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Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Rafael Siqueira de Guimarães / Banca: Nelson Pedro da Silva / Resumo: Neste trabalho fazemos uma análise do humor politicamente incorreto e escrachado do desenho animado estadunidense South Park tendo como norte: (1) que embora a comicidade na contemporaneidade esteja neutralizada e abrandada pelo humorismo light e politicamente correto, o discurso humorístico propagado por nosso corpus de estudo pode estar em sintonia com as características mais essenciais e inerentes a este gênero da linguagem (crítica, acidez, sarcasmo, caricatural, escatológico, grotesco); (2) e que quando o texto Southparkiano (episódios compostos por narrativas, diálogos e imagens) inverte os discursos hegemônicos possibilitaria reflexões acerca destes, atentando para que tanto esses discursos contra-hegemônicos, quanto os discursos hegemônicos, são infalíveis, não sendo estritamente corretos e/ou verdadeiros. / Abstract: In this work we do an analysis of politically incorrect humor of the American South Park cartoon with a north: (1) although the comic discourse in contemporary is neutralized and softened by the light humor and the politically correct, the humorous discourse propagated by the corpus of our study can be in keeping with the essential features and inherent to this genre language (critic, acidity, sarcasm, caricature, scatological, grotesque); (2) and that when the South Park's text (episodes composed narratives, dialogues and images) reverses the hegemonic discourses it could enable reflections about them, paying attention to these counter-hegemonic discourses and hegemonic discourses are both infallible, not strictly correct and/or true at all. / Mestre

Taxonomy of diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) was studied in 45 samples from Acadia National Park, Maine, U.S.A. Approximately 550 diatom taxa in 87 genera were observed in the samples from various habitats (i.e., lakes, streams, wetlands, wetwalls and brackish habitats). The most species rich group of diatoms, Eunotiophycidae, was studied in detail, resulting in a detailed documentation of 81 species and varieties with 18 probably new taxa.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Anne E. Beamish / One of the most important aspects of a public space is its accessibility and inclusivity for all people. In urban parks, this often means that a wide variety of users must be considered during the design process. Denver Civic Center Park is a historic urban park in the heart of Denver’s downtown. The park caters to a variety of people ranging from tourist, who briefly visit the park, to people who are experiencing homelessness, and call the park home. Ensuring that the needs of people varying in age, culture, and economic background is key to any urban park’s success. Semi-structured interviews, site observations, site inventory and analysis, and critical mapping helped assess Denver’s Civic Center Park’s inclusivity and accessibility. Through a combination of improved infrastructure and additional amenities, a thoughtful redesign of the historic park addressed today’s challenges with homelessness and created a more inclusive environment. Because of the historic nature of the park only specific modifications to the southern ares were made. There are two reasons to create inclusive public spaces. The first is the social mixing that comes from people of different backgrounds and cultures sharing a safe environment. Social mixing connects groups of people through passive and active interactions that are built on seeing someone or overhearing their conversations. Social interactions, that take place in a safe environment, can trigger empathy within the community and start to build relationships between people of different socioeconomic groups. The second reason focuses on the ethics of designing public space. The infrastructure and policy of a public space should not be exclusive to a “desirable” demographic, but should include all existing users and the surrounding community. Because a large portion of users in Denver’s Civic Center Park are people experiencing homelessness, the design and programmatic amenities should consider their needs and desires. Landscape architects can influence the public’s views and the way people interact with each other by designing safe and active urban public spaces. In this project I asked, what design policies and strategies could be implemented to make Denver’s Civic Center Park more inclusive and secure for all park users, including those experiencing homelessness?

