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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Conception d'assemblages polymétalliques d'uranium pour le développement de molécules aimants / Design of polymetallic uranium assemblies for the development of single molecule magnets

Chatelain, Lucile 20 July 2016 (has links)
L’étude de la chimie des actinides est essentielle dans le cadre de la technologie nucléaire pour le développement de nouveaux combustibles, pour l’étude du retraitement des déchets nucléaires et la migration des actinides dans l’environnement mais aussi pour la compréhension fondamentale des interactions actinide/ligand et la formation de liaisons multiples. Les propriétés magnétiques des molécules polymétalliques d’actinides sont particulièrement intéressantes pour explorer la communication magnétique entre différents centres métalliques. De plus, ces molécules ont été identifiées comme particulièrement prometteuses pour la conception de molécules aimants. L’uranium a une grande réactivité redox notamment due à ses multiples degrés d’oxydation accessibles et forme aisément des assemblages polynucléaires. Néanmoins, très peu de synthèses contrôlées de complexes polymétalliques d’uranium et de neptunium ont été décrites dans la littérature. La première approche de ce travail repose sur la synthèse de clusters oxo/hydroxo d’uranium à partir de l’hydrolyse contrôlée d’uranium tétravalent en présence d’un ligand organique rencontré dans l’environnement. Cette étude a mené à une famille de clusters aux topologies originales, dont la taille varie en fonction des conditions réactionnelles employées. Cependant les clusters obtenus ne mènjavascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract');ent pas à des propriétés de molécules aimants. Dans le but de favoriser une plus grande interaction entre les métaux par le ligand pontant, l’interaction cation-cation a été utilisée pour la synthèse rationnelle d’assemblages d’uranyle(V). Par le passé, peu de complexes d’uranyle(V) ont été isolés à cause de son instabilité vis-à-vis de la dismutation ; cependant, l’optimisation du ligand organique et des conditions de synthèse ont finalement permis de stabiliser l’uranyle(V). Nous avons utilisé des complexes stables d’uranyle(V) comme brique de base pour former des molécules hétéronucléaires avec des métaux 3d et 4f. Un réglage fin des conditions de réactions a mené à une conception rationnelle d’assemblages discrets ou polymériques. L’étude des propriétés magnétiques de ces assemblages d’uranium a mis en valeur des propriétés de molécules ou chaînes aimants avec de hautes valeurs d’énergie de relaxation. L’uranyle(V) a également été utilisé comme modèle structural du neptunium qui est plus radioactif permettant d’isoler un complexe isostructural homométallique de neptunyle(V) grâce à des conditions réactionnelles similaires. Finalement, des ligands nitrures favorisant la formation de liaison multiples uranium-ligand, ont été utilisés pour construire de nouveaux complexes binucléaires d’ujavascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract');ranium supportés par des ligands silanols. De nouvelles molécules, sans précédent, contenant des nitrures comme ligand pontant associés à de l’uranium au degré d’oxydation +III ont été isolées et caractérisées. / The study of actinide chemistry is not only essential for the development of nuclear fuel, nuclear fuel reprocessing or environmental clean up, but also for the understanding of fundamental actinide/ligand interactions and multiple bounding. The magnetic properties of polynuclear actinide molecules are of significant interest to investigate the magnetic communication between the metallic centres. Furthermore, they are highly promising for the design of molecular magnets. Uranium undergoes redox reactions due to a wide range of available oxidation states and easily forms polynuclear assemblies. However, only a few controlled synthetic routes towards these polynuclear uranium assemblies are described in the literature. In this context, the first part of this work was dedicated to the synthesis of oxo/hydroxo uranium clusters from the controlled hydrolysis of tetravalent uranium in the presence of an environmentally relevant ligand. This led to the synthesis of clusters with novel topologies, for which size could be varied as a function of the reaction conditions employed. However, the obtained clusters do not behave as SMM. In order to gain a stronger interaction between metallic centres, the cation-cation interaction was used to rationally design polynuclear uranyl(V) complexes. The isolation of uranyl(V) complexes had been limited in the past by its disproportionation, however, a fine tuning of the organic ligand and reaction conditions finally allowed to stabilise uranyl(V). We used stable uranyl(V) units as building block to form heteronuclear complexes with 3d and 4f metals with polymeric or discrete structures. The study of the magnetic properties of the uranium polynuclear assemblies was carried out and revealed single molecule or chain magnet behaviours with high energy barriers. The uranyl(V) unit was also used as a structural model for the more radioactive neptunium element, allowing the isolation of an isostructural trinuclear neptunyl(V) assembly in similar reaction conditions. Finally, the use of a nitride ligand as a bridging unit, allowing the formation of uranium-ligand multiple bonds, was explored to build novel di-uranium complexes supported by siloxy ligands. Nitride molecules containing unprecedented uranium in the +III oxidation state were isolated and characterised.
12

