Midshaft clavicle fractures are very common. Current treatment of choice involves internal fixation with superior or anterior clavicle plating, however their clinical success and patient satisfaction are slowly decreasing. The design of intramedullary (IM) devices is on the rise, but data describing the IM canal parameters is lacking. The aim of this study is to quantify morphometry of the clavicle and its IM canal, and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. This study used 3-dimensional (3D) image-based models with novel and automated methods of standardization, normalization and bone cross-section evaluation. The data obtained in this thesis presents IM canal and clavicle radius and center deviation parameterized as a function of clavicle length, in addition, its radius of curvature and true length. Results showed that right-sided clavicles tended to be shorter and thicker than left-sided, but only males showed a statistically significant difference in size compared to females (p<.0001). The smallest IM canal and clavicle radii were seen at different clavicle lengths (54% and 49%), suggesting that the narrowest region of IM canal cannot be appreciated based on external visualization of the clavicle alone. The narrowing of the IM canal is of special interest because this a potential limiting region for IM device design. Furthermore, the location and value of maximum lateral curvature displacement is different in the IM canal, implying there exists an eccentricity of the IM canal center with respect to the clavicle center.

This study aims to quantify ground ice content and describe the cryostructures and sediment in 15 ice-bearing permafrost cores collected from nine sand-wedge polygons in University Valley. The objectives were reached through laboratory measurements and computed tomodensitometric (CT) scanned image analysis of the permafrost cores. The soils in the valley were predominantly medium-sand. Four types of cryostructures were present in the cores: structureless, suspended, crustal and porphyritic. Excess ice content ranged from 0 to 93%, gravimetric water content ranged from 13 to 1881% and volumetric ice content varied from 28 to 93%. Median excess ice, volumetric ice and gravimetric water contents significantly increased in the top 20 cm of the cores taken from the polygon shoulders with increasing distance from University Glacier. Ground ice was preferentially stored in the centre of the investigated polygons where the ground surface remains cryotic throughout the year. Conversely, higher ground ice contents were measured in the shoulders of the investigated polygon where the ground surface is seasonally non-cryotic. CT-scanned images were shown to reasonably assess the distribution and presence of excess ice in permafrost cores taken from a cold and hyper-arid environment. The results of this thesis provide the first cryostratigraphic study in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.

Orientadores: Gustavo Antonio de Souza, Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T16:26:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dragosavac_Sanja_M.pdf: 1871037 bytes, checksum: 792409d11e54caa65d34f4ecbee851f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O exame PET/CT com FDG-18F é um método de diagnóstico por imagem, útil em oncologia. O câncer de ovário é o câncer ginecológico de maior letalidade, sendo a terceira neoplasia mais freqüente do trato genital feminino no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o PET/CT com FDG-18F em pacientes com suspeita de recidiva de carcinoma de ovário e descrever a distribuição das lesões encontradas. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foram incluídas neste estudo retrospectivo 45 mulheres com suspeita de recidiva de câncer de ovário. As pacientes foram encaminhadas para clínica PET/CT Campinas de novembro 2006 até novembro de 2010, por aumento do CA-125, sintomas clínicos e/ou alterações na ultrassonografia (US), tomografia (TC) ou ressonância (RM). Para a confirmação da recidiva, 15 pacientes foram submetidas à cirurgia e 30 foram acompanhadas por um período mínimo de seis meses. Resultados: Quarenta e duas pacientes foram diagnosticadas com recidiva e três não apresentaram evidência de doença durante o período de acompanhamento. O CA-125 estava aumentado em 34 pacientes, 14 apresentavam sintomas clínicos e 23 tinham alterações em US, TC ou RM. Trinta e oito pacientes apresentaram o exame PET/CT positivo, todas com recidiva confirmada. Três pacientes apresentaram achados inconclusivos na PET/CT, todas com doença. Quatro exames de PET/CT eram negativos, sendo que uma paciente teve recidiva confirmada e as demais permaneceram sem evidências de doença durante o acompanhamento. Onze pacientes com CA-125 elevado apresentavam resultados de US, TC ou RM normais. Todas tiveram doença confirmada, sendo que a PET/CT detectou recidiva em nove e foi inconclusiva em duas. Entre as onze pacientes com CA- 125 normal, foram detectadas metástases na PET/CT em oito. As metástases mais freqüentes foram diagnosticadas em linfonodos, sendo localizados na região pélvica e abdominal em 30 pacientes, na região torácica em 16 e em sete pacientes, na região cervical. Implantes pélvicos e abdominais foram detectados em 27 pacientes. Outros locais de metástases foram fígado (n=7), baço (n=2), pleura (n=2), pulmão (n=2) e osso (n=2). O exame PET/CT detectou lesões não suspeitas em 20 das 45 pacientes (44,4%). A PET/CT detectou um novo tumor primário de tireoide numa paciente sem recidiva de carcinoma de ovário. Conclusão: O exame PET/CT foi útil para avaliação da extensão da recidiva de carcinoma de ovário. A recidiva acometeu mais freqüentemente os linfonodos, sendo a maioria localizada na região pélvica e abdominal. Metástases em linfonodos torácicos foram um achado freqüente nesta população estudada / Abstract: 18F-FDG PET/CT is a diagnostic method useful in oncology. Ovarian cancer is the third most frequent cancer of the female genital tract in Brazil, however, it has the highest mortality of all gynecological cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suspected ovarian cancer recurrence and describe the distribution of metastasis. Methods: Fortyfive female patients with suspicion of ovarian cancer recurrence were included in this retrospective study. They were referred to PET/CT Campinas clinic from November 2006 to November 2010, because of elevated CA-125, clinical suspicion of ovarian cancer recurrence, or alterations detected on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PET/CT results were compared with histologic findings (n=15) or clinical followup for at least six months (n=30). Results: Forty-two patients were confirmed with ovarian cancer recurrence. Three patients remained free of disease during clinical follow-up. CA-125 was elevated in a total of 34 patients, 14 patients had clinical symptoms of disease and 23 presented with alterations on US, CT and MRI. Thirty eight patients had positive PET/CT scan, all with confirmed disease. Three patients had equivocal PET/CT findings and in all three, recurrence was confirmed. Four patients had negative PET/CT scan: one with confirmed recurrence and three free from disease during follow-up. Nine out of 11 patients with elevated CA-125 and normal conventional imaging had positive PET/CT scan and two had equivocal findings. There were eleven patients with normal CA-125 levels, eight presented with positive PET/CT scan. Lymph nodes were the most frequent site of relapse of disease, most being in the pelvic/abdominal region (n=30) and others in thoracic (n=16) or cervical region (n=7). Peritoneal implants were found in 27 patients. Distant sites of metastasis included liver (n=6), spleen (n=2), pleura (n=2), lung (n=2) and bone (n=2). PET/CT detected unsuspected lesions in 20/45 patients (44.4%). One patient with PET/CT negative for ovarian cancer recurrence was diagnosed with primary papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT was a useful tool for evaluation of the extension of ovarian cancer recurrence. In the current series, lymph nodes were the most frequent site of relapse of disease, with supradiaphragmatic lymph node metastasis in large number of cases / Mestrado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

