Human large-scale use of coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels, which emit large quantities of energy use is caused by the greenhouse effect of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide increases rapidly, is the culprit of global warming. Man type and species of global warming has brought the threat of the living environment, how to effectively slow down global warming has become the man to face critical issues. According to Taiwan's greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors data show that the transport sector with a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, developed with the vehicle industry, motor vehicles have become the main transport means of transport to daily life, but also resulted in major metropolitan areas and air pollution from carbon dioxide, improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions, should have to be propaganda vehicle maintenance and regular inspection of work, vehicle maintenance facilities for the engine than coke will effectively reduce unnecessary vehicle emissions and pollution, with a view to sustainable human development. This study to collect relevant information through expert interviews, sorting out the market viability of the Automotive engine carbon removal methods are "bubble-type engine than coke," the "trickle engine program than coke" and "In addition to product hydrogen aircraft engine Carbon Programme "of three. And to identify factors that impact assessment, "the cost of implementation", "when applied to pollution assessment," "clear the effect of coke", "engine damage effects" and "ease of handling," and five. Main and analytic theory, experts in the field to conduct the carbon removal of the vehicle engine is assessed for the valid questionnaires, the use of AHP Analysis Method Comparison of the order of priority or importance, to find consistency through the whole management of the common point of view. Comprehensive management and access to the whole study found that industry, government, science and other 12 experts were assessing the overall level of the importance of the five ranking for the "impact of engine damage," the most important, were "clear the effect of coke," " when applied to pollution assessment, "" implementation costs "," easy operation "of the last. The engine in the current market feasible than carbon technology, the experts unanimously agree that the "hydrogen aircraft engine program than coke," the most advantage of the actual promotion of environmental protection that, the Government Ying Ying Zao Leung good conduct political Peihehuanjing, provide economic incentives to encourage people to Automotive engine carbon removal and counseling industry to promote environmental protection measures. The research results could serve as references for the Government's future vehicles and the carbon reduction policies.

Years since the outbreak of the mainland in 2008, melamine incident, public concern and requirement about food safety are increasing. In fact, the industry, government and academia also initiated many research plans and policy measures for the issue. Currently, the government has begun construct food traceability system plaforms layer by layer, including Taiwan agriculture and food traceability system, Taiwan processed food traceability system and food distribution traceability system. However, since the implement costs are considerable and the benefits of food traceability are unknown, to enhance the willingness to implementation food traceability, it must be attractive enough to let the market value widely recognized and accepted. Accordingly, the key factors in promoting food traceability and assessment criteria of each factor would be the issues that the government and the food industry are eager to figure out. Based on literature and traceability current developments, this study sort out the hierarchy factors of implementation of food traceability system, including government policy side, third-party certification unit, traceability information system, production and management side, supply chain collaboration, consumers cognitive, then design the qualitative and quantitative questionnaires by Analytic Hierarchy Process. Interview with nine experts (3 industrial, 3 government unit and 3 academic) and conduct in-depth discussion to reach key factors in the weight and priority of promoting food traceability system in Taiwan. In conclusion, our three major conclusions and recommendations, as follows: 1."Production and management side," "government policy side", "consumer awareness and acceptance" are driving foctors of the development of food traceability. "Supply chain collaboration", "traceability information system" and "third-party certification body" are complementary elements, which still needs proper planning and construction. 2. From the perspective of business, prior assessment of the food traceability will maximum effectiveness. It helpbusiness to improve the internal processes, risk management, in addition to protect consumer health and safety, enhance corporate reputation. 3. The Government should refer to the development of food traceability leading countries develop food safety regulations, orderly planning of food traceability systems. Also promote to food industry, and consumer.