The common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) has recently been recognised as an alien invasive species in the Eastern Cape and their population is increasing rapidly within the region. This then raises a concern as it is recorded that invasive species have negative impacts on both economic and ecological aspects of biodiversity in the receiving community. There are few studies that have documented the impacts of this species in the Eastern Cape. This study therefore seeks to determine the diet and population trends of this species in the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) Main Camp and the results obtained can be correlated with previous studies and used to quantify the impacts of this species in the Eastern Cape. Warthogs are specialized grazers, it was therefore hypothesized that they will have potential impacts on grazing resources in the AENP Main Camp. The diet of common warthogs in the AENP Main Camp was determined through microhistological analysis of faecal material of samples collected seasonally. Population trends of common warthogs were determined in relation to the effects of predation on the population growth and population age structure of these animals within the AENP Main Camp. The results were compared with the findings for common warthog population growth and population age structure of Great Fish River Nature Reserve (GFRNR), a predator free population. It was hypothesized that the population growth rate of common warthogs in the AENP Main Camp before the introduction of lions and hyaenas in the AENP would not differ from the population growth rate of common warthogs in GFRNR. Secondly, the post-lion/hyaena common warthog population in the AENP Main Camp would differ from both the AENP Main Camp pre-lion/hyaena and GFRNR common warthog populations due to the presence of large predators in the AENP Main Camp. For population age structure it was hypothesized that the two populations, AENP Main Camp and GFRNR would differ because of predators increasing mortality. The diet of common warthogs was dominated by grass (87.4 percent), with Cynodon dactylon being the dominant grass species. Common warthogs in the AENP Main Camp should be properly managed because they have potential impact on grasses. The population growth of common warthogs in the AENP Main Camp showed no effect of predation, with population growth not differing from that of GFRNR. Predation had an effect on common warthog population age structure with AENP Main Camp and GFRNR populations differing, particularly in terms of adult structure. Thus, population growth of common warthogs in the AENP Main Camp is not determined by the presence of predators. These findings highlight the status of common warthog as an invasive species in the AENP Main Camp and potentially impacting on grass species and show little effects of top-down population regulation. These results show a need of monitoring common warthog population as well as their potential impacts in the area.

An introduced population of Sciurus carolinensis planted at Stanley Park, Vancouver, B.C. about 1913 has maintained itself successfully for at least 38 years in competition with the indigenous squirrel Sciurus douglasi. This population was studied through a period of 18 months. It was found that the gray squirrel has reached a point of saturation in the mixed deciduous-conifer forest type favored by it. The spring population approximates .7 per acre and the autumn population about 1 per acre. Two litters are born per year to adult squirrels, one to yearlings. These arise from matings in March and April and June and July. The ratio between breeding females and young at weaning age is 1 to 1.6, indicating a very low reproductive success. The gray squirrel is not territorial in its behavior. Females move through an area of 5 to 15 acres with little seasonal variation. In the winter the males have about the same range of movements as the females but during the rest of the year they move in a non random manner over an area of 50 to 55 acres. Polygamy is the rule with several males competing for the receptive female. Dominance among such a group of males is positive, physical and not associated with territory. The most important food plants are the vine maple (Acer circinatum) and the broad-leafed maple (Acer macrophyllum). Food storage takes place in a random fashion within a radius of 50 feet from the source. Subsequent recovery of stored food is by random searching over the storage area. The Douglas squirrel exerts physical dominance over the gray squirrel but has a different habitat preference that reduces competition between the two species. Twenty-six birds nests were watched in the squirrel area and only two were destroyed by them. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis attempts to devise a classification of ecosystematic units which reflect the rates, patterns and environmental determinants of plant community formation on recently deglaciated terrain. A series of three glacial valleys located in Garibaldi Park, approximately 60 miles east of Vancouver, British Columbia, and lying between elevations of 4800 and 5000 feet above sea level, were studied. The valleys lie in a transition area between coastal and interior biogeoclimatic zones and thus derive their pioneer flora from elements of the Coastal Subalpine Mountain Hemlock Zone, the Coastal Alpine Zone and the Interior Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir Zone. Climate, geology and soil development in the three valleys were studied in order to provide an understanding of the macroenvironmental conditions under which the vegetations was developing. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall were measured for three field seasons (1965 through 1967) to determine the degree of climatic homogeneity of the study area, to examine the effect of glacial proximity on microclimate within the valleys and to establish a gross moisture balance for the growing season. Snow duration was noted for all vegetated sites. A brief description of the parent rocks contributing to the glacial till in the valleys is provided. The chronology of ice retreat in each valley is documented by growth ring analysis of trees established on differently aged surfaces and by reference to studies of synchronous glacial movements in western North America. Soil development was studied by chemical analysis of soil samples taken from pits associated with various plant communities. Changes in total nitrogen, organic matter, C:N ratio, cation exchange capacity and macronutrient cations have been noted with advancing substrate age and altered vegetation cover. Vegetation was sampled using 16 m² sample plots in which vegetation stratification, floristic composition and species abundance-dominance, sociability and vigour were estimated. A classification of ecosystematic units was then synthesized by grouping samples on the basis of overall floristic similarity, dominance by a characteristic combination of species and uniformity of ecotope. The phytosociological synthesis was compared with a cluster analysis of the sample plots using species presence and cover, a method which yielded a similar but not identical set of groups to the ecosystem units. A total of twelve ecosystem units was delimited representing a number of pathways in plant succession and ranging in age from 40 - 150 years since ice retreat. Detailed ecological relationships with the ecosystematic units have been determined from microenvironmental measurements, soil nutrient analyses, sap pressure studies, and autecological analyses associated with the original sample plots. Variations in soil moisture content, surface temperature extremes and snow duration were recorded and correlated with plant community development. Soil nutrient availability was determined for soil samples from pits within sample plots representing the various ecosystematic units. Apparatus and field methods were developed to monitor the diurnal variation of internal moisture stress for a number of successionally important species. Sap pressure, negative tension on the water stream in the xylem, was correlated with net radiation to the plants and atmospheric moisture deficits. A statistical comparison of sap pressure regimes and distribution of four Salix shows that their distribution into different ecosystem types is predictable from their mean sap pressures. For all species of significant coverage an autecological summary has been prepared from plot analysis records showing their modalities to hygrotope, snow duration and age of substrate since ice retreat. Climate, geology, substrate chronology, soil development, microenvironment, autecological relationships, and phytosociological units with their successional roles have been combined to provide a synecological summary for each ecosystematic unit. Maps of the glacial valleys are presented which show the actual distribution of individual communities within each unit. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

