Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1964. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1976. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 487-499.

This dissertation is an examination of US-Guatemalan relations during the 1960's. At that time, the United States was promoting a major developmental program throughout Latin America: The Alliance for Progress. A "Marshall Plan for Latin America" the Alliance was meant to modernize the region by promoting democratic institutions, invigorating local economies, and expanding access to education and medical care. In Guatemala, however, anticommunist dogma prevailed over the lofty rhetoric of the Alliance for Progress. Instead of becoming the promised "showcase for democracy", Guatemala was transformed into a garrison-state engulfed in a long, violent civil war. This history will reconstruct these events and explain how even policies crafted with the best of intentions can end in tragedy.

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This dissertation provides a detailed examination of the influence of Thomas Clifton Mann on the Latin American policy of the United States of America. A Foreign Service Officer from 1942, Mann eventually rose to the position of Undersecretary of State for Economic Affairs, and was President Lyndon Johnson’s most valued adviser on inter-American policy until his retirement from government service in May 1966. Commonly portrayed as highly conservative, insensitive to Latin American needs, and opposed to U.S. aid programs, Mann was a far more complex character than his critics have allowed. During the Eisenhower administration Mann’s influence was vital in reorienting policy priorities in Washington, emphasising the need for price stabilisation measures and limited development aid. During the Kennedy administration he opposed the Bay of Pigs invasion, before serving as Ambassador to Mexico where he successfully resolved the nation’s longest running border dispute. Most influential under Lyndon Johnson, Mann sought to place U.S. policy on a stable and sustainable path, reining in unrealistic expectations while fending off attacks from fiscal conservatives opposed to aid measures of any kind. In studying Mann’s career, much is revealed regarding the nature of U.S.-Latin American relations during a crucial period of history. While U.S. goals remained largely consistent, the nature of the challenges faced and the tactics used to counter them did not. Mann’s career saw the Cold War come to Latin America, and was met with both aid and military intervention, often in the form of counterinsurgency training and operations. Mann’s role in developing those polices reveals the contrasts and, more often, consistencies between the administrations he served, and undermines claims that the transition from Kennedy to Johnson witnessed a radical policy overhaul. Studying Mann’s career also illuminates divisive internal debates over the nature and meaning of inter-American relations, and the role and influence of an individual within Washington’s policymaking bureaucracy.

This thesis presents a critical evaluation of the Alliance for Progress. Particular emphasis is placed on the main difficulties and failures that the Alliance has had during its first years of existence. However, certain specific advances occurring during this first period of the Alliance deserve mention. Attention is given to the relationships between economic assistance and economic growth, and to the reasons for the failure of the Alliance. The first part of the thesis gives the adequate background for a better understanding of the second part, which makes a severe examination of the accomplishments of the Alliance. / Master of Arts

O objetivo central desta dissertação é definir o que o projeto da Aliança para o Progresso representou para o governo norte-americano, por que razões ele foi proposto e que papel que os Estados Unidos esperavam que o programa viesse a desempenhar ao ser implementado no Brasil, entre os anos de 1961 e 1964. Pretende-se estudar a Aliança para o Progresso levando-se em consideração a política externa norte-americana como um todo. A partir disso, é possível concluir que a Aliança para o Progresso desempenhou uma clara função ideológica enquanto um instrumento de luta contra o comunismo na América Latina. Para cumprir este objetivo, o presente estudo está dividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro deles, serão consideradas as ações de propaganda de combate ao comunismo em geral. No segundo capítulo, a implementação de ações de propaganda ligadas especificamente à Aliança para o Progresso. Logo após, será analisado o processo de aparelhamento e de apoio à expansão das forças policiais brasileiras e sua relação com a Aliança para o Progresso. No último capítulo, serão examinadas as abordagens do governo norte-americano em relação ao Brasil a partir da Aliança para o Progresso. / The goal of this dissertation is to define what the Alliance for Progress project represented to the North American government, for which reasons it has been proposed and what was the expected role that the program would play in Brazil, between 1961 and 1964. It is intended to study the Alliance for Progress taking in account the foreign policy of United States as a whole. Hence, it is possible to conclude that the Alliance for Progress played a clear ideological function as an instrument of struggle for combating communism in Latin America. In order to fulfill this objective, this study is divided into four chapters. The first of them consider the actions of propaganda to combat communism in general. The second chapter, the implementation of actions of propaganda linked specifically to the Alliance for Progress. The third chapter will examine the US programs of supporting police forces in Brazil and its relations with the Alliance for Progress. The last chapter will examine the political approach of the U.S. government to the Brazilian government from Alliance for Progress prospective.

