Texte remanié de: Memoria de licenciatura--Universidad de Almería, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 173-189. Porte le numéro 4 sur le dos du livre.

The present study reconstructs psychological, linguistic and ontological aspects of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy in the light of Brentano’s theory of intentionality. Brentano used intentionality as a psychological term to denote the ‘mental’ as opposed to the ‘natural’. Later, with Meinong, intentionality took an ontological commitment to assenting that ‘there are things that do not exist’. The chapters that discuss Ṣadrā’s philosophy reflect the two aspects with an investigation for the production process of intentional objects and an investigation of the status of these objects in ontology. The main aim of the research is to give an internalist and monist account for the nature of intentionality demonstrating an alternative approach to the concepts of existence and the soul. Ontologically, there is only one reality (existence) and nothing is left outside it. Accordingly, intentional objects are mental beings that are at a lower level of existence (wujūd ẓillī). The principles behind the monist ontology are: first, the gradational ontology (tashkīk) that all things are determined beings (mutamayyiz) and they are manifestations of a single reality at different levels of intensity (mutashakkik), and, second, the simplicity principle (basīṭ al-ḥaqīqa) in which existence is a simple reality that comprehends all beings whilst being the principle of multiplicity at the same time. Accordingly intentional objects are a level of existence, and share same reality. Epistemologically, all knowledge processes including external senses are regarded as internal processes in which the causal effect of the extra-mental object is reduced to being an accidental preparatory tool and faculties for the soul. Perception is always completed with the touch of imagination and the real object of perception is internally created. The soul is not the receiver of forms, but is the active agent. Moreover, the soul undergoes substantial change as the objects are being produced. The soul is then not a container of forms. It is rather the case that the forms themselves construct the soul. The last point is that knowledge is a mode of existence. This mode of being (knowledge) indeed is the very existence of the human soul. In this explanation, the soul is neither material nor immaterial per se: the soul starts her journey as a material substance and becomes more delicate and immaterial through her journey. The soul’s journey is made possible with the preparatory role of the processes of perception. Intentionality is soul’s action of creating mental forms. The products are identical to soul since soul and knowledge are identical. Consequently, intentional objects are dependent on the soul in their presence and creation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Rodrigo de Souza Pain.pdf: 5584354 bytes, checksum: 50c7a2198cb8318fbefd2864662cf527 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The thesis has the objective to present the work of doctorate that was centered in the analysis of the challenges of the angolan civil society in terms of social participation in the context of the acute conflict. The population that suffered with colonial repression also lived deeply the authoritarism of the Unique Party after independence and felt the civil war almost without interruptions per decades between the government of the Popular Moviment of Freendom of Angola and military forces of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. In this way, onde perceives that still today the traumas of as much instabilty are presents in large part of the population. The objective of this work is based on experience of Angolana NGO Action for the Agricultural and Surrounding Development. This imporatant instituition acts in the agricultural area, with significant works in the field value the participation of the angolan society, bringing diverse social actors in favor of the development of the country. Moreover, we also will detach its performance in the field of the public politics in Angola, mainly in the works achieved with the Deep one of Social Support. / A tese tem por objetivo apresentar este trabalho de doutoramento centrado an?lise dos desafios da sociedade civil angolana em termos de participa??o social no contexto do conflito agudo. A popula??o que sofreu com repress?o colonial, tamb?m vivenciou o autoritarismo do Partido ?nico ap?s a independ?ncia e sentiu a guerra civil quase ininterrupta de d?cadas entre o governo do Movimento Popular de Liberta??o de Angola (MPLA) e for?as militares da Uni?o Nacional para a Independ?ncia Total de Angola (UNITA). Dessa maneira, percebe-se que ainda hoje os traumas de tanta instabilidade est?o presentes em boa parte da popula??o. Meu objeto de estudo est? na experi?ncia da ONG angolana A??o para o Desenvolvimento Rural e Ambiente (ADRA). Essa importante institui??o atua na ?rea rural, com significativos trabalhos no campo da seguran?a alimentar e no desenvolvimento rural, sempre buscando valorizar a participa??o da sociedade angolana, trazendo diversos atores sociais em prol do desenvolvimento do pa?s. Al?m disso, darei tamb?m destaque a sua atua??o no campo das pol?ticas p?blicas em Angola, principalmente nos trabalhos realizados com o Fundo de Apoio Social (FAS).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo9315_1.pdf: 391050 bytes, checksum: a88e9c95d1e3c8af3aae2f5c1009f47f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Esta dissertação trata do processo de emergência e empowerment de formas organizativas locais nos bairros do Sofrio e da Caluva. As formas organizativas locais, aqui analisadas, são representadas por Comissões, Grupos de Moradores e respectivas lideranças enquanto agentes constituidores de mobilização e reivindicações sociais como forma de reconhecimento social. Partindo da contextualização da realidade angolana, especificamente, da província da Huíla, são analisados os diversos atores e fatores que se relacionam, interpenetram e jogam um papel decisivo no surgimento desse tipo de organização social. A intervenção da ADRA, ONG angolana, nos bairros do Sofrio e da Caluva no Lubango, capital da província da Huíla, foi o campo empírico que estimulou este trabalho