For autonomous mine vehicles that perform the ”load-haul-dump” (LHD) cycle to operate properly, calibration of the sensors they rely on is crucial. The LHD cycle refers to a vehicle that loads material, hauls the material along a route and dumps it in an extraction point. Many of these vehicles are waist-actuated, meaning that the front and rear part of the machines are fixated at an articulation point.   The focus of this thesis is about developing and implementing two differ- ent frameworks to distinguish patterns from routes where calibration of the hinge-angle sensor was needed before and try to predict when calibrating the sensor is needed. We present comparative results of one method using ma- chine learning, specifically supervised learning with support vector machine and one optimization-based method using scan matching by implementing a two-dimensional NDT (Normal Distributions Transform) algorithm.   Comparative results based on evaluation metrics used in this thesis show that detecting incorrect behaviour of the hinge-angle sensor is possible. Evaluation show that the machine learning classifier performs better on the data used for this thesis than the optimization-based classifier.

Given a logic circuit that fails a test, diagnosis is the process of narrowing down the possible locations of the defects. Diagnosis to locate defects in VLSI circuits has become very important during the yield ramp up process, especially for 90 nm and below technologies where physical failure analysis machines become less successful due to reduced defect visibility by the smaller feature size and larger leakage currents. Successful defect isolation relies heavily on the guidance from fault diagnosis and will depend even more for the future technologies. To assist a designer or a failure analysis engineer, the diagnosis tool tries to identify the possible locations of the failure effectively and quickly. While many defects reside in the logic part of a chip, defects in scan chains have become more and more common recently as typically 30%-50% logic gates impact the operation of scan chains in a scan design. Logic diagnosis and scan chain diagnosis are the two main fields of diagnosis research. The quality of diagnosis directly impacts the time-to-market and the total product cost. Volume diagnosis with statistical learning is important to discover systematic defects. An accurate diagnosis tool is required to diagnose large numbers of failing devices to aid statistical yield learning. In this work, we propose techniques to improve diagnosis accuracy and resolution, techniques to improve run-time performance. We consider the problem of determining the location of defects in scan chains and logic. We investigate a method to improve the diagnosability of production compressed test patterns for multiple scan chain failures. Then a method to generate special diagnostic patterns for scan chain failures was proposed. The method tries to generate a complete test pattern set to pinpoint the exact faulty scan cell when flush tests tell which scan chain is faulty. Next we studied the problem of diagnosis of multiple faults in the logic of circuits. First we propose a method to diagnose multiple practical physical defects using simple logic fault models. At last we propose a method based on fault-tuple equivalence trees to further improve diagnosis quality.

