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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparison of three estrus detection systems during summer heat stress in a large commercial dairy herd

Peralta, Oscar A. 24 September 2003 (has links)
The objective of the study was to compare three systems for detection of estrus and combinations of these systems on a large commercial dairy (1000 lactating cows) during stress of summer heat. At 37 to 45 days in milk (DIM), 266 cows were fitted with a HeatWatch (HW) device (HeatWatch; DDx Inc., Boulder, CO), an activity (A) sensor (ALPRO; DeLaval Inc., Kansas City, MO), and observed visually (V) twice daily. Pregnancy status was determined by uterine palpation 35 to 49 d following artificial insemination (AI). The effects of DIM, parity, physical activity, standing events, months, AI technician, and interval between onset of estrus and AI on conception rate were determined using linear contrasts and logistic regression. Efficiencies for detection of estrus, determined by comparing detected periods of estrus with a theoretical total of 707 periods, were 45.8% (V), 33.2% (A), 40.3% (HW), and 71.6% for all three systems simultaneously. Conception rates (LSM ± SE) by method of detection were 16.7 ± 4.9 for HW, 19.8 ± 5.5 for A, 7.9 ± 3.4 for V, 16.3 ± 6.0 for V + A, 27.6 ± 4.6 for V + HW, 21.1 ± 4.9 for A + HW, and 21.9 ± 4.5 for V + A + HW. Conception rate and number of mounts decreased for cows in first versus second and third parity (P < 0.05). For periods of estrus detected by A, the lowest conception rate (P < 0.05) occurred >18 h after the onset of estrus (16.7 ± 7.9). The highest conception rate occurred with the combination of V + HW, which confirms the premise that combination of multiple systems enhances both the efficiency and accuracy of detection. / Master of Science
2

Matbutikers hantering av mjölk och mjölksubstitut; spill och försäljningsstrategi / Milk and milk substitutes in supermarkets; food waste handling and sales strategies

Bratt Forss, Camilla, Strömberg, Karolina January 2018 (has links)
I dagsläget överproduceras och överkonsumeras mat, samtidigt slängs 30% av all mat som produceras i världen. Matproduktionen står för en stor del av världens miljöbelastning; främst genom animaliska produkter såsom kött och mejeriprodukter, och därför har ämnet blivit mycket omtalat. I samband med denna debatt har mjölksubstitut introducerats på marknaden. Målet med arbetet var att undersöka hur matbutiker i Stockholm arbetar med svinn och försäljning av mjölk och mjölksubstitut. En jämförelse gjordes mellan Arla Mellanmjölk, Alpro Soya och Alpro Mandeldryck. Datainsamlingsmetoden gjordes dels i kvantitativt format där siffror över försäljning och svinn samlades in, men även i kvalitativt format, i form av intervjuer med sex utvalda matbutiker. Det visade sig att svinnet för Arla Mellanmjölk, Alpro Soya och Alpro Mandeldryck var minimalt med anledning att det alltid finns efterfrågan på dessa produkter och att matbutikerna aktivt arbetar för att hålla svinnet lågt. Detta görs genom att ha ett välkalibrerat automatiskt beställningssystem som tar hand om majoriteten av butikens beställningar in, ha bra kylar i butiken, samt att regelbundet inventera butiken. De produkter som undersöktes ansågs inte behöva exponeras på något speciellt vis då de är basvaror som i princip säljer sig själva. Det är snarare ett problem att mjölksubstituten tar slut från centrallagret emellanåt när efterfrågan blir för stor. Matbutikernas primära mål är att driva ett lönsamt företag och ansträngningarna som görs sker på grund av ekonomiska fördelar. Likväl, även om minskat svinn görs med anledning att inte gå i förlust ekonomiskt blir utfallet detsamma och till fördel för miljön. Konsumenterna verkar tillsynes vara de som har mest makt i att förändra hur matbutikernas verksamhet bedrivs. Genom att välja mjölksubstitut framför mjölk kommer följaktligen miljöbelastningen från mjölkproduktionen att minska. / The food production and consumption today are excessive, while 30% of all produced food in the world goes to waste. Food production has a significant effect on the environment; primarily through animalistic products such as meat and dairy food, it is, therefore, a much-disputed subject. Milk alternatives have, as a reaction to this, been introduced on the market. This project aimed to examine how grocery stores in Stockholm handle food waste and sales of milk and milk alternatives. A comparison was made between Arla semi-skimmed milk, Alpro Soya and Alpro Almond. The data collection methods were both quantitively, as numbers of sales and waste were collected, but also qualitative, with interviews with six selected grocery stores. The food waste for Arla semi-skimmed milk, Alpro Soya and Alpro Almond was minimal as a result of constant demand for these products, and also the grocery stores active work to prevent food waste. This is accomplished through a well calibrated automatic ordering system that controls the majority of the store's orders. Additionally, new refrigerators and continuous inventory are also methods used to minimize the food waste. The grocery stores felt no reason to expose the selected products in any particular way since they are already well-known and gets sold without any effort. It is rather an issue that the demand for the milk substitutes is too high and the central warehouse has no supply. The grocery stores' primary goal is to conduct a profitable business, and when the stores put in an effort, the objective is the economic benefits. Nonetheless, even though the reduced food waste is a product of the grocery stores effort to minimize unnecessary economic losses, the outcome will be the same; a benefit for the environment. The consumers seem to have the most influence on how grocery stores conduct their businesses. By choosing a milk substitute over regular milk, the environmental impact from the production of milk will be reduced.

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