To create a profitable and competitive business an important factor today is a well-functioning logistics. Through effective internal material flows effective logistics can be achieved. Unnecessary handling and movement of materials is a waste which affects the internal material flow. These wastes should be identified and eliminated as much as possible to improve the internal materials handling and through that achieve a more efficient business. At Fagerhults Belysning AB, where professional lighting systems are developed, manufactured and marketed, a new inventory has been built and changes in the assembly has been made during the past year. The impact of this is that the internal handlings of the materials is probably not the most effective. The purpose of this study is to improve the internal materials handling between inventory and assembly, by reducing unnecessary handling and movement of materials. To achieve the purpose, the current handlings of the materials between inventory and assembly has been identified, through observations and interviews at Fagerhults Belysning AB. The description of the current situation shows that both the new inventory (NF) and the old inventory (GF) are used to store components, whereof the old inventory is located downstairs. Since NF is located on the same floor as the assembly, the best had been to place all the components there, but when space is limited, GF also has to be exploited. In connection with the description of the current situation, literature studies have also been done, which together form the base of the analysis of the current situation. The analysis of the current situation includes suggestions for potential improvements, as well as their impact on the company. In the analysis chapter the authors have chosen to focus on which components that should be prioritized for location in NF, as this was considered as an important part in reducing the number of movements to and pallets on the storage area, in order to improve the materials handling. To determine which components that should be prioritized for location in NF, the authors have chosen to use the ABC-analysis based on the order frequency to the assembly. The analysis was only made on one product family since the project has a tight time limit. To perform the analysis on the entire product range, and by that avoiding sub-optimization, a tool is evolved to the company for future analysis.Finally, a discussion of the results and the method are conducted by the authors. The authors believe that the tool is helpful when performing an ABC-analysis in order to finally determine which components that should be prioritized for location in NF. However, there are more factors to consider in order to apply the tool in full, for instance fill rate in NF, purchase quantity etc. / För att skapa en lönsam och konkurrenskraftig verksamhet är en väl fungerande logistik en viktig faktor. Genom effektiva interna materialflöden kan effektiv logistik åstadkommas. Onödig hantering och förflyttning av material är slöseri som påverkar det interna materialflödet. Dessa slöserier bör identifieras och elimineras så långt det går för att förbättra den interna materialhanteringen och genom det åstadkomma en effektivare verksamhet.På Fagerhults Belysning AB, där professionella belysningssystem utvecklas, tillverkas samt marknadsförs, har ett nytt förråd under det senaste året byggts samt förändringar i monteringsupplägget gjorts. Detta har medfört att den interna materialhanteringen sannolikt inte är den mest effektiva. Syftet med examensarbetet är att förbättra den interna materialhanteringen mellan förråd och montering, genom att minska onödig hantering och förflyttning av material.För att uppnå syftet har den nuvarande materialhanteringen mellan förråd och montering kartlagts genom observationer och intervjuer på Fagerhults Belysning AB. I nulägesbeskrivningen framkommer det att både det nya förrådet (NF) och det gamla förrådet (GF) utnyttjas för att lagra komponenter, varav det gamla förrådet är beläget på nedre våningen. Eftersom NF ligger på samma våning som monteringen hade det bästa varit att placera samtliga komponenter där, men då platsbrist råder måste även GF utnyttjas. I samband med att nulägesbeskrivningen genomförts har även litteraturstudier gjorts, vilka tillsammans ligger till grund för nulägesanalysen.Nulägesanalysen innefattar förslag på potentiella förbättringar, samt dess påverkan på företaget. I analyskapitlet har författarna valt att fokusera på vilka komponenter som bör prioriteras för placering i NF, då detta ansågs vara viktigt för att minska antalet transporter till, samt antalet pallar på, materialtorget och på så sätt förbättra materialhanteringen. För att avgöra vilka komponenter som bör prioriteras för placering i NF har ABC-analys baserat på orderfrekvens till montering valts att användas. Analysen har endast gjorts på en produktfamilj för att projektet inte ska bli för omfattande i förhållande till den tidsbegränsning som finns. För att kunna utföra analysen på hela produktsortimentet, och därmed undvika suboptimering, har ett verktyg utvecklats till företaget för framtida analyser.Avslutningsvis har en diskussion förts av resultatet och den metod som använts. Det verktyg som skapats anses av författarna vara ett bra hjälpmedel vid genomförandet av ABC-analysen för att slutligen kunna avgöra vilka komponenter som bör prioriteras för placering i NF. Dock finns det fler faktorer att ta hänsyn till för att kunna tillämpa verktyget fullt ut så som fyllnadsgrad i NF, inköpskvantiteter etc.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Heidelberg, 2006. / Zsfassung in dt. u. engl. Sprache.

