Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / A renewed focus on generalised pollinator systems has inspired a conceptual framework which highlights that spatial and temporal interactions among plants and their assemblage of pollinators can vary across the individual, population, regional and species levels. Pollination is clearly a dynamic interaction, varying in the number and interdependence of participants and the strength of the outcome of the interaction. Therefore, the role of variation in pollination is fundamental for understanding ecological dynamics of plant populations and is a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of generalised and specialised pollination systems. My study centred on these basic concepts by addressing the following questions: (1) How variable are pollinators in a generalised pollination system? To what degree do insect visitation rates and assemblage composition vary spatially among populations and temporally among flowering seasons? (2) How does variation in pollinators affect plant reproductive success? I chose to do this using a model system, Trachymene incisa subsp. incisa (Apiaceae), which is a widespread Australian herbaceous species with simple white flowers grouped into umbels that attract a high diversity of insect visitors. The Apiaceae are considered to be highly generalist in terms of pollination, due to their simple and uniform floral display and easily accessible floral rewards. Three populations of T. incisa located between 70 km and 210 km apart were studied over 2-3 years. The few studies investigating spatial and temporal variation simultaneously over geographic and yearly/seasonal scales indicate that there is a trend for more spatial than temporal variation in pollinators of generalist-pollinated plants. My study showed both spatial and temporal variation in assemblage composition among all populations and variation in insect visitation rates, in the form of a significant population by year interaction. However, removing ants from the analyses to restrict the assemblage to flying insects and the most likely pollinators, resulted in a significant difference in overall visitation rate between years but no difference in assemblage composition between the Myall Lakes and Tomago populations. These results indicate more temporal than spatial variation in the flying insect visitor assemblage of T. incisa. Foraging behaviour provides another source of variation in plant-pollinator interactions. Trachymene incisa exhibits umbels that function as either male or female at any one time and offer different floral rewards in each phase. For successful pollination, pollinators must visit both male and female umbels during a foraging trip. Insects showed both preferences and non-preferences for umbel phases in natural patches where the gender ratio was male biased. In contrast, insects showed no bias in visitation during a foraging trip or in time spent foraging on male and female umbels in experimental arrays where the gender ratio was equal. Pollinator assemblages consisting of a mixture of different pollinator types coupled with temporal variation in the assemblages of populations among years maintains generalisation at the population/local level. In addition, spatial variation in assemblages among populations maintains generalisation at the species level. Fire alters pollination in T. incisa by shifting the flowering season and reducing the abundance of flying insects. Therefore, fire plays an important role in maintaining spatial and temporal variation in this fire-prone system. Although insect pollinators are important in determining the mating opportunities of 90% of flowering plant species worldwide, few studies have looked at the effects of variation in pollinator assemblages on plant reproductive success and mating. In T. incisa, high insect visitation rates do not guarantee high plant reproductive success, indicating that the quality of visit is more important than the rate of visitation. This is shown by comparing the Agnes Banks and Myall Lakes populations in 2003: Agnes Banks received the highest visitation rate from an assemblage dominated by ants but produced the lowest reproductive output, and Myall Lakes received the lowest visitation rate by an assemblage dominated by a native bee and produced the highest seedling emergence. Interestingly, populations with different assemblage composition can produce similar percentage seed set per umbel. However, similar percentage seed set did not result in similar percentage seedling emergence. Differences among years in reproductive output (total seed production) were due to differences in umbel production (reproductive effort) and proportion of umbels with seeds, and not seed set per umbel. Trachymene incisa is self-compatible and suffers weak to intermediate levels of inbreeding depression through early stages of the life cycle when seeds are self-pollinated and biparentally inbred. Floral phenology, in the form of synchronous protandry, plays an important role in avoiding self-pollination within umbels and reducing the chance of geitonogamous pollination between umbels on the same plant. Although pollinators can increase the rate of inbreeding in T. incisa by foraging on both male and female phase umbels on the same plant or closely related plants, most consecutive insect movements were between plants not located adjacent to each other. This indicates that inbreeding is mostly avoided and that T. incisa is a predominantly outcrossing species, although further genetic analyses are required to confirm this hypothesis. A new conceptual understanding has emerged from the key empirical results in the study of this model generalised pollination system. The large differences among populations and between years indicate that populations are not equally serviced by pollinators and are not equally generalist. Insect visitation rates varied significantly throughout the day, highlighting that sampling of pollinators at one time will result in an inaccurate estimate and usually underestimate the degree of generalisation. The visitor assemblage is not equivalent to the pollinator assemblage, although non-pollinating floral visitors are likely to influence the overall effectiveness of the pollinator assemblage. Given the high degree of variation in both the number of pollinator species and number of pollinator types, I have constructed a model which includes the degree of ecological and functional specialisation of a plant species on pollinators and the variation encountered across different levels of plant organisation. This model describes the ecological or current state of plant species and their pollinators, as well as presenting the patterns of generalisation across a range of populations, which is critical for understanding the evolution and maintenance of the system. In-depth examination of pollination systems is required in order to understand the range of strategies utilised by plants and their pollinators, and I advocate a complete floral visitor assemblage approach to future studies in pollination ecology. In particular, future studies should focus on the role of introduced pollinators in altering generalised plant-pollinator systems and the contribution of non-pollinating floral visitors to pollinator assemblage effectiveness. Comparative studies involving plants with highly conserved floral displays, such as those in the genus Trachymene and in the Apiaceae, will be useful for investigating the dynamics of generalised pollination systems across a range of widespread and restricted species.