O objetivo central desta dissertação é definir o que o projeto da Aliança para o Progresso representou para o governo norte-americano, por que razões ele foi proposto e que papel que os Estados Unidos esperavam que o programa viesse a desempenhar ao ser implementado no Brasil, entre os anos de 1961 e 1964. Pretende-se estudar a Aliança para o Progresso levando-se em consideração a política externa norte-americana como um todo. A partir disso, é possível concluir que a Aliança para o Progresso desempenhou uma clara função ideológica enquanto um instrumento de luta contra o comunismo na América Latina. Para cumprir este objetivo, o presente estudo está dividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro deles, serão consideradas as ações de propaganda de combate ao comunismo em geral. No segundo capítulo, a implementação de ações de propaganda ligadas especificamente à Aliança para o Progresso. Logo após, será analisado o processo de aparelhamento e de apoio à expansão das forças policiais brasileiras e sua relação com a Aliança para o Progresso. No último capítulo, serão examinadas as abordagens do governo norte-americano em relação ao Brasil a partir da Aliança para o Progresso. / The goal of this dissertation is to define what the Alliance for Progress project represented to the North American government, for which reasons it has been proposed and what was the expected role that the program would play in Brazil, between 1961 and 1964. It is intended to study the Alliance for Progress taking in account the foreign policy of United States as a whole. Hence, it is possible to conclude that the Alliance for Progress played a clear ideological function as an instrument of struggle for combating communism in Latin America. In order to fulfill this objective, this study is divided into four chapters. The first of them consider the actions of propaganda to combat communism in general. The second chapter, the implementation of actions of propaganda linked specifically to the Alliance for Progress. The third chapter will examine the US programs of supporting police forces in Brazil and its relations with the Alliance for Progress. The last chapter will examine the political approach of the U.S. government to the Brazilian government from Alliance for Progress prospective.

O objetivo central desta dissertação é definir o que o projeto da Aliança para o Progresso representou para o governo norte-americano, por que razões ele foi proposto e que papel que os Estados Unidos esperavam que o programa viesse a desempenhar ao ser implementado no Brasil, entre os anos de 1961 e 1964. Pretende-se estudar a Aliança para o Progresso levando-se em consideração a política externa norte-americana como um todo. A partir disso, é possível concluir que a Aliança para o Progresso desempenhou uma clara função ideológica enquanto um instrumento de luta contra o comunismo na América Latina. Para cumprir este objetivo, o presente estudo está dividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro deles, serão consideradas as ações de propaganda de combate ao comunismo em geral. No segundo capítulo, a implementação de ações de propaganda ligadas especificamente à Aliança para o Progresso. Logo após, será analisado o processo de aparelhamento e de apoio à expansão das forças policiais brasileiras e sua relação com a Aliança para o Progresso. No último capítulo, serão examinadas as abordagens do governo norte-americano em relação ao Brasil a partir da Aliança para o Progresso. / The goal of this dissertation is to define what the Alliance for Progress project represented to the North American government, for which reasons it has been proposed and what was the expected role that the program would play in Brazil, between 1961 and 1964. It is intended to study the Alliance for Progress taking in account the foreign policy of United States as a whole. Hence, it is possible to conclude that the Alliance for Progress played a clear ideological function as an instrument of struggle for combating communism in Latin America. In order to fulfill this objective, this study is divided into four chapters. The first of them consider the actions of propaganda to combat communism in general. The second chapter, the implementation of actions of propaganda linked specifically to the Alliance for Progress. The third chapter will examine the US programs of supporting police forces in Brazil and its relations with the Alliance for Progress. The last chapter will examine the political approach of the U.S. government to the Brazilian government from Alliance for Progress prospective.

No description available.