Wheat bran contains a diverse collection of macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive components, including those thought to have an important role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. The complication of wheat bran as a functional food relates to its high insoluble fibre content, which renders bran and its constituent bioactives largely indigestible, and hence with limited bioavailability. The main objective of this thesis research was to evaluate the effects of heat treatments of branon the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the bran. Presumably, if the solubility of wheat bran can be enhanced by pre-treatment, its biological impact associated with its fibre and resident phytochemicals would also be enhanced. Compared to untreated bran, freeze dried water soluble extracts of thermally treated bran had substantially enhanced levels of antioxidant activity and signficantly increased concentration of a very broad spectrum of bran bioactive constituents including phenolics, minerals, phytate, B vitamins, and non-starch polysaccharide fibre compounds. Results taken together point to the development of novel wheat bran and extracts with considerable commercial potential for whole grain food use and a variety of nutraceutical applications far beyond what may be possible with whole grain wheat or normal bran. Outcomes of the research highlight the conclusion that the nutritional and functional food benefits of normal wheat bran probably represent a fraction of its potential due to the limited digestibility of wheat bran, which in turn, limits the bioavailability of its fiber and constituent bioactive compounds.

Glutathione and its related enzymes have a central role in the antioxidant mechanisms of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Evidence suggests that changes in antioxidant defence mechanisms are associated with the late complications of diabetes. In addition, invertebrates show changes in antioxidant mechanisms in response to contamination; these changes have the potential to be utilised in the environmental monitoring of pollution. The present study investigated the role of glutathione and its related enzymes with regard to complications of diabetes and toxicity exposure using the crab, Carcinus maenas. A preliminary investigation showed that glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities are unaltered in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients with long term complications of the disease. However, crabs were shown to have significantly reduced glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in response to cadmium exposure. The biochemical responses of crabs to pollution exposure were investigated in further experiments. Crabs are exposed to a variety of influences within their natural environment that may affect their ability to tolerate oxidative stress. These stressors include climatic changes, age, sex, nutritional status, contamination, accumulation of toxins and adaptation to a polluted environment. Results showed that seasonality also affects the activities of glutathione related enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase, as well as physiological parameters such as tissue protein composition. Seasonal changes of enzyme activities may be partly due to the altered nutritional status of the crab over the year. Nutritional status also reduced the total glutathione status and total antioxidant scavenging ability of crab haemolymph and gill tissues. The levels of these parameters were reinstated to normal when the starved crabs were exposed to a mixed affluent. The ability to control the production of antioxidant scavenging compounds during fasting may help to preserve the crabs energy reserves. The promptly reinstated glutathione and total antioxidant scavenging ability in response to contamination helps to prevent the oxidative damage caused by pollution exposure. Several tissues were removed from the crab and the amount that each contributed to the crabs overall antioxidant scavenging ability was calculated. Haemolymph and muscle tissues were found to contribute the most to the crabs overall antioxidant scavenging ability. This is due to the large proportion of the crab that these tissues occupy. The level of glutathione within the crabs haemolymph, gill and muscle tissues did not contribute significantly to their overall antioxidant scavenging ability in normal conditions. However, when the stress was induced in the crabs in response to mixed effluent exposure or fasting, total glutathione levels became significantly correlated with total antioxidant scavenging ability. The results suggest that under these circumstances glutathione levels are maintained by the activity of glutathione reductase. A field trial was performed in the highly industrialised area of the Tees Estuary to establish whether the biomarkers that had been successfully applied in laboratory experiments could be used within the field. The results were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling techniques. This allowed a suite of biomarkers to be analysed simultaneously. The biomarker responses measured at the different sites indicated a gradient of toxicity from the top of the estuary to its mouth. These results were consistent with water chemical analysis data. The study showed that more information could be gained from this type of analysis than by examining the biomarker results separately. The biomarkers measured and the method of data analysis have potential to be used in routine toxicity assessment.