Inner healing prayer (IHP) warrants greater practical theological attention. The practice of IHP, most significantly developed by Agnes Sanford, has been described by many of those individuals and ministries that have seen God transform lives through it. This study focuses especially on the models developed by John and Paula Sandford, Leanne Payne, and Ed Smith as representative of IHP. Social constructionism, particularly as it has drawn attention to the significance of narrative, provides a fresh perspective with which to interpret what is taking place in IHP. A theology centred on Jesus' proclamation and demonstration of the in-breaking reign of God combines with social constructionism to suggest that a personal Creator God, who has a privileged perspective on reality, actively joins in the social processes by which we construct our understandings of reality. Interpreting IHP from this social constructionist perspective, this study proposes that IHP can be described as a practice in which God is invited and expected to experientially enter into the social processes by which people construct their reality. Traumatic or hurtful events have often created apparent realities that persons are unable to integrate into the central stories that identify their lives. IHP facilitates an encounter in which God•s loving, forgiving presence is experienced in the midst of such hurtful events allowing a new, more integrated and hopeful, construction of reality. The faith, hope and love of those leading in IHP and the symbolic, metaphorical language contribute to the ability of IHP to affect change at an emotional level, but the central role of the imagination, especially in visualising Jesus' presence, is the most unique and characteristic aspect. This interpretation provides a viewpoint to critique the practice of IHP and suggests some ways that an understanding of God's kingdom might further enhance its practice. A small~scale qualitative interview project offers the opportunity to assess whether this social constructionist interpretation corresponds to the way in which participants in IHP make sense of their experience. It is hoped that the constructionist perspective offered here provides a language that can broaden an understanding of IHP, enhancing dialogue and further research. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Practical Theology)

This dissertation examines the dynamics of the oral communication which takes place in the Easter Vigil at St. Augustine's Anglican Church, Thaba 'Nchu. The study uses an analytical framework drawn from Orality Theory and Speech Act Theory, to analyse oral communication in the preaching and singing of the Vigil. Through an approach of Participant Observation, details were obtained of the Easter Vigils of 1994, 1995 and 1996. The historical and cultural background of this All-Night Vigil is traced in European Church History and African Traditional Religion. The roles of the Mothers' Union, the St. Agnes Guild and the Guild of Bernard Mizeki are also highlighted. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th (Missiology)

