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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Ajustes fisiológicos ao ambiente costeiro marinho em Thoropa taophora (Anura, Cycloramphidae) / Physiological adjustments to the coastal marine environment in Thoropa taophora (Anura, Cycloramphidae)

Faravelli, Inés da Rosa 10 August 2015 (has links)
Os anfíbios são organismos típicos dos ambientes de água doce e com vários representantes de hábitos terrestres e estão caracterizados por uma elevada permeabilidade da pele. Este atributo faz com que tanto no sistema aquático quanto no terrestre o fluxo de água através da pele seja considerado uma característica relevante. Nos ambientes aquáticos os animais ganham água como resultado do gradiente osmótico entre o animal e o meio, e o excesso de água é eliminado pelo sistema excretor através da produção de urina. Em meios com elevada salinidade os animais perdem água, portanto são susceptíveis de desidratação. Um dos efeitos negativos da desidratação é o aumento da concentração dos fluidos corporais dado o efeito desnaturante dos íons sobre as proteínas. O aumento da concentração também pode responder a entrada dos íons devido ao gradiente de concentração desses osmólitos entre o meio e o animal. Estes efeitos sobre os anfíbios fazem parte das explicações do por que estes organismos estão menos representados nos ambientes costeiros marinhos do que em outros ambientes. Porém, há um número elevado de espécies que usam este ambiente e pouco se sabe como se ajustam aos efeitos da elevada salinidade ambiental. Ao mesmo tempo, dado que o ambiente costeiro está caracterizado pela maresia assim como pelos ventos que vem do mar, os indivíduos que ocupam esta região também estariam expostos a perdas de água por evaporação que poderiam implicar riscos de desidratação. Relacionado com a perda de água por evaporação, a resistência cutânea é uns dos atributos que mostra variação entre as espécies, sendo mais elevada naquelas que por seus hábitos e as características dos ambientes que ocupam são propensas a perder água por evaporação e correr com o risco de desidratação. As taxas de desidratação também mostram variação entre espécies e populações com taxas mais baixas naqueles organismos que ocupam ambientes que promovem a perda de água por evaporação. Também existem evidências que indicam que as taxas de hidratação são mais elevadas nos indivíduos que ocupam ambientes ou que apresentam hábitos que facilitam a perda de água por evaporação do que os que ocupam ambientes úmidos ou têm hábitos aquáticos. Thoropa taophora é um bom modelo para avaliar se a tolerância à salinidade, resistência cutânea e as taxas de desidratação e hidratação fazem parte das vias de ajuste ao ambiente costeiro porque ocupa os costões rochosos da costa marinha do Litoral do Estado de São Paulo e regiões rochosas associadas a cachoeiras afastadas da costa em ambiente de Mata Atlântica. Através da comparação de uma população costeira localizada na região de Ubatuba e uma não costeira localizada na região de Picinguaba abordamos esses fatores. Como resultados gerias do presente trabalho podemos dizer que a população costeira não apresenta tolerância à salinidade comparável ao do grupo de espécies mais tolerantes à salinidade representadas por Fejervarya cancrivora, Xenopus laevis e Bufote viridis. Pelo contrário parece se tolerar níveis de salinidade similar à mais frequentemente reportadas para os anfíbios. Também não apresentou resistência cutânea por encima dos valores mais frequentes registrados na literatura. Por outro lado, detectamos que a tolerância à salinidade, a taxa de desidratação e taxa de hidratação fariam parte do ajuste a este tipo de ambiente. Neste sentido encontramos maior tolerância à salinidade, menor taxa de desidratação e maior taxa de hidratação nos indivíduos da população de Ubatuba do que nos de Picinguaba. Os resultados sugerem que a tolerância à salinidade e a taxa de desidratação estariam relacionados, o que permitiria elaborar hipóteses sobre outros ambientes que possam exibir variação na salinidade, como acontece com a salinização de corpos de água como consequências de práticas agrícolas, e variação na umidade do ambiente como consequência das variações do clima / Amphibians are typically found in freshwater environments and include various species of terrestrial habits all characterized by having a high skin permeability. In both terrestrial and aquatic environments, this attribute makes the water flow through the skin a featured system worth to be studied. In aquatic environments animals gain water as a result of the osmotic gradient between the animal and the environment, and the excess water is eliminated through the excretory system as urine. In environments where the salinity is high, animals lose considerable volumes of water which may lead to dehydration. One of the negative effects of dehydration is the raise of the osmotic concentration of body fluids due to the denaturing effect of the ions on the proteins. The increased concentration may also take place by the entrance of ions into the body, following the osmotic gradient between the medium and the animal. For these reasons, amphibians are seldom found in coastal marine environments. However, there are a large number of species that inhabit coastal areas and little is known about the physiological adjustments associated to the high environmental salinity. The skin resistance is one of the traits that show variation among species, being higher in those who inhabit environments where the risk of dehydration is higher. Dehydration rates also show variation among and within species with lower rates in those organisms which occupy environments that promote water loss by evaporation. The hydration rates of the organisms occupying such environments, or species whose habits facilitate the loss of water by evaporation, are higher than in those animals inhabiting humid environments or that are not exposed to this type stress. Thoropa taophora is a good model to evaluate if salt tolerance, skin resistance, and dehydration and hydration rates are part of the adjustments to coastal environment as it occupies the rocky marine coast of São Paulo and rocky outcrops associated with the waterfalls in the Atlantic Forest biome. We address these questions by comparing a coastal population located in the Ubatuba region and an inland population in the Picinguaba region. The results suggest that the coastal population has no extraordinary attributes associated to salinity tolerance in comparison with other coastal species such as Xenopus laevis and Bufote viridis. The values for skin resistance did not exceeded the once reported in the literature either. An increase of the tolerance to salinity, and lower dehydration and hydration rates were found in the individuals from Ubatuba than in the specimens from Picinguaba which suggests that tolerance to salinity, and dehydration and hydration rates may represent adjustments to different environments. Tolerance to salinity and dehydration rate appeared to be related, which could allow to draw assumptions on populations inhabiting other environments that may exhibit variations in salinity as a consequence of anthropogenic activities or climate change
272

