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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Interactome des intervenants dans le métbolisme du poly(ADP-ribose)

Isabelle, Maxim 19 April 2018 (has links)
La poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases consistant en une population hétérogène de polymères formés à partir du NAD. La poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase est responsable de la dégradation du poly(ADP-ribose). Les activités enzymatiques de ces enzymes constituent un système de régulation pour différents sentiers métaboliques. En effet, l'interaction démontrée entre le pADPr et de multiples protéines a permis de confirmer un rôle de modulateur de nombreuses voies de signalisation tel que la réparation de l'ADN, apoptose, cycle cellulaire, surveillance de l'intégrité du génome, transcription et modulation de la chromatine. Ainsi, nous avons formulé l'hypothèse que le pADPr pourrait coordonner la réparation des lésions à l'ADN et la progression du cycle cellulaire avec la signalisation d'événement apoptotiques. Une approche efficace constituerait à identifier et caractériser les protéines (intermédiaires) associées au pADPr selon une logique temporelle. Les diverses actions du pADPr sur les processus biologiques dépendent (dans le cas de la majorité du pADPr, soit celui métabolisé par PARP-1) de la gravité des dommages induits à l'ADN. Par conséquent, il existe probablement des points de seuil faisant basculer les voies de signalisation de la réparation vers la mort cellulaire. Une approche réductionniste, dans ce type de problème, ne peut apporter des réponses satisfaisantes. L'utilisation de la protéomique quantitative semble être une approche plus appropriée. Un volet du travail présenté dans cette thèse visait à identifier des partenaires des PARP-1, PARP-2 et PARG dans le but de reconnaître les sentiers biochimiques qui pourraient inclure une composante de poly(ADP-ribosylation) dans leur régulation et définir des interactions fonctionnellement pertinentes. Par la suite, nous avons établi un réseau dynamique des complexes associés au pADPr en fonction du temps suivant un dommage alkylant induit par un stress génotoxique. Ainsi, certains événements modulés par le pADPr ont été analysés et cartographies. De plus, nous avons caractérisé un rôle novateur du pADPr dans la formation des granules de stress suite à un stress génotoxique. En conséquence, nos résultats ont permis d'édifier les premières bases pour la biologie des systèmes de la poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation en fournissant un répertoire d'interactions protéique exhaustif.
22

Strategies for structural studies of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase: Towards the validation of a novel therapeutic target

Botta, Davide January 2010 (has links)
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a reversible post-translational modification of histones and nuclear proteins rapidly stimulated by DNA damage. Its homeostasis is a dynamic process regulated by the synthesizing enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the degrading enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). PARP-1, the first-discovered and major PARP, has been the focus of many studies aimed at clarifying the biological function of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). This abundant nuclear enzyme plays key roles in a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of chromatin structure, transcription and genomic integrity. Its multifunctionality has made it an attractive and potential target for therapy, as evidenced by the numerous PARP-1 inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials. The transient nature of PAR, explained by the close coordination between PARP-1 and PARG, has also highlighted the potential of targeting PARG for diseases of inappropriate cell death. A number of obstacles, however, have prevented PARG from being studied as extensively as PARP-1. The extreme sensitivity of PARG to proteases and its insolubility at high concentrations have limited structure-activity relationship analyses and structural studies of PARG, and the unavailability of high-throughput activity assays has stalled the discovery and development of specific and cell permeable PARG inhibitors, subsequently slowing down the validation of PARG as a therapeutic target. The work presented in this dissertation describes in detail strategies devised to overcome these difficulties. First, a novel colorimetric high-throughput assay for PARG was evaluated and its sensitivity and precision were compared to a widely-used radiolabelling assay. Second, several expression and purification systems were constructed in order to obtain high quantities of soluble human PARG protein adequate for in vitrostructural studies. The efficacy of these strategies was demonstrated in structure-activity analyses of PARG which led to the identification of a regulatory segment far removed linearly from the catalytic site of PARG. This region, necessary for catalytic activity, corresponds with a recently identified mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and was thus named the ‘regulatory segment/MTS’ (REG/MTS). Finally, based on structural data obtained, secondary structure predictions were made to provide insight into the molecular composition of the different domains of PARG, whose structures still remain to be determined.
23

