldquo / Combined Experiment Rotor&rdquo / was considered. Performances obtained by AEROPOWER, written in Visual Basic 6.0 and Excel combination, and experimental results were compared for different wind velocities. Acceptable results were obtained for wind speeds not much different than the design wind speed. For relatively lower wind speeds, due to &ldquo / turbulence&rdquo / , and for relatively higher wind speeds, due to &ldquo / stall&rdquo / , the program did not give good results. In the first case it has not given any numerical result. Power curves were obtained by only changing the settling angle, and only changing the rotor angular speed using AEROPOWER. It was seen that, both settling angle and rotor rpm values influence the turbine power output significantly.

Η πτυχιακή εργασία αυτή περιέχει διαδικασίες που έλαβαν μέρος στην μελέτη για την ανέγερση ενός σχολικού συγκροτήματος στην περιοχή Ρουσσοσπιτίου Ρεθύμνου Κρήτης. Οι διαδικασίες αυτές περιλαμβάνουν τις ερευνητικές γεωτρήσεις που έλαβαν μέρος, τις επιτόπου δοκιμές (S.P.T), τις δοκιμές υδροπερατότητας και τις εργαστηριακές δοκιμές. Σο σύνολο των αποτελεσμάτων όλων αυτών των μετρήσεων μάς δίνει μία συνολική εικόνα της εγγύς περιοχής από γεωτεχνική άποψη. Οι παρακάτω εργασία είναι αποτέλεσμα προσωπικής εμπειρίας σε συνεργασία με το τμήμα Τεχνικής Γεωλογίας του Ινστιτούτου Γεωλογικών και Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών (Ι.Γ.Μ.Ε). Τα εργαστηριακά αποτελέσματα πάρθηκαν με συνεργασία του εργαστηρίου του τμήματος Τεχνικής Γεωλογίας (Ι.Γ.Μ.Ε). Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι η παρατήρηση των τεχνικογεωλογικών συνθηκών για την ανέγερση ενός κτιρίου μεγάλου εύρους. / -

Cette thèse analyse le processus de diffusion des sports modernes dans les cinq territoires qui ont formé l’Indochine entre 1858 et 1945. Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre pourquoi et comment les mouvements de jeunesse et les sports occidentaux se sont développés, dans une société très majoritairement rurale avec un niveau de vie très faible. L’enjeu historique est de comprendre comment ces divers mouvements ont contribué à former une fraction de la jeunesse indochinoise – par hypothèse majoritairement urbaine et lettrée en français – et d’envisager le rôle de ces mouvements et activités dans la formation d’un nationalisme vietnamien moderne. Il s’agit également, sur un second plan, d’analyser les processus de transferts et d’appropriations culturelles qui sont au cœur de ces nouvelles pratiques et de comprendre comment celles-ci transforment les cultures locales. Dans cette perspective, on s’interrogera sur ces transformations : celles-ci sont-elles gouvernées par le mimétisme ou la concurrence mimétique, l’hybridation ou s’agit-il d’un simple transfert ? Ces questions engagent ensuite à comprendre comment ces deux plans – plan politique de la construction du nationalisme vietnamien, plan culturel des transformations impliquées par les nouvelles pratiques – s’articulent et s’alimentent. Par ailleurs, la genèse des politiques sportives coloniales est abordée. Enfin la comparaison avec d’autres espaces colonisés, français, britanniques ou hollandais, permet d’illustrer la singularité de la configuration indochinoise. / This doctoral thesis analyzes the process that led to the spreading of modern sports over the five States which formed Indochina from 1858 until 1945. This study aims to explain why and how the youth movements and western sporting activities spread in a predominantly rural society whose standards of living were low. The historical stake is to understand how these different movements contributed to shaping up a part of Indochinese youth assumed as mainly urban and literate in French, and to consider the part played by these movements and their activities into the development of modern nationalism in Vietnam. The second aim is to analyze the transfer process and cultural appropriation which are at the heart of these new practices and to understand how they change the local cultures. In that respect, we will examine these transformations: were they brought about through imitation, mimetic competition, hybridization or just through a plain transfer? Those questions then lead us to understand how the two levels, firstly a political one with the building up of Vietnamese nationalism, secondly a cultural one with the changes involved by those activities, link up and feed off one another. Moreover the genesis of sporting colonial policies is dealt with. And the comparison with other colonial territories, French, British or Dutch, helps to illustrate the particularity of the Indochinese configuration.