CIDRACK, Marlene Lopes. Escola Agnes June Leith: formação e práticas curriculares de visitadoras de alimentação (1944–1966). 2010. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-06T15:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-09T11:23:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-09T11:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A research on the constituent elements of food and nutrition expertise with its focus on both the formative space and the intervening curricular practices of the “Visitadoras de Alimentação” (Dietary Education Visitors) in the political and institutional scenario of “SAPS” (Social Security Food Service) which operated in the State of Ceará from 1944 to 1966. For the analysis of the training of those professionals. “Agnes June Leith” Dietary Education Visitors School – so–called “EVA” – was selected; it operated in the State of Ceará from 1944 to 1966 focusing on daily experiences and curricular practices of the course, concentrating its investigation on the actions of dietary education amongst working–class members, students and the population as a whole. The study was aimed at rebuilding the educational space and investigate the curriculum practices of interventional feeding visits in the political and institutional SAPS–EC in this period. The methodological approach adopted was based on Pierre Bourdieu´s Social Action Theory with its emphasis both on the notions of field and habitus, as well as on the bases of Oral History and the Theory of Curricular Criticism, a landmark which was completed by the concepts of food, meal and eating practices originated from Anthropology. The sources used were the following oral reports obtained by way of interviews with people who had been part of the referred to school, such as principals, teachers, students and employees as well as “SAPS” employees – the institution to which “EVA” BELONGED; most popular newspapers at that time, exercise books of the course on Dietary Education Visitors, annals of Conferences on Dietary Education, books, magazines, officials documents and photographs. One can arrive at the conclusion that that School played a political–cultural role in the field of Food and Nutrition Education in the State of Ceará and in Brazil, contributing to the enhancement of human resources engaged in the struggle against hunger, malnutrition and poverty, and that the Dietary Education Visitors played a part as food educators and messengers of the principles of rational eating habits, contributing to the searching process for the social representation of such expertise. / Pesquisa sobre a constituição do campo de saber em alimentação e nutrição, com enfoque no espaço formativo e nas práticas curriculares intervencionistas das Visitadoras de Alimentação no cenário político e institucional do SAPS–CE no período de 1944 a 1966. Para análise da formação dessas profissionais, tomou–se a experiência da Escola de Visitadoras de Alimentação Agnes June Leith – EVA, que funcionou no estado do Ceará neste período, com foco nas vivências cotidianas e práticas curriculares do curso, centrando a investigação nas ações de educação alimentar junto à classe trabalhadora, escolares e população em geral. O estudo teve por objetivo principal reconstruir e investigar o espaço formativo e as práticas curriculares intervencionistas das Visitadoras de Alimentação no cenário político e institucional do SAPS–CE, no período de 1944 a 1966. A abordagem metodológica foi baseada na Teoria da ação social, de Pierre Bourdieu, com destaque para as noções de campo e habitus, nos fundamentos da História Oral e da Teoria crítica de currículo, referencial que se completou com os conceitos de alimento, comida e práticas alimentares provenientes da Antropologia. As fontes utilizadas foram: relatos orais obtidos por meio de entrevistas com pessoas que fizeram parte da referida escola, como diretoras, professoras, alunas e funcionárias, e funcionários do SAPS, instituição à qual a EVA pertencia; jornais de grande circulação da época, cadernos de aula do curso de Visitação Alimentar, anais do Congresso de Visitadoras de Alimentação, livros, revistas, documentos oficiais e fotografias. Conclui–se que a Escola exerceu uma ação político–cultural no campo do saber em Alimentação e Nutrição no Ceará e no Brasil, contribuindo para a formação de recursos humanos engajados na luta contra a fome, a desnutrição e a pobreza, e que as Visitadoras de Alimentação executaram a função de educadoras em alimentação e difusoras dos princípios da alimentação racional, contribuindo no processo de busca de representação social desse saber.