The Bayesian approach has been developed in various areas and has come to be part of main stream statistical research. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have freed us from computational constraints for a wide class of models and several MCMC methods are now available for sampling from posterior distributions. However, when data is large and models are complex and the likelihood function is intractable we are limited in the use of MCMC, especially in evaluating likelihood function. As a solution to the problem, researchers have put forward approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), also known as a likelihood-free method. In this report I introduce the ABC algorithm and show implementation for a stochastic volatility model (SV). Even though there are alternative methods for analyzing SV models, such as particle filters and other MCMC methods, I show the ABC method with an SV model and compare it, based on the same data and the SV model, to an approach based on a mixture of normals and MCMC. / text

Campylobacter jejuni is a human pathogen that causes severe diarrhea! disease. However, our understanding of C. jejuni virulence mechanisms and survival during disease and transmission remains limited. Amino acid ATP Binding Cassette (AA-ABC) transporters in C. jejuni have been proposed as being important for bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. We have investigated a novel AA-ABC transporter system, encoded by cj0467-9, by generating targeted deletions of cj0467 (membrane transport component) and cj0469 (ATPase component) in C. jejuni 81-176. Analyses described herein have led us to designate these genes paqP and paqQ, respectively [pathogenesis-ssociated glutamine (q) ABC transporter permease () and ATPase (Q)]. We found that loss of either component resulted in amino acid uptake defects, most notably diminished glutamine uptake. Both ΔpaqP and ΔpaqQ mutants also exhibited a surprising but significant increase in short-term intracellular survival in macrophages and epithelial cells. Levels of resistance to a series of environmental and in vivo stresses were examined. Both mutants were hyper-resistant to aerobic and oxidative stress, and while ΔpaqP was also hyper-resistant to heat and osmotic shock, ΔpaqQ was more susceptible than wild-type to the latter two stresses. Annexin-V staining coupled with fluorescence microscopy revealed that macrophages infected with the ΔpaqP and ΔpaqQ mutants underwent a lower level of apoptosis than cells infected with wild-type bacteria. Macrophages infected with the mutant strains exhibited a transient decrease in ERK activation compared to wild type-infected macrophages, potentially explaining the reduced apoptosis phenotype. The ΔpaqP mutant did not exhibit a defect for short or longer term mouse colonization, consistent with its increased stress survival and diminished host cell damage phenotypes. Collectively, these results demonstrate a unique correlation between an AA-ABC transporter with bacterial stress tolerance, intracellular survival, host cell damage, and host signal transduction in response to pathogen infection.

Rámcová osnova: 1) Úvod 2) Cíl práce a metodika 3) Literární přehled 4) Teoretická část 5) Praktická část 6) Návrh na doporučení 7) Závěr 8) Seznam použité literatury

No description available.

La tesis tuvo como propósito demostrar que un adecuado uso e implementación del sistema de costos basado en actividades permite un mejor análisis de la rentabilidad (neta, patrimonial y de activos) en la empresa Corporación Central Zuan S.A.C. Para ello, y mediante un diseño de tipo pre experimental sobre un universo de 15 trabajadores, se ha determinado que existe una dependencia entre la variable independiente (sistema de costos ABC) y la variable dependiente (análisis de la rentabilidad), habiéndose encontrado valores cercanos a 1 y, por lo tanto, quedando demostrada la correlación y, por ende, las hipótesis general y específicas.