Disertační práce se zabývá problematikou podnikatelských inkubátorů a jejich role při zvyšování úspěšnosti začínajících firem v rámci existujících nástrojů podpory podnikání v České republice. Úvodní kapitola zdůrazňuje aktuálnost a významnost tématu. Druhá kapitola mapuje současný stav řešené problematiky. Věnuje se zejména tomu, jakou roli hrají malé a střední podniky v rámci ekonomiky České republiky, jaké faktory jsou klíčové pro úspěšný start podniku, poskytuje přehled o současných možnostech podpory podnikání v České republice a také sleduje historický vývoj podnikatelských inkubátorů v USA i Evropě. Třetí kapitola obsahuje formulaci problému a cíle disertační práce. Rozsáhlá čtvrtá kapitola obsahuje výsledky empirického průzkumu a jeho vyhodnocení. První subkapitola se zaměřuje na analýzu činnosti existujících podnikatelských inkubátorů v České republice z pohledu provozovatelů těchto zařízení. Následující subkapitola analyzuje názory externích subjektů na inkubátory, ať už jde o pohledy studentů, podnikatelů, odborníků, inkubovaných firem či médií. Další subkapitola porovnává získané informace o činnosti podnikatelských inkubátorů v České republice s výsledky obdobného průzkumu realizovaného na úrovni Evropské unie. Pátá kapitola na příkladech dvou fungujících podnikatelských inkubátorů prokazuje reálnost a užitečnost tohoto nástroje zvyšování úspěšnosti začínajících firem. Šestá kapitola pak sumarizuje všechny získané informace do podoby návrhu podnikatelského inkubátoru určeného pro podporu začínajících firem ve snaze poskytnout existujícím i připravovaným podnikatelským inkubátorům doporučení pro zvýšení efektivnosti a kvality jejich činnosti. Závěrečná kapitola se věnuje tomu, jak byly splněny cíle práce, a rovněž popisuje její přínosy pro rozvoj vědy, praxi či pedagogiku.

This study investigated the background and experience of municipal recreation directors in the Southwest District of the United States and compared these qualifications with standards recommended by the National Recreation and Park Association.