La mitose est une phase importante du cycle cellulaire. Les mécanismes de surveillance s'assurent de l'ordre et de l'exécution correcte des événements du cycle cellulaire dont les erreurs peuvent conduire à l'aneuploïdie. Pendant la mitose, la séparation des chromatides sœurs est régulée par le point de contrôle du fuseau mitotique qui s'assure que tous les chromosomes sont correctement alignés sur la plaque métaphasique. L'entrée et la sortie de mitose sont régulées par l'activation et l'inactivation du complexe cycline B/Cdk1. Cette fine régulation fait intervenir de nombreuses kinases et phosphatases. Dans ce projet nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement à deux AGC kinases : RSK2 et Greatwall (Gwl).Au cours de cette étude nous nous sommes proposés d'analyser l'implication de RSK2, substrat majeur de la MAPK, dans le point de contrôle du fuseau mitotique. Nos résultats montrent que RSK2 est essentielle pour l'activité du point de contrôle du fuseau mitotique dans les extraits d'œufs de xénope ainsi que pour la localisation des autres protéines de ce mécanisme de surveillance localisées aux kinétochores. Nous montrons également que RSK2 participe au point de contrôle dans les cellules humaines. En effet, RSK2 est nécessaire à la localisation aux kinétochores de Mad1, Mad2 et Cenp-E, protéines essentielles à l'activité de ce checkpoint. L'entrée et la sortie de mitose sont régulées par le complexe cycline B/Cdk1 et des phosphatases. Gwl est une nouvelle kinase essentielle à l'entrée en mitose et au maintien de l'état mitotique dans les extraits d'œufs de xénope. En effet, nos résultats montrent que Gwl maintient l'état mitotique indépendamment du complexe cycline B/Cdk1, en régulant négativement PP2A, une phosphatase responsable de la déphoshorylation des substrats mitotiques. / Mitosis is an important phase of cell cycle. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) verifies the orders and the events correct execution of the cell cycle, as errors may lead to aneuploidy. During the mitosis, the checkpoint delays the anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the spindle‘s microtubules. Entry and Exit of mitosis are regulated by the activation and inactivation of cyclin B/Cdk1. A lot of kinases and phosphatases are involved in this fine regulation. In this project, we are particularly focusing on two AGC kinases: RSK2 and Greatwall (Gwl).In this study, we analyzed RSK2, a major substrates of MAPK, involvement in SAC. Our results show that RSK2 is essential to the activation of SAC in xenopus egg extracts and for the localization at the kinétochores of the others SAC components. We also show that RSK2 participate in the maintenance of the SAC in human cells. Indeed, RSK2 is necessary for Mad1, Mad2 and Cenp-E localization, essential proteins for SAC activation.Entry and exit of mitosis are regulated by cyclin B/Cdk1 complex and phosphatases. Gwl is a new kinase essential to the entry into mitosis and maintenance of the mitotic state in xenopus egg extracts. Indeed, our results showed that Gwl maintains the mitotic state independently of cyclin B/Cdk1 but with the negative regulation of PP2A, which dephosphorylate the mitotic substrates

The maintenance of normal cell function and tissue homeostasis is dependent on the precise regulation of multiple signaling pathways that control cellular decisions to either proliferate, differentiate, arrest cell growth, or initiate programmed cell death (apoptosis). Cancer arises when clones of mutated cells escape this balance and proliferate inappropriately without compensatory apoptosis. Deregulated cell growth occurs as a result of perturbed signal transduction that modulates or alters cellular behavior or function to keep the critical balance between the rate of cell-cycle progression (cell division) and cell growth (cell mass) on one hand, and programmed cell death (apoptosis, autophagy) on the other. AGC kinases are activated downstream of a wide range of extracellular stimuli by distinct mechanisms. AGC kinase members such as Aurora-A and Akt regulate fundamental cellular functions including cell cycle, cell growth and survival. Inappropriate activation of those kinases has been associated with the development of diseases such as diabetes, autoimmunity, and cancer. The molecular mechanism of AGC kinases including Aurora-A and Akt involved in human cancers indicates that Aurora-A and Akt are important targets for cancer therapeutic strategies. We demonstrate, for the first time, that Aurora-A interacts with AR and phosphorylates AR at Thr282 and Ser293 in vitro and in vivo. Aurora-A induces AR transactivation activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Ectopic expression Aurora-A in LNCaP cells induces the PSA expression and cell survival whereas knockdown of Aurora-A sensitizes LNCaP-RF cells to apoptosis and cell growth arrest. These data indicate that AR is a substrate of Aurora-A and that elevated Aurora-A could contribute to androgen-independent cell growth by phosphorylation and activation of AR. The NACHT leucine-rich repeat protein 1 (NALP1) is a member of the Ced-4 family and locates at chromosome 17p13.2 near TP53 locus. Here we demonstrated frequent somatic mutations and epigenetic silence of the NALP1 in human non-small cell lung, breast, ovarian and colon cancer. Restoration of NALP1 resulted in the inhibition of tumorigenic activity of the cell lines with NALP1 alterations. In addition to apoptosis, the cells expressing NALP1 largely undergo autophagy. Expression of NALP1 induces PI3KC3 kinase activity through directly interacts with Beclin 1, a protein required for activation of PI3KC3. Moreover, Akt phosphorylates NALP1 and disrupts the interaction between NALP1 and Beclin 1, leading to abrogation of NALP1-induced PI3KC3 activation and autophagy. Taken collectively, these data indicate that the NALP1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17p13 and plays an important role in tumorigenesis by regulation of Beclin 1/PI3KC3 autophagic pathway and that Akt inhibits autophagy through regulation of NALP1/Beclin/ PI3KC3 cascade.