Patologia comparada de infecções selecionadas de anfíbios anuros de vida livre do bioma da Mata Atlântica: estudo prospectivo / Comparative pathology of selected infections of free living anuran amphibians from the Atlantic Forest biome: prospective study

Catia Dejuste de Paula 03 August 2011 (has links)
Os anfíbios apresentaram um severo declínio de suas populações nas últimas décadas. Dentre as diversas causas dos declínios estão as doenças infecciosas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de enfermidades selecionadas que podem acometer estes animais na Mata Atlântica brasileira, e, desta forma, contribuir para a melhor compreensão das conseqüências destas enfermidades para a conservação dos anfíbios em nosso meio. Foram coletados 120 animais da Estação Biológica da Boracéia e realizaram-se exames necroscópicos, histopatológicos, microbiológicos, parasitológicos e PCR convencional para Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis em grande parte dos animais. Coletou-se 33 espécies diferentes pertencentes a sete famílias diferentes. Encontrou-se, no exame necroscópico, endoparasitas em 45,8% (55/120) dos espécimes examinados e ectoparasita (sanguessuga) em um espécime. Do total de animais analisados para Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, 19,1% (22/115) foram positivos para Bd. O exame necroscópico assim como o histopatologicos da grande maioria dos animais estudados não exibiu alterações relevantes, sendo que os sistemas mais acometidos foram o digestório e tegumentar seguidos pelos urinário e linfóide. A somatória dos resultados aqui exibidos sugere que, nas condições específicas deste trabalho, os agentes identificados não induziram processos patológicos relevantes, sinalizando uma relação hospedeiro x parasita simétrica. Porém, face ao frágil equilíbrio existente no ambiente da Mata Atlântica e a suscetibilidade dos anfíbios às mudanças dos ecossistemas, cremos que monitoramentos de longo prazo sejam necessários para que se possa acompanhar, com alguma margem de segurança, a evolução desta delicada relação. / Amphibians suffered a severe decline of their populations in recent decades. Among the various causes of the declines are infectious diseases. The present work aims to study the occurrence of selected diseases that can affect these animals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and thus contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of these diseases for the conservation of these animals. We collected 120 animals from the Biological Station of Boracéia and performed necropsy, histopathology, microbiology, parasitology and conventional PCR for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis exams in most animals. We collected 33 different species belonging to seven different families. It was found at necropsy, endoparasites in 45.8% (55/120) of specimens examined and an ectoparasite in only one specimen. Of the total number of animals analyzed for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, 19.1% (22/115) were positive for this fungus. The necropsy and histopathological exams from the vast majority of animals studied did not show significant changes. The most affected systems were the digestive and integumentary followed by the lymphoid and urinary. The results shown in this work suggests that the infections agents did not induce relevant pathological processes in the specific conditions of this research. However, given the fragile balance of the Atlantic Forest and the susceptibility of amphibians to ecosystem change, we believe that long-term monitoring is needed to follow with some safety margin, the evolution of this delicate relationship.
273