Campylobacter jejuni is a human pathogen that causes severe diarrhea! disease. However, our understanding of C. jejuni virulence mechanisms and survival during disease and transmission remains limited. Amino acid ATP Binding Cassette (AA-ABC) transporters in C. jejuni have been proposed as being important for bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. We have investigated a novel AA-ABC transporter system, encoded by cj0467-9, by generating targeted deletions of cj0467 (membrane transport component) and cj0469 (ATPase component) in C. jejuni 81-176. Analyses described herein have led us to designate these genes paqP and paqQ, respectively [pathogenesis-ssociated glutamine (q) ABC transporter permease () and ATPase (Q)]. We found that loss of either component resulted in amino acid uptake defects, most notably diminished glutamine uptake. Both ΔpaqP and ΔpaqQ mutants also exhibited a surprising but significant increase in short-term intracellular survival in macrophages and epithelial cells. Levels of resistance to a series of environmental and in vivo stresses were examined. Both mutants were hyper-resistant to aerobic and oxidative stress, and while ΔpaqP was also hyper-resistant to heat and osmotic shock, ΔpaqQ was more susceptible than wild-type to the latter two stresses. Annexin-V staining coupled with fluorescence microscopy revealed that macrophages infected with the ΔpaqP and ΔpaqQ mutants underwent a lower level of apoptosis than cells infected with wild-type bacteria. Macrophages infected with the mutant strains exhibited a transient decrease in ERK activation compared to wild type-infected macrophages, potentially explaining the reduced apoptosis phenotype. The ΔpaqP mutant did not exhibit a defect for short or longer term mouse colonization, consistent with its increased stress survival and diminished host cell damage phenotypes. Collectively, these results demonstrate a unique correlation between an AA-ABC transporter with bacterial stress tolerance, intracellular survival, host cell damage, and host signal transduction in response to pathogen infection. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

Thesis is about analysis of two applications, which is used or will be used in selected company. First of these applications is E-PROD. By the application is solved possibility of automate ability of data entry. These data are used by the application for counting of productivity. The second application is ABC TOOL. This application is not used in company, because it isn't testing its functionality on Czech platform. The application is in the thesis tested and analyzed. Based on tests it will be decided whether the application is applicable for Czech branch. The thesis also deals with proposals about optimization of using applications and with suggestions for their modifications and extension. Outputs should be information about how to improve the software support of selected process.

O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar e comparar a aplicação da modelagem dinâmica de sistemas (MDS) e do activity based costing (ABC) para mensurar os custos em manufatura celular. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma simulação utilizando os conceitos de MDS para obter os custos de produção de quatro produtos, em um ambiente de manufatura celular, considerando o método ABC e a comparação desses valores com a técnica de custeio tradicional ou absorção. Quanto à metodologia de pesquisa, esse trabalho é de enfoque quantitativo no qual o tipo de pesquisa é exploratório sem estabelecimento de hipóteses, porém, guiada pelos seus objetivos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a aplicação do ABC juntamente com a MDS é muito satisfatória quando comparada com a técnica tradicional. Finalmente, a aplicação do ABC com a MDS pode ser utilizada eficientemente como um método alternativo para custeio em manufaturas celulares. / The aim of this dissertation is to apply and to compare the modeling system dynamics (MDS) and activity based costing (ABC) to measure the costs in cellular manufacture. Taking this into account, a simulation was accomplished using the concepts of MDS to obtain the costs of production of four products, in an environment of cellular manufacture, considering ABC method and the comparison of those values with the technique of traditional costing. As for the research methodology, this dissertation is of quantitative focus in which the research type is exploratory without establishment of hypotheses, however guided by their objectives. The obtained results demonstrate that the application of ABC together with MDS it is very satisfactory when compared with the traditional technique. In conclusion, it can be observed that the application of ABC with MDS can be used efficiently as an alternative method to costing in cellular manufacture.