Effect of Partial Poly (ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase Gene Deletion on Cellular Responses to Genotoxic Stress

Gao, Hong January 2006 (has links)
Polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) are rapidly synthesized by poly(ADPribose) polymerases (PARPs) and rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) following genotoxic stress. Since PAR metabolism plays an important role in cell fate determination following genotoxic stress, enzymes involved in PAR metabolism potentially represent promising therapeutic targets for modulating diseases of inappropriate cell proliferation or death. PARP-1 has been well validated and several PARP-1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for cancer and ischemia treatment. In contrast, the biological function of PARG is still poorly understood. Due to low abundance of protein levels in mammalian cells and its unique substrate, PARG potentially represents another attractive target for pathological conditions mentioned above. PARG-Δ2,3 cells derived from homozygous PARG-Δ2,3 mice with targeted disruption of exons 2 and 3 of the PARG gene are used in this dissertation. The nuclear isoform PARG60 in PARG-Δ2,3 cells lacks the putative regulatory domain A compared to the nuclear isoform PARG110 in wild type cells. We report in this dissertation that PARG-Δ2,3 cells accumulate less PAR in spite of more rapid depletion of NAD following treatment with N-methyl- N’- Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The estimation of PARP and PARG activity in intact cells shows increased activity of both enzymes in PARG-Δ2,3 cells following MNNG treatment, indicating the important role of domain A in the regulation of PARG and PARP activity under these conditions. Following MNNG treatment, PARG-Δ2,3 cells show reduced formation of XRCC1 foci, decreased H2AX phosphorylation, decreased DNA break intermediates during repair, and increased cell death. The altered PAR metabolism and defective cellular responses related to DNA repair in PARG-Δ2,3 cells may contribute to increased sensitivity of these cells to MNNG. Studies presented in this dissertation clearly demonstrate the important role of PARG110 in PAR metabolism and cellular responses to genotoxic stress, and thus provide supportive data for the validation of PARG as a promising potential therapeutic target.
24

La réponse aux radiations ionisantes : une analyse chez le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans /

Dequen, Florence. January 2004 (has links)
Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 106-126. Publié aussi en version électronique.
25

ADP-ribosyl-acceptor Hydrolase 3 (ARH3): Structural and Biochemical Insights into Substrate Specificity, Metal Selectivity, and Mechanism of Catalysis

Pourfarjam, Yasin 29 September 2021 (has links)
No description available.
26

Characterization of TCDD-inducible poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP/ARTD14) catalytic activity

Gomez, A., Bindesboll, C., Satheesh, S.V., Grimaldi, Giulia, Hutin, D., MacPherson, L., Ahmed, S., Tamblyn, L., Cho, T., Nebb, H.I., Moen, A., Anonsen, J.H., Grant, D.M., Matthews, J. 29 October 2018 (has links)
Yes / Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP/ARTD14/PARP7), which is known to repress aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent transcription. We found that the nuclear localization of TIPARP was dependent on a short N-terminal sequence and its zinc finger domain. Deletion and in vitro ADP-ribosylation studies identified amino acids 400–657 as the minimum catalytically active region, which retained its ability to mono-ADP-ribosylate AHR. However, the ability of TIPARP to ADP-ribosylate and repress AHR in cells was dependent on both its catalytic activity and zinc finger domain. The catalytic activity of TIPARP was resistant to meta-iodobenzylguanidine but sensitive to iodoacetamide and hydroxylamine, implicating cysteines and acidic side chains as ADP-ribosylated target residues. Mass spectrometry identified multiple ADP-ribosylated peptides in TIPARP and AHR. Electron transfer dissociation analysis of the TIPARP peptide 33ITPLKTCFK41 revealed cysteine 39 as a site for mono-ADP-ribosylation. Mutation of cysteine 39 to alanine resulted in a small, but significant, reduction in TIPARP autoribosylation activity, suggesting that additional amino acid residues are modified, but loss of cysteine 39 did not prevent its ability to repress AHR. Our findings characterize the subcellular localization and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of TIPARP, identify cysteine as a mono-ADP-ribosylated residue targeted by this enzyme, and confirm the TIPARP-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of other protein targets, such as AHR. / This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grants [MOP-494265 and MOP-125919]; CIHR New Investigator Award; an Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Innovation [ER10-07-028]; the Johan Throne Holst Foundation; Novo Nordic Foundation; and the Norwegian Cancer Society to J.M. This work was also funded by grants from the Johan Throne Holst Foundation; and the Novo Nordic Foundation to H.I.N.
27