The Mundaú lagoon is part of the main estuary complex of Alagoas, called Mundaú-Manguaba, contributing directly to the socioeconomic development of the cities of Maceió, Coqueiro Seco and Santa Luzia do Norte through tourism, fishing and agriculture. However, the disordered occupation in its surroundings, lack of basic sanitation, effluent releases and the entry of pesticides from intensive agricultural activity cause problems of environmental contamination. In this work, it was verified how the contamination altered the physical-chemical parameters pH, conductivity, hardness, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, total organic carbon (TOC) and the Cu, Fe, Mn , Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd and Cr total metal concentration. It was also evaluated how the natural organic matter contained in the suspended particulate material (NOM-SPM) extracted from the lagoon influences the availability of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ metal cations, using the chronopotenciometric electrochemical technique of Absence Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES). The physical-chemical parameters were measured from 9 points collected in the lagoon and compared with the resolution 357/2005 CONAMA for brackish water, with pH and conductivity measured in situ; hardness by complexometry with EDTA; chloride ions by the Mohr method; the PO43-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ ions determined by spectrophotometry, the PO43- by the molybdenum blue method, SO42- by the turbidimetric method with BaCl2, NH4+ by the indophenol blue method and NO3- by the Gries reaction. TOC was measured by catalytic combustion with infrared detection and the total metal concentration performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. NOM-SPM was obtained by extracting the suspended particulate material from the samples, filtering them in a 0,45 μm pore membrane, and then extracting the NOM-SPM using 0,1 mol L-1 NaOH as an extractor, MON-MPS was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, molecular fluorescence and TOC, to obtain the degree of humification and aromaticity. Then, titration tests of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ metals were carried out with the MON-MPS 0,45 mg L-1 TOC, and the values of the complexation capacity (CC) and the conditional stability constant (K ') at pH 5 and 6. The results of the physical-chemical characterization showed that the lagoon has values of PO43-, NO3-, TOC, Fe, Zn and Pb above that allowed by Brazilian legislation for this type of ecosystem. The concentration of total Pb, in particular, reached 1,32 mg L-1, the maximum value allowed by resolution 357/2005 CONAAM is 0,210 mg L-1. The degree of humification of NOM-SPM indicated more aromatic functional groups than aliphatic structures, suggesting that it may be a good natural complexing agent for metals. The K 'and CC values show that NOM-SPM has more affinity for Pb2+ cations than for Cd2+, being in agreement with other NOM matrices described in the literature. It is concluded that there is a need for actions to remediation and minimize the indiscriminate disposal of contaminants in the lagoon so that the physicochemical parameters are adequate to the legislation and that NOM-SPM of the lagoon Mundaú acts as a good natural regulator for Pb2+ and Cd2+, being more effective for the first one, helping to reduce their availability to the biota in the form of free cations. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A laguna Mundaú faz parte do principal complexo estuarino de Alagoas, denominado Mundaú-Manguaba, contribuindo, diretamente, para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das cidades de Maceió, Coqueiro Seco e Santa Luzia do Norte por meio do turismo, da pesca e da agropecuária. No entanto, a ocupação desordenada em seu entorno, falta de saneamento básico, lançamentos de efluentes e a entrada de agrotóxicos oriundos da atividade agropecuária intensiva causam problemas de contaminação ambiental. Verificou-se, neste trabalho, como essa contaminação alterou os parâmetros físico-químicos pH, condutividade, dureza, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, carbono orgânico total (COT) e a concentração total dos metais Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd e Cr. Avaliou-se, também, como a matéria orgânica natural contida no material particulado em suspensão (MON-MPS) extraído da própria laguna influencia na disponibilidade dos cátions metálicos Cd2+ e Pb2+, utilizando-se da técnica eletroquímica cronopotenciométrica de redissolução no equilíbrio nernstiano e na ausência de gradientes (AGNES). Os parâmetros físico-químicos foram medidos a partir de 9 pontos coletados na laguna e comparados com a resolução 357/2005 CONAMA para água salobras, sendo o pH e condutividade medidos in situ; a dureza por complexometria com EDTA; os íons cloreto pelo método de Mohr; os íons PO43-, SO42--, NO3-, NH4+ determinados por espectrofotometria, sendo o PO43- pelo método do azul de molibdênio, SO42- pelo método turbidimétrico com BaCl2, NH4+ pelo método do azul de indofenol e NO3- pela reação de Gries. O COT foi medido por combustão catalítica com detecção de infravermelho e a concentração de metal total realizada por espectrometria de absorção atômica. A obtenção da MON-MPS se deu pela extração do material particulado em suspensão das amostras, filtrando-as em membrana de 0,45 μm de poro, para em seguida extrair a MON-MPS utilizando NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 como extrator. Caracterizou-se a MON-MPS por espectroscopia de UV-Vis, fluorescência molecular e COT, para obter o grau de humificação e aromaticidade. Em seguida, fez-se ensaios de titulação dos metais Cd2+ e Pb2+ com a MON-MPS 0,45 mg L-1 COT, medindo-se por meio da AGNES os valores da capacidade de complexação (CC) e da constante de estabilidade condicional (K’) nos pH 5 e 6. Os resultados da caracterização físico-química mostraram que a laguna está com valores de PO43-, NO3-, COT, Fe, Zn e Pb acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira para este tipo de ecossistema. A concentração de Pb total, em especial, alcançou o valor de 1,32 mg L-1, sendo que o valor máximo permitido pela resolução 357/2005 CONAAM é 0,210 mg L-1. O grau de humificação da MON-MPS indicou mais grupos funcionais aromáticos do que estruturas alifáticas, sugerindo que ela é pode ser um bom agente complexante natural para metais. Os valores de K’ e de CC mostram que a MON-MPS tem mais afinidade pelos cátions Pb2+ do que pelos Cd2+, estando de acordo com outras matrizes de MON descritas na literatura. Conclui-se que há necessidade de ações de remediação e minimização do descarte indiscriminado de contaminantes na laguna para que os parâmetros físico-químicos se adequem à legislação e, que a MON-MPS da laguna Mundaú atua como um bom regulador natural para Pb2+ e Cd2+, sendo mais efetivo para o primeiro, ajudando a diminuir a disponibilidade dos mesmos para a biota na forma de cátions livres.