The thermal oxidative stability of middle distillate fuels is a topic of considerable concern. There are several examples of ambient temperature oxidation of fuel, leading to particulate matter and filtration issues. It is shown that particulate matter values vary globally based on region and fuel type, suggesting the problem is more than mere inorganic matter. The variability of filtration times is not dependent on absolute particulate matter present; it is suggested to be dependent upon the nature or morphology of deposit. <br>For a more thorough understanding of the chemistry responsible for deposit formation, flask oxidation was employed to test the Soluble Macromolecular Oxidatively Reactive Species (SMORS) mechanism. Spectral data suggest the presence of alcoholic and carbonylic functionality, which is in agreement with how the SMORS mechanism defines deposit formation. It has also been determined that the introduction of compounds conceivably indigenous to jet fuels has a negative impact on deposit formation. In addition, it has been shown the elemental composition of thermally induced deposit entails significant heteroatom content. <Br>According to the SMORS mechanism, one of the primary reasons for deposit formation is the presence of radical initiators. The paraffinic blending of fuels shows promise in oxidatively stabilizing jet fuels. Research suggests blending reduces oxidation by diluting both the radical initiators and soluble deposit precursors. It is possible the use of this method could improve filter life and decrease operational costs. <br>A better understanding of the chemistry of deposit formation can lead to improved deposit inhibitors. Additives that have shown promise in bomb tubing studies were tested using flask oxidation. Additionally, extracted fuel polars reintroduced into the fuel at 0.3% v/v were tested for antioxidative activity. It was concluded the introduction of ppm levels of polar compounds extracted from fuel back into a fuel is very successful in limiting oxidative product formation. <br>One strategy for inhibiting deposit formation is the use of compounds that can act as oxygen/hydroperoxide scavengers. A linear free energy Hammett plot was developed for the reaction between molecular oxygen and triarylphosphines. Results indicate a very small positive charge buildup, suggesting a nonsynchronous concerted reaction. / Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences / Chemistry and Biochemistry / PhD / Dissertation

abstract: Cellular redox phenomena are essential for the life of organisms. Described here is a summary of the synthesis of a number of redox-cycling therapeutic agents. The work centers on the synthesis of antitumor antibiotic bleomycin congeners. In addition, the synthesis of pyridinol analogues of alpha-tocopherol is also described. The bleomycins (BLMs) are a group of glycopeptide antibiotics that have been used clinically to treat several types of cancers. The antitumor activity of BLM is thought to be related to its degradation of DNA, and possibly RNA. Previous studies have indicated that the methylvalerate subunit of bleomycin plays an important role in facilitating DNA cleavage by bleomycin and deglycobleomycin. A series of methylvalerate analogues have been synthesized and incorporated into deglycobleomycin congeners by the use of solid-phase synthesis. All of the deglycobleomycin analogues were found to effect the relaxation of plasmid DNA. Those analogues having aromatic C4-substituents exhibited cleavage efficiency comparable to that of deglycoBLM A5. Some, but not all, of the deglycoBLM analogues were also capable of mediating sequence-selective DNA cleavage. The second project focused on the synthesis of bicyclic pyridinol analogues of alpha-tocopherol. Bicyclic pyridinol antioxidants have recently been reported to suppress the autoxidation of methyl linoleate more effectively than alpha-tocopherol. However, the complexity of the synthetic routes has hampered their further development as therapeutic agents. Described herein is a concise synthesis of two bicyclic pridinol antioxidants and a facile approach to their derivatives with simple alkyl chains attached to the antioxidant core. These analogues were shown to retain biological activity and exhibit tocopherol-like behaviour. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemistry 2011

Identification and characterization of plant-based products with antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects has received much interest over the past few years as possible therapeutic mean for treatment of diseases likely to be associated to oxidative stress (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer). This study provides characterization of in vitro antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative potential and phytochemical profile of (i) 39 wine samples of underutilized Georgian grapevine cultivars, (ii) extracts of 22 samples of medicinal plants from Ethiopia and (iii) 23 samples of edible and medicinal plants from Peruvian Amazon. For this purpose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, total phenolic content (TPC), and cell viability assay based on metabolization of tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan, together with methods based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ultra violet/visible spectrometry and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry) were used. Georgian red wines (particularly Saperavi cultivars) exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (average DPPH and ORAC values at 5.1 and = 10.6 g TE/L wine, respectively) in comparison to Central and West European cultivars [Pinot Noir (DPPH = 3.1 and ORAC = 9.4 g TE/L wine), Cabernet Sauvignon (DPPH = 3.0 and ORAC = 7.3 g TE/L wine) and Cabernet Moravia (DPPH = 2.0 and ORAC = 8.5 g TE/L wine)]. Georgian wines contained significantly greater concentrations of quercetin (between 14.44 and 1.07 ug/mL), kaempferol (between 1.68 and 0.03 ug/mL) and syringic acid (between 12.59 and 4.72 ug/mL), whereas possessed lower quantities of resveratrol (between 5.11 and 0.32 ug/mL) in comparison to Central and West European wines. Amongst edible and medicinal plants from Ethiopia and Peruvian Amazon, only Dodonaea angustifolia (IC50 for DPPH = 22.2 ug/mL, ORAC = 767.6 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 120.0 ug/mL), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 50.5 ug/mL), Inga edulis (DPPH and ORAC = 337.0 and 795.7 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 36.3 and 57.9 ug/mL) and Oenocarpus bataua (DPPH and ORAC = 903.8 and 1024.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 102.6 and 38.8 ug/mL) have demonstrated combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative efficacy. Selective anti-proliferative activity was observed for Verbascum sinaiticum (IC50 for Hep-G2 = 80.6 ug/mL) and Annona montana (IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 2.7 and 9.0 ug/mL, respectively). Above-mentioned plant material showed only weak or non-toxic effects towards normal cell line. Despite the fact that extracts of Jasminum abyssinicum (IC50 for DPPH = 26.3 ug/mL, ORAC = 1023.7 ug TE/mg extract), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract), Mauritia flexuosa (DPPH and ORAC = 1062.9 and 645.9 ug TE/mg extract), Myrciaria dubia (DPPH and ORAC = 641.9 and 642.6 ug TE/mg extract) and Theobroma grandiflorum (DPPH and ORAC = 714.8 and 821.9 ug TE/mg extract) have exhibited considerable antioxidant effect, these species were found to possess moderate to low anti-proliferative potential or have shown to be toxic to normal cells line. In all cases it was detected that phenolic compounds content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity, however weakly with anti-proliferative effect. Results suggest above-mentioned species as prospective materials for further development of novel plant-based agents effective against oxidative stress related diseases. However, it is necessary to perform further research which would be focused on detailed characterization of their chemical composition, pharmacological effects and toxicological safety, in order to verify their possible practical use.