Análise comparativa da morfologia externa, morfologia oral interna, condrocrânio e aparelho hiobranquial de larvas do gênero Elachistocleis Parker 1927 (Anura, Microhylidae) / Comparative analysis of external morphology, internal buccal morphology, chondrocranium and hiobranquial of the genus larvae Elachistocleis Parker 1927 (Anura, Microhylidae)

Ferreira, Johnny Sousa 15 January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-19T18:44:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JohnnyFerreira.pdf: 1283081 bytes, checksum: 98fe6a56616d65f263682d6189f0c95c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T18:44:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JohnnyFerreira.pdf: 1283081 bytes, checksum: 98fe6a56616d65f263682d6189f0c95c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-15 / The gender Elachistocleis Parker in 1927 consists of 17 species , and of these, seven have the external morphology described and two have the internal oral morphology and the chondrocranium of its larvae described. Lack of descriptive works that contribute to the knowledge of the tadpoles of Elachistocleis is the justification of this work. Therefore, the goal of this work was to characterize the external morphology, internal oral morphology, chondrocranium and hiobranquial apparatus of tadpoles of Elachistocleis, comparing them with each other and with other species described in the literature. We used E. bumbameuboi, E. cf. piauiensis, E. cesarii and E. bicolor between 31-39 of Gosner stage . The external morphology of Elachistocleis is conservative in many aspects. Differences found were: Body format in dorsal view; edge of dermal flaps; snout edge in dorsal view; emergency angle of the dorsal fin in the body; lateral line visible or not; pustules pattern on the posterior region of the median ridge; pronunciation of the projection in the anterior medial margin of the suprarostral corpus; posterior margin of the suprarostral alae in W-shaped or not; ventral margin of the fenestra in the occipital region slightly or clearly wavy; presence of fenestra hypophyseos; margin of the thin process in the articular process; Presence of finger-like expansions in the ventrolateral process; shape and inclinatione of the subocular fenestra; subótico process single or slightly bifid; inclination of the anterolateral process. The comparative study corroborates with most of the characteristics observed in descriptive works published for the gender Elachistocleis and for other species of Microhylidae from the Old and New World. / O gênero Elachistocleis Parker 1927 é composto por 17 espécies e, destas, sete possuem a morfologia externa descritas e duas possuem a morfologia oral interna e o condrocrânio de suas larvas descritas. A falta de trabalhos descritivos que contribuam para o conhecimento dos girinos do gênero Elachistocleis, constitui a justificativa deste trabalho. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia externa, morfologia oral interna, condrocrânio e aparelho hiobranquial das larvas do gênero Elachistocleis, comparando-as entre si e com espécies descritas na literatura. Foram utilizadas as espécies E. bumbameuboi, E. cf. piauiensis, E. cesarii e E. bicolor entre os estágios 31 a 39 de Gosner. A morfologia externa dos girinos do gênero Elachistocleis é conservativa em muitos aspectos. As diferenças encontradas foram: o formato do corpo em vista dorsal; borda das abas dermais; borda do focinho em vista dorsal; ângulo de emergência da nadadeira dorsal no corpo; linha lateral visível ou não; padrão de pústulas na região posterior à crista mediana; projeção mais acentuada da margem anterior central do corpo da suprarostral; borda posterior das asas da suprarostral em forma de W ou não; borda ventral da fenestra da região occipital levemente ondulada ou claramente ondulada; presença de uma fenestra hipofisária; borda do processo afilado do processo articular do palatoquadrado; presença de expansões digitiformes no processo ventrolateral; formato e inclinação da fenestra subocular; processo subótico único ou levemente bífido; inclinação do processo anterolateral. O estudo comparativo corrobora em muitas das características observadas nos trabalhos descritivos publicados tanto para girinos do gênero Elachistocleis quanto para outras espécies de Microhylidae do Velho e Novo Mundo.
274