In recent years, especially in the crowded city-centers where land prizes have become extremely high, tall buildings with more than 30 floors have started to be designed and constructed in Turkey. On the other hand, the technical improvements have provided the opportunity of design and construction of more slender structures which are influenced by the wind actions more. If the building is flexible, wind can interact with it so the wind induced oscillations can be significantly magnified. In order to analyze the response of such buildings under wind effects, wind tunnel tests are accepted to be the most powerful tool all over the world. In this study, a series of tests were performed in Ankara Wind Tunnel on a model building in the shape of a rectangular prism. For the similitude of flow conditions, passive devices were designed. The response of the model building was measured through a high frequency base balance which was designed specifically for this case study. Through the tests, the effects of turbulence intensity, vortex shedding and wind angle of attack on the response of the building were questioned. Finally, the results were compared with the results of various technical specifications about wind.

This thesis examines Byzantine diplomacy and foreign policy in the round in the personal reign of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (945-959). This particular period has been singled out for investigation because Constantine had a keen personal interest in foreign affairs and two treatises from his reign, the De administrando imperio and the De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae, shed light upon the Byzantine view of the outside world and the workings of imperial bureaux charged with diplomatic affairs and the administration of military campaigns. After introducing the subject and the key sources, the thesis makes a clockwise circuit of all of the theatres in which Byzantine foreign policy was active. The first chapter looks at worldviews as documented in sources from Byzantium, Ottonian Saxony, and the Islamic Near East in order to determine how these key players saw their place in the world and systematised their relationships with each other. The second chapter discusses relations with the Islamic Near East and Transcaucasia and provides a survey of sources, historical reconstruction, and analysis of goals and processes. Chapter three examines relations with the Islamic caliphates of the central and western Mediterranean, and assigns them greater importance than generally acknowledged. Chapter four chronicles the nascent relations with Ottonian Saxony and Byzantium's re-engagement with the Transalpine Franks. Chapter five deals with the peoples of the Eurasian steppe and homes in on Byzantium's attempts to diffuse threats from this volatile world. Chapter six focuses on Italy as the region in which three strands of Byzantine foreign policy met and evaluates the empire's response to wholesale changes in power relations in the peninsula in the early years of Constantine's personal reign. The conclusion to the thesis interrogates whether Constantine's foreign policy kept the empire safe, enhanced its prestige, managed the military elites, and had an enduring legacy.

Après la Seconde guerre mondiale, plus de 6,5 millions de sujets japonais, dont la moitié était des civils résidant dans les territoires japonais d’outre-mer, ont été rapatriés au Japon. Le Japon n’avait pas prévu l’éventualité d’un rapatriement en cas de défaite, et les Alliés, s’ils avaient planifié le retour des soldats japonais, n’avaient pas préparé le retour des civils. Pourtant, le rapatriement des civils japonais fut, dans sa majeure partie, rapide et efficace. Entre octobre 1945 et décembre 1946, 5,1 millions de Japonais purent rejoindre le Japon. Pour d’autres, le processus put durer jusque la fin des années 1950. Une fois au Japon, les rapatriés, confrontés à un Japon en ruines, se virent imposer une nouvelle identité, celle de hikiagesha, personne rapatriée. La mémoire et l’identité des rapatriés, confrontés à l’hostilité et la méfiance de la population de métropole, connurent plusieurs mutations pour finalement se réintégrer au sein du mémoriel discours dominant sur la guerre. Après une analyse des processus de rapatriement, cette thèse se penchera donc sur la formation de l’identité des rapatriés en tant que groupe, leur mémoire, et comment ce groupe au départ marginalisé est parvenu à intégrer son récit mémoriel au sein du discourra officiel. / After the Second World War, Japan saw the return of more than 6.5 million Japanese nationals, of which about half were civilian overseas residents of Japan’s colonial empire. Japan had no plan for the evacuation of foreign territories in the event of defeat, and but although provisions had been made by the Allies for the repatriation of the military personnel, the return of civilians was initially outside their scope, and left to the Japanese. The Allies would later assign military transports to help with the task of ferrying millions of men, women and children back to the mainland. However, despite this lack of previous planning, the repatriation of Japanese nationals was fast and efficient: between October 1945 and December 1946; over 5.1 million Japanese were brought back to the mainland. Some, however, had to wait until the second half of the 1950s. Once in Japan, the returnees found that a new identity had been imposed on them, one that stemmed from their shared experience as returnees: that of hikiagesha, or repatriates. Joined by their war experiences, they found themselves part of a heterogeneous group with an identity that still awaited definition. The meaning of the memory of their experience was shaped by the very way in which they defined and re-defined themselves and their experience, as they encountered marginalisation, hostility and distrust as they reintegrated to mainland Japanese society. After analysing the process of repatriation, this thesis will attempt to map out the process by which this initially marginalised group became acceptable, by integrating its narrative within an official discourse.