Outsourcing is a popular name in the employ market. It is a common situation for enterprises to adopt the outsourcing system instead of hiring employees in order to achieve the goals of cost-down and elevate the competency of enterprises. Especially at the lower level technical and heavy physical- loaded industries. China Steel Corporation (CSC) has been experiencing of applying the outsourcing system on site-work over thirty years. CSC and the subcontractor are becoming a symbiosis relationship. Nevertheless, most of the documents focused on the research between the workforce flexibility and organization performance of the subcontract system, it¡¦s rare to investigate the integral job performance which are resulted from the cooperative working model in specific factory. Moreover, there are problems to be improved during the long period operation experiences under the similar symbiotic structure, such as work safety, quality, efficiency, management of manpower etc. which lead to results that are unsatisfied working performances. But there is no actual performance evaluation system to verify. This research conducts to find out the key successful factors and construct the key performance index of mechanical maintenance for job performances evaluation. It can be utilized to promote continuously for synchronizing maintenance performances of CSC and subcontractors. Eventually, enterprises¡Boutsourcing employees and subcontractors can get the best of benefits from each other. This research applies the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to conduct interviews from experts and questionnaires survey. It was capable to be calculated the key performance factors weight for the references of the performance evaluation standard. Furthermore, the key points of recognition of maintenance performances from supervisors were analyzed the weight differentiations of sections¡Bpositions¡Bfield experiences from the EXCEL statistic program. The final conclusions were: 1 The priority to weight Key Performance Indexes of mechanical maintenance on main hierarchy structure are management of manpower(0.346), equipment maintenance(0.27), preparation of material(0.148), working environment(0.122) , working method planning(0.113)¡C 2 The top 80 % of KPI¡¦s weight include 14 items listed as below: 2.1 promotion of reliability of equipment maintenance. 2.2 reduce the rate of resignation. 2.3 promotion of numbers of qualified for the testing of technical and operation licenses. 2.4 decreasing the waiting time of materials during the repair period. 2.5 increase periodical training hours. 2.6 elevate the level of education. 2.7 reduce accident occurring rate. 2.8 reduce the times of safety working accidents 2.9 reduce the trouble shooting time. 2.10 raise the rate of presence. 2.11 reduce the break down hours of equipments. 2.12 reduce the numbers of break down equipment. 2.13 raise amounts of equipment improvement proposals. 2.14 raise amounts of operation method improvement proposals. 3 From the individual survey analysis, it shows that there are obvious differentiation related to the management of manpower¡Bequipment maintenance¡Bworking environment. 4 Based on different sections perspectives, it shows that even though most of the sections are consistent, but having diverse recognition were found. It means that only a slice difference can be observed overall. 5 Based on different positions perspectives, it shows that different levels of authority are consistent in top two KPI indexes on main structure. the others indexes have slice differences. 6 Based on different experienced perspectives, it shows that reverse result occurred between veterans and people who are not experienced for long time of work, and the former focus on the management of manpower; the latter focus on equipment maintenance.

In recent years, due to the influence of international energy supply and demand change, the request of carbon reducing lead by the climatic change, and the security issue from Japanese nucleus accident, push us have to develop multi-type power units; These results carries the power generation ways not only depend on the nuclear power, the coal-fire, the fuel oil or the hydrualic power, but also distribute partial demand to the gas turbine with combined cycle, the wind power, the solar energy and so on. If power plants have still to maintain high quality to produce and reduce the cost, its method of management also adjust to meet. The lean production is a famous way study and compile by many experts from the Toyota-type production which becomes the business model to enterprise, it emphasis that keep people to improve and the continue flow oriented , is precisely study model which the power plant management most needs now. This research is take a diversity power plant as the research case, by visits and measures that in the power plant each kind of experts. The lean production will induct the power plant production management to the lean production management concept's cognition and the inquisition, the attempt seeks improves the power plant management achievements the important key success factor, and the construction leaves the fine solid management mechanism. After collects various experts' questionnaire material, by the AHP level analysis method, the induction research obtains the following conclusion, First, the power generation process is real pull system, the demand carries by the customer (household power user) - the contribution center (to represent) proposed that initiates a serial electric power generation processes. Second, If considering the cost and quality factors with understanding and research of the operation, maintenance, manages experts , we get that the lean production way is truly suitable to fulfill in the power plant generation process, it¡¦s key point : 1.Should devote in formulate the work flow standardization, strengthens ability of the operators and maintain steady supply of fuel, find the good maintenance procedure, keep the production to be smooth. 2.Should participate in the improvement activity diligently including operator's all personnel, as well as promotes the power plant business to ability of the unit performance analysis, understood the characteristic of each production process, pursues the highest efficiency, expect to reduce the cost, and goal the quality promotion. 3.After the experts¡¦ decision-making process, we can involve the essential factor of lean production to be the management construction of power plant, but the case power plant has initially had the essence solid state. Key words: Lean production, the Toyota-type production, pull system , AHP, the standardization