Patologia comparada de infecções selecionadas de anfíbios anuros de vida livre do bioma da Mata Atlântica: estudo prospectivo / Comparative pathology of selected infections of free living anuran amphibians from the Atlantic Forest biome: prospective study

Paula, Catia Dejuste de 03 August 2011 (has links)
Os anfíbios apresentaram um severo declínio de suas populações nas últimas décadas. Dentre as diversas causas dos declínios estão as doenças infecciosas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de enfermidades selecionadas que podem acometer estes animais na Mata Atlântica brasileira, e, desta forma, contribuir para a melhor compreensão das conseqüências destas enfermidades para a conservação dos anfíbios em nosso meio. Foram coletados 120 animais da Estação Biológica da Boracéia e realizaram-se exames necroscópicos, histopatológicos, microbiológicos, parasitológicos e PCR convencional para Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis em grande parte dos animais. Coletou-se 33 espécies diferentes pertencentes a sete famílias diferentes. Encontrou-se, no exame necroscópico, endoparasitas em 45,8% (55/120) dos espécimes examinados e ectoparasita (sanguessuga) em um espécime. Do total de animais analisados para Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, 19,1% (22/115) foram positivos para Bd. O exame necroscópico assim como o histopatologicos da grande maioria dos animais estudados não exibiu alterações relevantes, sendo que os sistemas mais acometidos foram o digestório e tegumentar seguidos pelos urinário e linfóide. A somatória dos resultados aqui exibidos sugere que, nas condições específicas deste trabalho, os agentes identificados não induziram processos patológicos relevantes, sinalizando uma relação hospedeiro x parasita simétrica. Porém, face ao frágil equilíbrio existente no ambiente da Mata Atlântica e a suscetibilidade dos anfíbios às mudanças dos ecossistemas, cremos que monitoramentos de longo prazo sejam necessários para que se possa acompanhar, com alguma margem de segurança, a evolução desta delicada relação. / Amphibians suffered a severe decline of their populations in recent decades. Among the various causes of the declines are infectious diseases. The present work aims to study the occurrence of selected diseases that can affect these animals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and thus contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of these diseases for the conservation of these animals. We collected 120 animals from the Biological Station of Boracéia and performed necropsy, histopathology, microbiology, parasitology and conventional PCR for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis exams in most animals. We collected 33 different species belonging to seven different families. It was found at necropsy, endoparasites in 45.8% (55/120) of specimens examined and an ectoparasite in only one specimen. Of the total number of animals analyzed for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, 19.1% (22/115) were positive for this fungus. The necropsy and histopathological exams from the vast majority of animals studied did not show significant changes. The most affected systems were the digestive and integumentary followed by the lymphoid and urinary. The results shown in this work suggests that the infections agents did not induce relevant pathological processes in the specific conditions of this research. However, given the fragile balance of the Atlantic Forest and the susceptibility of amphibians to ecosystem change, we believe that long-term monitoring is needed to follow with some safety margin, the evolution of this delicate relationship.
275

A silicon based regeneration electrode for implantation in amphibia

Rose, Christopher January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 109-112. / by Christopher Rose. / M.S.
276

Survey and Comparison of Amphibian Assemblages in Two Physiographic Regions of Northeast Tennessee.

Crockett, Marquette Elaine 01 August 2001 (has links)
Declines in amphibian populations have prompted study of their ecology and distribution. The purpose of this study was to survey two sites located within different physiographic and one herpetofaunal region of Northeast Tennessee, comparing species composition and activity. The first, Henderson Wetland, is in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley physiographic region. The second, John's Bog, is in the Blue Ridge. Survey methods included random walks, aural surveys, and point source collections during a 16-month period (February 1999 to May 2000). Nine caudate (Plethodontidae) and one anuran species (Ranidae) were found in John's Bog. Seven caudate (Ambystomatidae, Plethodontidae, Salamandridae) and five anuran species (Hylidae, Ranidae) were found in Henderson Wetland. Assemblages were compared using an index of community similarity. Sites differed regarding amphibians detected. Temporal activity was not compared because of different species compositions. Instead, temporal data were compared to literature. Data will be used in future amphibian studies and site management.
277

