We present a new iterative approach to solving neutral-particle transport problems. The scheme divides the transport solution into its particular and homogeneous or “source-free” components. The particular problem is solved directly, while the homogeneous problem is found iteratively. To organize the iterative inversion of the homogeneous components, we exploit the structures of the so called Case-modes that compose it. The asymptotic Case-modes, those that vary slowly in space and angle, are assigned to a diffusion solver. The remaining transient Case-modes, those with large spatial gradients, are assigned to a transport solver. The scheme iterates on the contribution from each solver until the particular plus homogeneous solution converges. The iterative method is implemented successfully in slab geometry with isotropic scattering and one energy group. The convergence rate of the method is only weakly dependent on the scattering ratio of the problem. Instead, the rate of convergence depends strongly on the material thickness of the slab, with thick slabs converging in few iterations. The transient solution is obtained by applying a One Cell Inversion scheme instead of a Source Iteration based scheme. Thus, the transient unknowns are calculated with little coordination between them. This independence among unknowns makes our scheme ideally suited for transport calculations on parallel architectures. The slab geometry iterative scheme is adapted to XY geometry. Unfortunately, this attempt to extend the slab geometry iterative scheme to multiple dimensions has not been successful. The exact filtering scheme needed to discriminate asymptotic and transient modes has not been obtained and attempts to approximate this filtering process resulted in a divergent iterative scheme. However, the development of this iterative scheme yield valuable analysis tools to understand the Case-mode structure of any spatial discretization under arbitrary material properties.

A widely respected consultancy firm predicts that the amount of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) into the petrochemical sector in China will reach USD 30 billion between 2000 and 2005. If we consider the huge investments in China announced by several renowned petrochemical MNCs (multinationals) such as BP, Exxon Mobil and Shell, we can quickly conclude that the chemical market in China has become one of the most attractive for investments. In a similar way, Company X has also followed this trend and increased its investment more than 250 Million USD in China. An interesting question arises, namely, why is China able to attract such huge investments from so many well-known MNCs including Company X ? What kind of operation risks are entailed when entering this attractive market still under communist rule? Further, why by contrast, is there so much less investment by this multinational company X in Taiwan ? My research has two objectives which can be summarized as follows : • To verify if the entry mode chosen by Company X accords with the academic theory about which I have learned in the IEMBA course. • To provide some clues about the entry modes for new entrants who are interested in investing in the chemical market either in Taiwan or in China. In principle, companies who want to go international can choose from a wide range of alternatives when deciding how to participate markets in the world. Firms use basically six different modes to enter foreign markets: (1) exporting, (2) turnkey projects, (3) licensing, (4) franchising, (5) establishing joint ventures with a host country firm and (6) setting up a whole owned subsidiary in the host country. Each entry mode is accompanied with respective advantages and disadvantages of which has to be evaluated by the concerned company to meet its needs in a specific business/ market environment. Traditionally, it has been usually the core competence and the extent of market openness for MNCs to drive the choices of entry mode into a new market. Key words: Entry Modes, Multinationals, Foreign Direct Investment

This work investigated the characteristics of transverse modes and polarization of a VCSEL and attempted to control its transverse mode with optical feedback. The fundamental studies indicated that this solitary VCSEL's output consisted of two mutually orthogonal linear polarizations with different threshold currents and different transverse mode distributions. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the transverse modes of the VCSEL revealed a better stability than that of edge-emitted lasers. In the mode controlling experiments, an iris was employed to select a specific transverse mode for feedback, resulting in an enhancement in the power of the feedback mode. A significant improvement was accomplished in the feedback of the fundamental mode of the major polarization component: the laser oscillated in a single mode with a side mode suppression ratio greater than 19.8 dB and with a depression of the relative intensity noise more than 20 dB/Hz. Nevertheless, a week feedback in the minor polarization component would stimulate more competition among transverse modes and degraded the performance of the VCSEL. Finally, no effect was observed in the orthogonal-polarization optical feedback experiment due to the excessively small of feedback ratio.

Hemilabile ligands attracted much attention in past thirty years because they were effectively utilized in the field of coordination chemistry and homogenous catalysis. We have synthesized four tridentate iminophosphine ligands (o-Ph2P(C6H4)-C(H)=N-(CH2)n-R, n = 2, R = SnBu, LPNS1; n = 3, R = SMe, LPNS2; n = 3, R = OMe, LPNO3; and n = 3, R = NMe2, LPNN4) and one tridentate aminophosphine ligand (o-Ph2P(C6H4)CH2N(H)(CH2)3NMe2, LPNHN5) in this work. The structures of the iminophosphine copper(I) complexes were determined by the carbon-chain length between imino-nitrogen and third donor atom, the coordination ability of the third donor atom, and the nature of the anions (i.e. its donor ability and atomic radius). An unexpected tetranuclear copper(I) iodide complex [(CuI)2(LPNN4)]2 (16) was obtained due to the larger atomic radius of iodide ion. The ligand LPNN4 displayed versatile coordination behavior after complexing with some late transition metals such as Pd(II), Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II). These tridentate ligands may act as PN-chelator or PNE-chelator (E = S, N¡¦). Both chelating and bridging modes were observed at the same time in Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes. In Zn(II) complex, however, chelating by LPNN4 chelated only occurred through its N donor atoms. In term of the reactivity study of these complexes, we found that the complex [Cu(LPNN4)(CH3CN)0.2](BF4) (17) would successful react with Na(SCN), NaN3, and PhCCH/KOH to generate corresponding substitution products. However when reacted with PhCCC(O)OH/KOH, copper complexes bearing LPNN4 could not give the corresponding substituted carboxylate copper(I) product and gave the complex [Cu(CCPh)(LPNN4)]2 (18) via auto-decarboxylation instead.