Medical examination is the use of modern physical and chemical methods, laboratory technology, medical equipment for clinical diagnosis and treatment, provide a reference. In vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) known as the medical testing equipment in addition to early and accurate diagnosis, as well as effective monitoring of patient treatment. "Medical Technology" is a very professional industry knowledge and application of the medical laboratory is through the manufacturers to develop transferred to the medical practitioners, industrial and information technology improved rapidly in recent years, resulting in the medical inspection of product innovation; as knowledge economy era, the diversification of customer needs, business risk increases, more intense market competition, companies want to stand out in a competitive environment, it is necessary to construct their own core competence in order to create competitive advantage. Operators to think about how to find, identify the core competitiveness of the way, helping the enterprise training, consolidation, application and conversion of the core competitiveness in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantage. In this study, on the one hand through literature, to understand the definition of the core competence, type and resolution; the other hand, the AHP method, defined in accordance with the core competence of literature, characteristics, and characteristics of the industry of medical testing equipment industry made the questionnaire,expert questionnaire, and a successful visit to the case of high-end decision-making management of mid-level management and senior grassroots cadres of 20 experts, to discuss the company's core competence of medical testing equipment. According to the results: the core competence of the medical testing equipment industry in order (1) after-sales service, (2) professional and executive power, (3) high-end quality of decision making, (4) Product Marketing, (5) Management capabilities, (6) network capacity, (7) human Resource Management, (8) product competence, (9) organizational culture, (10) logistics Management, (11) Brand / goodwill (12) market coverage.

If ¡§People¡¨ are the most important source of an enterprise, undoubtedly, the most important asset of hotel industry is its working staffs. The measurement of asset requires a perfect internal management system to operate it normally, in which an important management tool is to apply the system of performance management, which could introduce the operation of performance appraisal correctly and effectively, and to develop HR asset of hotel industry higher and have more competition value. This research starts from the discussion of literature theory and the expert interview of hotel industry, and then uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to design questionnaire and makes questionnaire survey. It is expected to extract the important perspectives of performance appraisal of room attendant in hotel from the investigated statistic data, and then develop standards for performance appraisal. Finally is to collect performance appraisal indicator of hotel room attendant and the weight of each indicator, and propose to hotel industry as reference. This research established the framework and weight of performance appraisal indicator of room attendant in hotel industry, and discovered that the priorities of the second hierarchy level indicator of the performance appraisal of room attendant in hotel industry in turns are work result, behavior feature and personal feature; in which the work result almost made up half of the total weight. Therefore, it could be seen that work result is the most important one in the performance appraisal of room attendant in hotel industry; in particular, for the service oriented hotel industry, the work result presented by staffs is the critical factor to evaluate whether the working staffs offer the service quality comply with the requirements of the company or not.

The hospitality industry is a service industry of multiple arts. Despite the various scales of hotels, they all aim at the same goal ¡V to provide various services to satisfy the demands of the public in the aspects of food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and entertainment. ¡§Human¡¨ is the most important resource of the hospitality industry, and the master of utilizing and manipulating other resources in this industry. But in practice, the performance of ¡§human¡¨ is volatile and unstable, so it is hard for managers to persistently maintain the service standard for a long term. In other words, in the service industries such as hotels, the improvement of service quality hinges on the management of employees¡¦ behaviors before they interact with clients. Thus, if performance management can be properly implemented, the employees can understand the correct service indices and provide satisfactory services to the clients. However, whether an enterprise has reasonable performance management indices and systems, the evaluation result and effectiveness are closely correlated. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a reference standard that the hospitality industry could use to evaluate their reception clerks and the clerks could use the evaluation model as a goal they work for, in hope of enhancing the competitiveness of the both parties. In the procedure of the research, the first stage was based on literature reviews to organize and analyze the performance indices for evaluating reception clerks in the hospitality industry. In the second stage, an interview with professional managers of the industry was conducted to verify the indices and hierarchy levels. At last, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to derive the weight of indices for evaluating the reception clerks and establish a performance evaluation model for reception clerks in the hospitality industry. In terms of the derived weights, among the 3 constructs, ¡§work achievement¡¨ had the highest weight ratio, taking up as high as 42%. As a result, the property of a hotel reception clerk¡¦s work heavily relied on work achievement. According to the service characteristics of the hospitality industry, as the reception clerks were the most front personnel to contact and serve clients, their service quality, professional ability, problem-solving ability, and etc. would be promptly presented to the clients and represent the company in clients¡¦ first impression. So they were of high importance. This study also verified the application of the study results to the practice. Thus, in addition to building a ¡§Reception Clerk Performance Evaluation Scale¡¨ with derived indices and weights, the researcher also sought the assistance of managers of a hotel to conduct the empirical study. The results also showed that the study was in accordance with the current situation and could be practically applied to the industry. And in the survey, it was found that performance evaluation systems were not prevalent among the surveyed hotels. Less than 30% of the hotels implemented the evaluation system. Thus, if performance appraisal operations could be effectively implemented in the industry to reinforce management and motivate employees, it was believed that the overall business performance could be enhanced and the competitiveness of the industry could be strengthened too.