Species Distribution and Conservation Genetics of the Upland and Midland Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris) in Kentucky

Cambridge, Tucker 01 July 2018 (has links)
The upland (Pseudacris feriarum) and midland (P. triseriata) chorus frogs are closely related cryptic species that are best distinguished genetically. The distribution of these species within the Commonwealth of Kentucky has previously been defined by only a handful of genetic samples, making delineation of range limits for each species difficult. Accurate understanding of species distributions, and the genetic structure within them, are vitally important for conservation management of amphibian species. In this study, I have collected genetic samples from across the putative ranges of P. triseriata and P. feriarum in Kentucky and used next-generation sequencing technology to generate more fine-scale estimates of species ranges. The genetic data generated in this study support the delineation of two species in Kentucky, and the species assignments of all individuals and populations are in general concordance with the previously hypothesized species distributions. However, I have identified two previously unrecognized contact zones for these species and revealed areas of hybridization. By delineating species distributions and identifying potentially important regions of genetic admixture, this study will be informative to future conservation management and conservation genetic research of chorus frogs in Kentucky.
278

Effect of Ototoxic Drugs on the Amphibian Auditory System: Injection of Gentamicin Sulfate into Anuran Otic Capsules and Recovery of Thresholds

Brown, Michael Patrick 17 May 1995 (has links)
Hair cell trauma from aminoglycosides, which may lead to permanent loss of hair cells in mammals, was studied physiologically in frogs by measuring an auditory evoked potential (AEP) in Rana pipiens. The AEP was evaluated in order to measure threshold shift (TS) and recovery from TS after the administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin. To obtain an AEP, chronic electrodes were implanted into the cranium near the cochlear nucleus. The frogs were then exposed to frequency-specific narrow band ~clicks" which included a single period 1 kHz sinewave, and a computer synthesized high frequency and low frequency click. Amphibians have two hearing organs, the amphibian and basilar papillae, sensitive to low (150-1500) and high (1500-2000) frequencies, respectively. The low (AP) and high (BP) frequency clicks were created to stimulate specifically the corresponding papillae. After normal thresholds were recorded for each frog, gentamicin sulfate, 200 μM, 300 μM, or 400 μM, was injected bilaterally into the otic capsules. Thresholds were recorded until the TS had disappeared, allowing the threshold recovery period to be measured. The injections of 200 μM yielded a 10 dB change in one animal and no change in two others. The injection of 300 μM into 10 frogs and 400 μM into 20 frogs yielded at least a 10 dB change in 60% and 93% of the frogs, respectively, with the concentration of 400 μM producing threshold shifts of 20 dB. Thus, the threshold shifts were dose-dependent. Recovery times varied between six and fourteen days. No apparent differences between thresholds for the high frequency click, low frequency click and sinewave clicks were observed.
279

Taxonomic revision of the Permo-Carboniferous lepospondyl amphibian families Lysorophidae and Molgophidae

Wellstead, Carl F. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
280

Physiological adjustments to aestivation and activity in the cocoon-forming frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini

Word, James Mabry January 2008 (has links)
The desert-adapted frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini survive long periods of inhospitably hot and dry conditions by retreating underground and aestivating. While aestivating they suspend food and water intake as well as physical activity, depress their metabolic rate by ~80 %, and form cocoons that protect them against desiccation. How these frogs function during this exceptional state is largely unknown. This work characterized a number of physiological parameters in three metabolic states spanning their natural metabolic range: during aestivation (depressed metabolism), at rest (normal metabolism), and where possible, during exercise (elevated metabolism). The primary objective was to identify by comparison, physiological adjustments in these parameters to metabolic depression, as well as the scope of these parameters in frogs capable of aestivation. The parameters measured for C. maini were (a) the glucose transport kinetics and (b) the fluid balance of an extensive number of their individual organs. For C. platycephala, the parameters measured were (a) the activity of the cardiovascular system as indicated by heart rate and blood pressure and (b) the roles of pulmonary and cutaneous respiratory systems in gas exchange

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