O que é e como é a σωφροσύνη (ό τι ἐστι καὶ ὁποȋόν τι ἡ σωφροσύνη)? Esta é a questão que Sócrates propõe a seus interlocutores, Carmides e Critias, examinarem juntos no diálogo de juventude de Platão, o Carmides, diálogo tentativo ou de exame (πϵιραστικός). Σωφροσύνη é fazer todas as coisas ordenada e calmamente (τò κοσμίως πάυτα πράττϵιν καὶ ἡσυxῇ)? É um sentimento como pudor ou reserva (άἰδως)? É cuidar de suas próprias coisas (τὸ τὰ αὑτοῡ πράττϵιν)? Σωφροσύνη seria fazer coisas boas (τῶν ἀγαθῶν πρᾱξιν)? Ou, ainda, conhecer-se a si mesmo (τὸ γιγνώσκϵιν ἑαυτόν)? Seria ciência das outras ciências e ciência de si mesma (ἐπιστημῶυ ἐπιστήμη ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτὴ ἑαυτῆς)? Ou seria, finalmente, o conhecimento do bem e do mal (τὸ ἀγαθόν καὶ τὸ κακόν)? Como em outros propriamente chamados diálogos socráticos de Platão (no Laques é a coragem, no Eutífron é a piedade) nos quais se examina se uma virtude particular é conhecimento, no Carmides trata-se de examinar se a σωφροσύνη é conhecimento. Se é, é conhecimento de quê? E qual é, para nós, o benefício desta virtude, concebida como conhecimento? Estas são algumas das questões examinadas por Sócrates neste diálogo. Este trabalho pretende acompanhar passo a passo esta que é a primeira investigação (ἐξέτασις) socrática acerca da σωφροσύνη nos diálogos de Platão. Ou, dito de outro modo, este trabalho pretende acompanhar o passo a passo do filosofar socrático no diálogo Carmides. / What is it and how is σωφροσύνη (ό τι ἐστι καὶ ὁποȋόν τι ἡ σωφροσύνη)? This is the question that Socrates proposes to his interlocutors, Critias and Charmides, examine together in the dialogue of youth of Plato, the Charmides, tentative dialogue or examination (πϵιραστικός). Σωφροσύνη is make all things orderly and quietly (τò κοσμίως πάυτα πράττϵιν καὶ ἡσυxῇ)? Its a feeling like modesty or reserve (άἰδως)? You take care of your own things (τὸ τὰ αὑτοῡ πράττϵιν)? Σωφροσύνη would do good things (τῶν ἀγαθῶν πρᾱξιν)? Or even know himself (τὸ γιγνώσκϵιν ἑαυτόν)? Would be science of other sciences and science of herself (ἐπιστημῶυ ἐπιστήμη ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτὴ ἑαυτῆς)? Or would it be finally the knowledge of good and evil (τὸ ἀγαθόν καὶ τὸ κακόν)? Like in others properly called Socratic dialogues of Plato (in the Laches is the courage, in the Euthyphro is the piety) in which examines whether a particular virtue is knowledge, in the Charmides it is examining whether σωφροσύνη is knowledge. If it is, is knowledge of what? And what is, for us, the benefit of this virtue, conceived as knowledge? These are some of the issues examined by Socrates in this dialogue. This work intends to follow step by step this is that the first Socratic investigation (ἐξέτασις) about σωφροσύνη in the dialogues of Plato. Or, put another way, this work intends to follow step by step the Socratic philosophy in dialogue Charmides.