<p>Background: In today’s business environment it is important to find new customers. An action that has been widely used is to enter foreign markets. Most firms are always seeking to maximize their profits, which can be achieved if an entry into a foreign market is performed. Due the European Union (EU), new economies open their borders for international trade and foreign investments. In 2004 Poland received membership. Even though Poland may be a country with potentials, there are aspects that the firm has to take into consideration in a potential market entry. Among these are market related and firm related factors.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the important factors related to the firm and the market in order to present feasible entry mode(s) which ire can use in a potential entry into the Polish market.</p><p>Method: The authors have conducted a case study of ire Möbel AB. A qualitative method approach has been used to fulfill the purpose of the thesis. Semi-structured telephone interviews have been used for the empirical findings. The authors want to attain convincing and in depth information in the field of interest, therefore three firm related interviews and three market related interviews have been conducted to obtain valid and reliable empirical results.</p><p>Conclusion: The case study has led to conclusions on how ire could enter the polish market. ire’s needs and resources have been compared to the Polish market factors and analyzed for pros and cons. The mode that is currently used on ire’s other markets, exporting, is working very well. Equity joint ventures have a three year tax relief but are still considered a quite expensive mode of entry. Other entry modes could be successful, but ire’s size and resources limits the modes available. The thesis has come to the conclusion that exporting and/or equity joint ventures are the modes of entry most appropriate for ire.</p>

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Droit--Université de Genève, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 573-621.

Understanding the orientation of small organic acid modifiers on metal oxide electrodes is important in advancing the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this work, the orientation of a group of these small organic acid modifiers will be investigated on indium zinc oxide (IZO). Polarization modulation-infrared reflectance-absorbance spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) is the primary technique used to determine these orientations. In order to determine orientations from PM-IRRAS data, other chemical and physical properties of the modifiers, such as density and surface coverage, must be experimentally determined. Neutral buoyancy is used to determine the density of the modifiers, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to estimate surface coverage of these modifiers on IZO. These techniques are also used to determine binding mode of these modifiers on IZO. The tilt angles (θ) were found to be 50 ± 3°, 64 ± 2°, and 43 ± 3° for F₅BnPA, F₅BnCA, and F₅BnHA, respectively, meaning that the phenyl ring in F₅BnHA is more perpendicular to the surface while the phenyl ring in F₅BnCA more parallel to the surface. All three modifiers were also found to bind to IZO in a bidentate manner. In contrast, F₅BnSA etches away significant portions of the IZO substrate.

Abstract The focus of this thesis is stress in rehabilitation professionals. Within the thesis, burnout encompasses compassion fatigue and moral stress. Therefore, burnout is the emotional and ethical fatigue which is produced through organizational and clinical expectations present when working with individuals who live with disabilities. This thesis argues that current rehabilitation service delivery models exacerbate burnout through their neglect of emotional and ethical needs in professionals. The goal of this thesis is to develop an alternative model of service delivery which addresses burnout in rehabilitation professionals. The thesis answers the following question. How does Jean Vanier's thinking about relationships between individuals, living with and without disabilities, contribute to the field of rehabilitation therapy and, more specifically, to reducing stress currently experienced by rehabilitation professionals? To answer this question and meet the thesis goal, the research is situated within a constructivist paradigm and uses a single, interpretive case study design. This research has produced the transformational model of service delivery. This model states rehabilitation is a transformational process. Whereas traditional rehabilitation views the client as the focus of the change process, the transformational model states both the client and the professional benefit from their participation in a transformational change process. The change process is directed at the personal identity of both client and professional and is characterized by increased awareness and acceptance of key aspects within self and other. Whereas in more traditional rehabilitation models, creating the relational conditions necessary for change is the professional's responsibility, within the transformational rehabilitation model, both client and professional contribute to the relationship which is characterized by commitment, co-operation and compassion. In addition, client and professional experience the outcome of transformation, maturity. A mature person is defined by his/her capacity for agency and authenticity. This thesis argues that Jean Vanier is relevant to rehabilitation professionals. The articulation of an alternative model of service delivery, based on Vanier's thinking about relationships between individuals living with and without disabilities, makes a significant contribution to reducing stress in rehabilitation professionals. / Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2007-10-05 08:51:06.833

Kulturen har sedan urminnestider funnits i olika former, beroende på hur människorhar levt och förflyttat sig över jorden. Idag när vi lever närmare varandra ännågonsin kan den ge upphov till problem, kulturerna emellan. När olika kulturer skasamsas på en och samma plats behövs det verktyg för att samhället ska bli enhomogen och trygg plats. Mångkulturella samhällen existerar överallt i världen, därolika kulturer lever sida vid sida, detta examensarbete kommer ta upp förhållandeinterkulturalism, där kulturerna lever inte bara sida vid sida utan i en relation medandra kulturer som bygger på respekt för mångfald, ömsesidigt utbyte och synergi,och dokumentärfilm i form av två undervisningsfilmer.Två undervisningsfilmer har skapats med hjälp av två olika berättarsätt, medinterkulturalism som grund.Efter en enkätundersökning gjord med respondenter på Komvux vuxenutbildningSFI, svenska för invandrare, gjordes en jämförande studie som byggde på enjämförelse mellan dessa två filmer. Jag kunde därefter konstatera attinterkulturalismens budskap bäst går fram till mottagaren genom enundervisningsfilm gjord på Bill Nichols ”The Expository mode” som grund.

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