Inoculant production and formulation of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP

Stelting, Scott January 2011 (has links)
In this work, a model microbial agent for bioremediation was improved using fermentation and formulation methods. The outcomes of the fermentation work include the development of a new culture medium which increased the cell productivity greater than one order of magnitude. A robust functionality to degrade the herbicide atrazine was expressed. The new medium was scaled-up to a 2L bioreactor. Liquid bacterial culture was not inherently stable and lost viability at both 4°C and 25°C storage. When liquid bacterial culture was formulated by encapsulation in a biopolymer gel and applied to zeolite the transfer of cells from bacterial culture to formulated carrier was highly efficient. No loss of viability was measured from the immobilization process, and the functionality of the agent was retained. The formulated agent expressed an extended shelf life of at least 10 weeks when stored in ambient (25°C) temperature. When the formulation granules were inoculated into sterile soil, viability of the granules was stable and also retained the maximum level of functionality for the full test period of 10 weeks. The soil surrounding the formulation granules was also enumerated. The number of cells in the soil increased after a single inoculation of the formulation and the maximum level of functionality was conveyed from the formulation to the surrounding soil. The formulated inoculant constitutes an improvement for a bioremediation strain to stabilize the agent, produce an extended shelf life at ambient temperatures, and maintain the functionality of a microbe to utilize atrazine. In this thesis we have used a biopolymer formulation in which an inoculum is simply mixed into a gel and applied directly to the surface of the zeolite with no special equipment, drying, temperatures, or secondary re-growth steps required. It is a simple model system consisting of a carrier, and a artificial biofilm. As a technique to produce stable functional inoculants for bioremediation, the work presented here demonstrates an approach that is simple, practical, effective, and robust.
28

Characterization of post translational modification of heterotrimeric G proteins

Lupi, Rosita January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
29

Structural studies on nucleotide binding proteins

Tisi, Dominic John Guiseppe January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
30

Inflammation affects ontogeny of L-carnitine hmeostasis mechanisms in the developing rat

2013 December 1900 (has links)
ABSTRACT This thesis research involved investigations into the effects of inflammation on maturation of L-carnitine homeostasis in developing rat neonates. The overall hypothesis was an inflammatory stimulus will alter the ontogeny of L-carnitine homeostasis pathways and this depends upon when the inflammatory stimulus occurs in postnatal development. The objective was to investigate the potential effect of inflammation on carnitine transporter expression in different age groups of neonates and evaluation of effect of inflammation on ontogeny and activity of enzymes involved in carnitine biosynthesis and whether this differs depending upon when in postnatal development the inflammatory stimulus occurs. Rat pups at postnatal day 3, 7, and 14 received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose known to cause a febrile reaction in rat neonates. L-Carnitine homeostasis pathways underwent significant ontogenesis during postnatal development in the rat. LPS administration caused a significant decrease in free L-carnitine levels in serum and heart tissue and a decrease in mRNA expression levels of the high affinity carnitine transporter, Octn2, in kidney, heart and intestine at all postnatal ages. Furthermore, significant decreases in mRNA expression levels of key enzymes involved in carnitine biosynthesis was observed, while an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA levels were observed at all postnatal ages. Reductions in butyrobetaine hydroxylase mRNA expression were paralleled by reductions in enzyme activity only at postnatal day 3 and 7. Heart creatine phosphate levels were deceased significantly in LPS treated groups in all postnatal ages; however, ADP and ATP levels were unaffected. Collectively, this research provided experimental evidence for a significant effect of inflammation on changes in L-carnitine homeostasis maturation in early neonatal stages. The maturation of physiological processes may be altered by external factors in early postnatal life.

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