Avian Influenza (AI) has made hundreds of people dead in Europe. The hospital system of Taiwan, standing in the first line of prevention and treatment, has to effectively employ the experience of SARS in order to tackle the new serious challenge of AI. Though Taiwan is not yet an epidemic area of AI, it is important for us to be well prepared to confront it. Given that prevention is more important than treatment. It is essential that we try our best to build up an efficiently preventive system for AI. This study aims to investigate what is most important and critical in the preventive system. More specifically, what is a priority to do in such a preventive system, especially in a limited condition of budgets and human resources? According to the five stages of crisis management proposed by Mitroff (1988) (see page 35), the current study focuses mainly on operations in the second stage, preparation and prevention of crisis. In terms of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it designs a questionnaire to systematically interview 12 doctors. Since four of them are outliers when the consistency test is considered, results are based primarily on the opinions of the remaining 8 doctors. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Before the crisis comes, both ¡§the training of doctors and nurses¡¨ (weighted value = 0.3195) and ¡§the regularization of preventive process¡¨ (weighted value = 0.2978) are most important. 2. The regularization of preventive process (weighted value = 0.3066) is most economic in the limited condition of budgets that is available to the preventive operations. Accordingly, it is a best way to regularize the individual operations and spread the concept of the regularization. 3. The training of doctors and nurses (weighted value = 0.3513) is most important in the limited condition of human resources, that recently appears gradual reduction among hospitals. That is, by means of rehearsal of related operations and of training courses, the crew in a hospital can have an understanding of AI spreading in a short period of time. 4. In consideration of hard equipments, the doctors to be questioned hold similar opinions, as mentioned above. Apparently, the mastery of various preventive operations in the preventive system plays a critical role in that whether the AI crisis will continue to develop. 5. Only in consideration of the effects of prevention, the training of doctors and nurses is also most important. In conclusion, the experts all think that the training of doctors and nurses is a priority, regardless of in what conditions. The findings of the study hope to provide references for other hospitals by manifesting the order of the importance of different preventive operations in the preventive system.

¡§Research and Development¡¨ possess three major characteristics: (1) Lots of uncertainty will be encountered during the process of R&D; (2) Required for a certain of expenses and manpower; (3) Long pay back time; Therefore, the decision-making of R&D could be very complicated with far-reaching influence. Nevertheless, once the decision maker made an incorrect decision, it may cause lots of consequences that can't be remedied. For this reason, the key subject of this paper is to construct a decision-making model to help the decision maker to make RD decisions. While making the decisions of RD projects, its decision making environment is often: (1) subjective (2) quantized (3) group participated , or (4) uncertain, Therefore, this paper use T.L.SAATY¡¦s AHP-ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS to build a decision-making model for the equipment R&D project. The DM model use L- Company¡¦s ¡§R&D Planning Project¡¨ as an example. Analysis of characteristic and construction of Hierarchies Structure will be carried out to determine evaluating items of each hierachy and the relation of each hierachy. Moreover, the analysis will be correctly in accordance with AHP¡¦s evaluation scaling to make the Pair wise Comparison and get the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector, to achieve the priority for decision making of L- Company¡¦s ¡§Equipment R&D Project¡¨, In the end, an AHP evaluation model was build to reinforce the quality and efficiency of decision making for Equipment RD and it¡¦s another field of AHP application.

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