Climate issues are engaging both the Swedes and the Swedish media, and more people are making an effort to live more climate friendly. The meat, aviation and clothing industry has, during the last few years, gained increased criticism due to the negative environmental impact. According to the World Wildlife Fund's climate barometer the demand for these products is decreasing. The following study will examine how three companies, from industries criticized for their negative environmental impact, rhetorically use environmental communication in their marketing communication. This through three selected commercials from Tui, Scan and H&amp;M. The aim of the study is to help acquire knowledge for the importance of environmental communication in corporate market communication.   This study has been made through critical rhetoric analysis, inspired by Mral, Gelang and  Bröms analysis model. The result shows that the study objects in different ways avoids the main target of critique and instead presents other parts from their organization which to the contrary, does good. We argue that avoiding the main subject, and instead answering different non-related subjects can lead to a problematic and deceptive discourse. The study objects are influential within their industry and the problematic discourse that is held can bear evidence of marketing communication as a whole, where environmental argumentation is more common than ever.

“MeatSpace” is a group of related bodies of work including podcasts, prints and videos produced by working with simulation technologies such as “weak A.I.”, virtual reality, and 3d scans. Collectively the works explore how people relate to these technologies and how they relate to us. They share thematic or process-oriented sensibilities involving a series of rule-based steps that alternate between the procedural and the intentional. “Uncanny” is defined as strangely familiar. Something which falls in the Uncanny Valley feels wrong, but the reasons may be difficult to articulate. “MeatSpace” is an ongoing experiment to see where our own digital reflections fall in an uncanny spectrum of unsettling familiarity. I am continuously assessing the meaning of words like “consciousness" and “choice”, wondering if they are simply interpretations of randomness and determinism. So I search for genuine glimmers of agency in technologies from the present and the past to better understand my own. The groupings within “MeatSpace” are titled “The Intrinsia Chatbox” (podcast), “Outside the Chatbox” (podcast), “Sweet Space/Spatial Awareness”(prints, video, augmented reality), “Formulaics”(music videos), and “Texture Maps/Morph Maps” (prints, video). “MeatSpace” uses manipulation of photogrammetry, volumetric video capture, procedural music generation, animations made in virtual reality, and a video podcast which showcases conversations with chatbots. I see these as acts of collaboration and play with the digital world and it’s developing tools and inhabitants. These processes employ both randomness and control, operating between meatspace and the digital world, between comfort and the uncanny valley.

Birds uniquely produce sound through a vocal organ known as a syrinx. The presence of wall shear stress acting on the airway cells of any organism will affect how airway cells develop and multiply. Unique features of avian airway geometry and breathing pattern might have contributed to the development of the syrinx. This thesis examines wall shear stress in the trachea and first bronchi of avian geometries using computational fluid dynamics. The computational fluid dynamic simulations underwent grid- and time-independence studies and were validated using particle image velocimetry. Parameters such as bird size, bronchial branching angle, and breathing waveform were examined to determine conditions that contributed to higher wall shear stress. Both simplified and CT scan-derived respiratory geometries were examined. Maximum wall shear stress for the simplified geometries was found to be highest during the inspiratory phase of breathing and was highest near the pessulus. Maximum wall shear stress in the CT scan-derived geometries was less phase-dependent and was highest near constrictions in the airway. Comparison between scanned and simplified geometry simulations revealed significant differences in wall shear stress magnitudes and flow features. If wall shear stress is found to be important in the development of the syrinx or the advantage of a syrinx, the thesis results are anticipated to aid in characterizing conditions that would have contributed to the development of the syrinx or advantages of syringeal vocal fold position over tracheal vocal fold position.

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Výpočetní tomografie je nástroj pro nedestruktivní inspekci vzorků, který je běžně používán v mnoha oblastech průmyslu a výzkumu. Některé tomografické přístroje umožňují snímání obrazů s prostorovým rozlišením pod jeden mikrometr. Zorné pole takovýchto přístrojů bývá malé, v rozsahu jednotek milimetrů či méně. Tím jsou omezeny rozměry vzorků, což je značně limitující. Toto omezení lze překonat pomocí různých technik pro rozšíření zorného pole. Jedna takováto dříve publikovaná metoda byla v této práci upravena a implementována pro přístroj Rigaku Nano3DX. Tato technika téměř zdvojnásobuje zorné pole přístroje bez nutnosti většího detektoru. Implementovaný přístup byl testován pomocí umělých i skutečných dat, a jeho účinnost byla zhodnocena subjektivně i objektivně, pomocí vizuální kontroly a metrik kvality obrazu. Hodnocení je převážně založeno na srovnání obrazů rekonstruovaných pomocí této metody s obrazy získanými pomocí většího detektoru. Implementovaná technika rozšíření zorného pole poskytuje věrné rekonstrukce vzorku, srovnatelné se zmíněnými protějšky.