Corrosion Protection of Low Carbon Steel By Cation Substituted Magnetite

Phadnis, Ameya 05 1900 (has links)
Surfaces of low carbon steel sheet were modified by exposure to highly caustic aqueous solutions containing either chromium or aluminum cations. Corrosion resistances of such surfaces were compared with that of steel surfaces exposed to plain caustic aqueous solution. In all cases a highly uniform, black coating having a spinel structure similar to magnetite (Fe3O4) was obtained. The coated steel surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Polarization resistances (Rp) of modified steel surfaces were measured and compared with that of bare steel surfaces. Results indicate that chromium (Fe2+ Fe3+x Cr3+1-x) or aluminum (Fe2+ Fe3+x Al3+1-x) substituted spinel phases formed on steel surfaces showed higher Rp values compared to only magnetite (Fe2+ 2Fe3+O4) phase formed in the absence of either chromium or aluminum cations. Average Rp values for steel surfaces with chromium containing spinel phase were much higher (21.8 k?) as compared to 1.7 k? for bare steel surfaces. Steel surfaces with aluminum containing spinel phase and steels with plain magnetite coated samples showed average Rp values of 3.3 k? and 2.5 k? respectively. XPS and EDS analysis confirmed presence of cations of chromium and aluminum in Fe3O4 in cation substituted samples. FTIR results showed all coating phases were of spinel form with major absorption bands centered at either 570 cm-1 or 600 cm-1 assigned to Fe3O4 and ?-Fe2O3 respectively.
13

Influence of A-site Cation Composition on Electronic Properties of Halide Tin Perovskites

Tounesi, Roba S. 08 1900 (has links)
Tin halide perovskites are gaining interest as a replacement for lead perovskites for various device applications. However, compared to lead-based perovskites, the understanding of their charge transport properties has received limited attention. In particular, the effect of A-site cation on electronic properties of tin perovskites warrants further attention to design efficient material systems for various applications beyond photovoltaics. In the presented work, leveraging the composition tunability of halide perovskites, we establish a relationship between the A-site composition and electronic properties in tin perovskites (ASnI3). The effect of prototypical A-site cations such as Formamidinium (FA), Methylammonium (MA), Cesium (Cs), and their binary combinations on structure, morphology, and electronic properties are explored. MACs combination offers the highest electrical conductivity owing to enhanced mobility compared to mono-cations MA and Cs, resulting in an impressive electrical conductivity of ∼ 143 Scm−1 and thermoelectric power factor of ∼ 149 μW m−1K−2. The library of properties generated for Sn perovskites in this work will be helpful for their further development as an electronic material.
14

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and its application to the study of calcium sites in silicate glasses

Geere, R. G. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
15

The structure and properties of some mixed transition metal oxides

Taylor, J. M. C. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
16

The effect of phytate on mineral bioavailability and heavy metal contaminants

Duffin, P. A. January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
17

Nerve growth factor produces hyperalgesia through phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent recruitment of TRPV1 ion channels /

Stein, Alexander T. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92).
18

Complexes polynucléaires d'Uranium : structure réactivité et propriétés / Coordination chemistry and reactivity of uranium complexes