This thesis examines the interpretive tradition of Mullā Ṣadrā in the context of the schools of Tehran and Qum. Mullā Ṣadrā’s transcendental philosophy (al-ḥikmah al-mutaʿālīyah or ḥikmat) avails itself to a number of readings; however, this thesis focuses on the philosophical and mystical (ʿirfānī) readings in terms of their development, transmission and their impact on how ḥikmat is understood in the modern Iranian seminary (ḥawza). The way in which a text is read in the ḥawza has great implications for the development of ideas, as the ḥawza uses a text based system to train students in a particular field. While both readings were studied by the majority of transcendental philosophers (ḥukamāʾ) in the school of Tehran, the school of Qum saw a greater separation between the readings and I show that for a number of reasons, including the introduction of seminal texts written by ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī, a preference developed for a more philosophical reading of transcendental philosophy. I examine evidence for the different preferences of the ḥukamāʾ for either a more philosophical or ʿirfānī reading of ḥikmat through an examination of their writings on the subjects of existence (wujūd), guardianship (walāyah) and resurrection (maʿād) which act as case studies. The theoretical implications of both approaches are examined in each chapter as well as their interdependence. The schools of Tehran and Qum built on Mullā Ṣadrā’s framework and provided new interpretations of important issues. Apart from the intricate discussions on the core aspects of ḥikmat, Muḥammad Riżā Qumshihī’s masterful examination of the Seal of the Saints and ʿAlī Mudarris Zunūzī’s philosophy of bodily resurrection are examples of a thriving interpretive tradition in Iran and constitute significant developments of important philosophical and ʿirfānī concepts from the ideas of their predecessors.

The thesis analyzes the role of NGOs in the field of international development assistance, mainly analyzes the structure of funding and links with the expenditures of the state budget. Total expenditures on official development assistance are set into the structure of the state budget, revenues are quantified in selected non-profit organizations and their structure is outlined. The thesis also covers legislative changes introduced by the new Civil Code. There are used analytical, comparative and descriptive methods by which the author comes to the conclusion that the form of projects implemented by non-profit organizations can be influenced by the Concept of development assistance and subsidies which can be obtained from the state.

The thesis deals with the history of charity work among Seventh day Adventists in the Czech lands. It presents basic information about the origins, progress and theological emphasis of Seventh day Adventists concerning the charity work. It shortly describes the history of Adventism in the Czech lands. The second part is focused on each form of social, charitable and humanitarian care that was provided by the Seventh day Adventists in the Czech Republic. In addition, it describes poverty reduction as well as work in the Tabita social groups. Information is also provided about the medical missionary ministry, work of the summer children health camps and the Association for health care. The last part of the thesis is aimed at basic information about the Czech office of the Adventist development and relief agency and pastoral care among the Adventists.