В выпускной квалификационной работе описываются основные пути реконструкции систем теплоснабжения, позволяющие добиться значительного повышения их энергоэффективности, а именно переход котельной на альтернативное топливо с целью повышения энергоэффективности, снижения экономических и экологических потерь. Целью работы является поиск и формулирование основных проблем реконструкции систем теплоснабжения, развитие технологического процесса перевода котельной на альтернативное топливо, проведение энергетического и экономического обоснования предлагаемой замены. Были изучены отечественные и зарубежные публикации по проблемам реконструкции систем теплоснабжения для повышения их энергоэффективности. Приведено обоснование необходимости перевода котельной на альтернативное и экологически чистое топливо, на основе оценки основного и вспомогательного оборудования котельной, а также экологического благополучия территории, прилегающей к котельной. Разработан технологический процесс перевода котельной на альтернативное и экологически безопасное топливо, выявлена и доказана необходимость модернизации оборудования для использования альтернативного топлива. Были определены существующие методы модернизации котла, работающего на угле для альтернативного и экологически чистого топлива. Выполнено экономическое обоснование предлагаемой замены. / This final qualifying work describes the main ways of reconstruction of heat supply systems, allowing achieving a significant increase in the energy efficiency of these systems, namely the transfer of the boiler to alternative fuel in order to improve energy efficiency, reduce economic and environmental losses. The purpose of the work is to consider and formulate the main problems of reconstruction of heat supply systems, development of the technological process of transferring the boiler house to alternative fuel, implementation of energy and economic justification of the proposed replacement. Domestic and foreign publications on the problems of reconstruction of heat supply systems in order to improve their energy efficiency were studied. The substantiation and relevance of the transfer of the boiler house to alternative and environmentally friendly fuel was discussed, for which the assessment of the main and auxiliary equipment of the boiler house, as well as the ecological well-being of the territory adjacent to the boiler house. The technological process of transfer of a boiler room to alternative and environmentally friendly fuel was developed, need of modernization of the equipment for use of pellet fuel is revealed and proved. The existing methods of modernization of the boiler unit operating on coal for alternative and environmentally friendly fuel were identified. Economic justification of the proposed replacement was done.

<p>This dissertation focused on the development of mass spectrometric methodologies, separation techniques, and engineered devices for the optimal analysis of complex mixtures relevant to the energy sector, such as alternative fuels, petroleum-based fuels, crude oils, and processed base oils. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely recognized as a powerful tool for the analysis of complex mixtures. In complex energy samples, such as petroleum-based fuels, alternative fuels, and oils, high-resolution MS alone may not be sufficient to elucidate chemical composition information. Separation before MS analysis is often necessary for such highly complex energy samples. For volatile samples, in-line two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) can be used to separate complex mixtures prior to ionization. This technique allows for a more accurate determination of the compounds in a mixture, by simplifying the mixture into its components prior to ionization, separation based on mass-to-charge ratio (<i>m/z</i>), and detection. A GC×GC coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight MS was utilized in this research to determine the chemical composition of alternative aviation fuels, a petroleum-based aviation fuel, and alternative aviation fuel candidates and blending components as well as processed base oils.</p> Additionally, as the cutting edge of science and technology evolve, methods and equipment must be updated and adapted for new samples or new sector demands. One such case, explored in this dissertation, was the validation of an updated standardized method, ASTM D2425 2019. This updated standardized method was investigated for a new instrument and new sample type for a quadrupole MS to analyze a renewable aviation fuel. Lastly, the development and evaluation of a miniaturized coreflood device for analyzing candidate chemically enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) formulations of brine, surfactant(s), and polymer(s) was conducted. The miniaturized device was used in the evaluation of two different cEOR formulations to determine if the components of the recovered oil changed.

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