Tangible social network system is a home-based communication solution specifically designed for elders. Former researches indicate that insufficient communication among elders cause several challenges in their daily activities such as social isolation, loneliness, depression and decreased appetite. In addition, lack of social participation increases the risk of Alzheimer´s (Ligt Enid, 1990). The major cause of these challenges are that elders are increasingly removed from communication technology using emails, text messaging, interact with social network systems and mobile phones due to cognitive and physical difficulties. To overcome this problem, new suggested social network system incorporates photo frame and photo album based interaction which allows instantaneous participation to the social network. By designing the new social network system, I tried to create an easier venue for more active cross-generational communication between elders and younger family members.This paper discusses the early results of the marker based social networking system aiming to propose digital technologies to enhance the social life of older people, who live alone their home. A prototype combining a touch screen, photo frame and a camera are described. It allows the older people to manage their participation to the social network system and get in touch with their loved ones. This paper demonstrates a User Sensitive inclusive Design (USID) process from the generation of user needs to the evaluation prototype. A key theme of tangible social network system shows how usable and emotional design derived from a user inclusive design process can encourage elders to adopt new modern technology. A first evaluation has shown the usability as well as the good acceptance of this system. / AGNES

Das Konzept des Doing Gender geht auf Garfinkels ethnomethodologische Untersuchung der sozialen Konstruktion der Zwei-Geschlechtlichkeit zurück. Die unterschiedlichen Konzeptionen des Doing Gender variieren mit der Interpretation der Omnirelevanz-Annahme und des Garfinkelschen Accountability-Konzepts; ihnen gemein ist, Geschlecht nicht als natürliches oder erworbenes Personenmerkmal zu sehen, sondern als durch Zuschreibung oder mittels sozialer Interaktion hervorgebrachtes.

This thesis The Life and Works of Grandmaster Vlasák O.Cr. (1867 - 1958) with the life of The Military Order Crucifers with the Red Star, ThDr. Josef Vlasák O.Cr., and its action in the Order. His work is se the context of the historical event, which was accompanied by him in his difficult aktivity, and which had to deal: the firs world war, the first land reform, the second world war, the second land reform, the advent of comunism and dissoluction of the Order. Other chapters are dedicated to J. Vlasák, its meaning and importance from the Catholic Church and for czechoslovac society. The information is drawn from the available nad archoval sources.

Die Prozesse der stetigen, interaktiven und lokalen Herstellung der Alltagswirklichkeit zu untersuchen, ist das Anliegen der Ethnomethodologie, die dem interpretativen Paradigma der Soziologie zugerechnet wird. Ihre leitende Frage lautet: Welcher Praktiken bedienen sich Gesellschaftsmitglieder, um die geordnete Struktur ihrer Alltagswelt interaktiv hervorzubringen? Geschlecht wird entsprechend als ein interaktiv hergestelltes Merkmal sozialer Ordnung begriffen.

Harold Garfinkel untersuchte in seiner ethnomethodologischen Studie über Agnes, die er 1967 im Prozess der Geschlechtsumwandlung begleitete, die Praktiken der alltäglichen, interaktiven Produktion des Geschlechts. Das hieraus entstandene Konzept des Doing Gender erkennt Geschlecht nicht als natürlichen Zustand, sondern als in sozialer Interaktion hervorgebrachtes Personenmerkmal.