Mougel, Victor 28 September 2012 (has links)
L'étude et la compréhension de la chimie fondamentale des actinides constitue un axe de recherche privilégié notamment dans le cadre de la technologie nucléaire tant en amont pour le développement de nouveaux combustibles qu'en aval pour l'étude du retraitement des déchets nucléaires. Une des problématiques principales au cours de ces études réside dans la capacité que possèdent les actinides à subir des réactions rédox et à former des assemblages polynucléaires. Néanmoins, très peu d'assemblages polynucléaires peuvent être synthétisés de manière reproductible, la plupart des complexes polynucléaires d'actinides décrits dans la littérature sont formés de façon fortuite plutôt que par conception rationnelle. En outre, les assemblages polynucléaires s'uranium ont été identifiés comme particulièrement prometteurs pour l'élaboration de matériaux magnétiques et pour leur réactivité. L'objectif de ce travail réside dans la synthèse d'assemblages polymétalliques à base d'uranium en mettant à profit quelques aspects de sa réactivité redox et de sa chimie de coordination. De nouvelles voies de synthèse de composés polynucléaires d'uranium ont été développées, et l'étude des propriétés physico-chimique des composés a été réalisée. La première approche utilisée repose sur la synthèse d'assemblages d'uranyle pentavalent. L'uranyle pentavalent est connu pour sa facilité d'agrégation via des interactions entre groupement uranyles appelées interaction cation-cation, mais l'isolation de ce type de composé a été très largement limitée par l'instabilité de l'uranyle(V) vis-à-vis de la dismutation. L'utilisation de ligands base de Schiff de type salen a permis dans ces travaux l'isolation du premier assemblage polynucléaire d'uranyle(V). Sur la base de ce résultat, la variation des ligands et des contre-ions utilisés a permis l'isolation d'une large famille d'assemblages polynucléaires d'uranyle(V) et l'étude fine des paramètres régissant leur stabilité. Par ailleurs, l'étude des propriétés magnétiques de ces assemblages a mis en valeur de rares exemples couplages antiferromagnétiques. En outre, cette voie de synthèse a été exploitée pour synthétiser le premier cluster 5f/3d présentant des propriétés de molécule aimant. Le deuxième axe d'approche suivi dans ce travail repose sur l'isolation de clusters oxo/hydroxo d'uranium. La réactivité d'hydrolyse de complexes d'uranium trivalent en présence de ligand à pertinence environnementale à permis la synthèse d'assemblages d'uranium dont la taille à pu être variée en fonction des conditions de synthèse employées. Enfin, de nouveaux assemblages présentant des topologies originales ont été isolés en exploitant la réactivité de dismutation de précurseurs d'uranium pentavalent. / The study and comprehension of actinide's fundamental chemistry have important implications both for the development of new nuclear fuel and for the nuclear fuel reprocessing. One of the major issues in these processes is the ease of uranium to undergo redox reactions and to form polynuclear assemblies, which largely perturb these processes. However, despite their relevance, only few synthetic routes towards polynuclear uranium assemblies are described in the literature, and most of the polynuclear complexes reported are formed by serendipity rather than by rational design. Moreover, polynuclear uranium compounds are highly promising for the design of magnetic materials with improved properties and for reactivity studies. The aim of this work is the synthesis of polynuclear uranium complexes and the study of their reactivity and coordination properties. New synthetic routes to uranium polynuclear assemblies were developed and the study of their physico-chemical properties was carried out. The first approach investigated was based on pentavalent uranyl chemistry. Uranyl(V) is known to form aggregates via an interaction between uranyl moieties often named cation-cation interaction, but the isolation of uranyl(V) complexes had been largely limited by its ease of disproportionation. We isolated the first stable uranyl(V) polynuclear assembly using salen-type Schiff base ligand. Based on this result, a fine tuning of the ligand and counterion properties resulted in the isolation of a large family of uranyl(V) polynuclear assemblies and in a better understanding of the parameters ruling their stability. Moreover, rare examples of clear antiferromagnetic couplings were observed with these complexes. In addition, this synthetic path was used to build the first 5f-3d cluster presenting single molecule magnet properties. The second approach used in this thesis consisted in the synthesis of oxo/hydroxo uranium clusters. The controlled hydrolysis of trivalent uranium in presence of an environmentally relevant ligand lead to the synthesis of clusters, which size could be varied in function of the reaction conditions employed. Finally, new uranium clusters with original topologies were synthesised through the induced disproportionation of pentavalent uranyl precursors.
19

Development of pillared clays for water and waste water treatment

Chan, May Kwan Syuen January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
20

The study of cationic amphiphilic peptides with anti-cancer selective toxicity

Maumela, Pfariso 01 September 2014 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2014. / The exposure of organisms to environmental stresses and pathogens results in rapid activation of a range of defensive pathways that act as part of the innate immune system. The most common innate immunity response is the activation of cationic amphiphilic peptides in response to microbial infection. Moreover, cationic amphiphilic peptides possess desirable attributes for the pharmaceutical development of cancer-selective drugs. They selectively and rapidly kill cancer cells without killing normal mammalian cells and have a broad spectrum of mechanisms of action. The aim of this exploratory study was to screen for cationic amphiphilic peptides with anti-proliferative activity that is induced by genotoxicity. GeneFishing® technology, 2-D gel analysis and bioassays were used to identify and analyse molecules induced in response to genotoxic stress in an embryonic cell line originating from the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. Bioassay results revealed that the cell line has constitutive expression of probable cationic amphiphilic proteins that are further induced by camptothecin treatment. GeneFishing® and 2-D gel analysis showed changes in gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. Overall, the study failed to identify the involvement or induction of cationic amphiphilic peptides in response to genotoxic stress. However, gene expression analyses revealed changes in the expression of classes of proteins involved in stress response, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial maintenance, protein translation, cytoskeletal proteins and immunophilins. The results show that the cell line constitutively expresses probable cationic amphiphilic peptides which are further induced by camptothecin.

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