TEIXEIRA, Claudener Souza. Determinação da estrutura tridimensional de uma lectina de sementes de Canavalia maritima (Aublet) complexada com o polifenol antioxidante resveratrol. 2015. 94 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T23:33:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_csteixeira.pdf: 4836976 bytes, checksum: abec6d8f925cfce27622f137363ea5f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-09-02T23:06:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_csteixeira.pdf: 4836976 bytes, checksum: abec6d8f925cfce27622f137363ea5f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T23:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_csteixeira.pdf: 4836976 bytes, checksum: abec6d8f925cfce27622f137363ea5f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resveratrol is a natural antioxidant polyphenol found especially in grape epicarp, walnuts, and pomegranates, which can inhibit the activation of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines at the early gene expression stage. It is well known that lectins are sugar-binding proteins that act as both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the binding of a polyphenol compound with a lectin of Canavalia maritima (ConM) based on their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory processes. To accomplish this, ConM was purified and crystallized, and resveratrol was soaked at 5 mM for 2 hours of incubation. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic space group C2, the final refinement resulted in an Rfactor of 16.0% and an Rfree of 25.5%. Resveratrol binds in the rigid β-sheet through H-bonds and hydrophobic interaction with amino acids that compose the fifth and sixth β-strands of the rigid β-sheet of ConM. The ConM and resveratrol inhibited DPPH oxidation, showing synergic activity with the most effective ratio of 2:3 and carbohydrate binding site is not directly related to antioxidant activity. It is the interaction between ConM and resveratrol that indicates the synergism of these two molecules in acting as free radicals scavengers and in reducing the inflammatory process through the inhibition of many pro-inflammatory events. / O resveratrol é um polifenol antioxidante natural encontrado especialmente na epicarpo da uva, em nozes e na romã o qual pode inibir a ativação de mediadores pró-inflamatório e citocinas na fase precoce de expressão do gene. Já é bem conhecido que as lectinas são proteínas de ligação de açúcares que atuam tanto como moléculas pró- e anti-inflamatórias. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de verificar a ligação de um composto de polifenol com uma lectina de Canavalia maritima (ConM) com base na sua capacidade para inibir processos pró-inflamatórios. Para alcançar este objetivo, a ConM foi purificada e cristalizada, uma solução de 5 mM de resveratrol 5 mM foi utilizada para soaking durante 2 horas de incubação. Os cristais obtidos pertencem ao grupo espacial monoclínico C2, o refinamento final resultou em um Rfactor de 16,0% e uma Rfree de 25,5%. Resveratrol se liga na rígida através de pontes de hidrogênio e interação hidrofóbica com aminoácidos que compõem a quinta e sexta fita-β da folha-β rígida da ConM. A ConM complexada com o resveratrol inibiu a oxidação do DPPH, mostrando atividade sinérgica entre a proteína e o ligante com a relação mais eficaz de 2:3. Foi verificado ainda que o sítio de ligação a carboidratos não está diretamente relacionado à atividade antioxidante. É a interação entre ConM e resveratrol, que indica o sinergismo destas duas moléculas em agir como agentes sequestrantes de radicais livres que podem estarem relacionados a capacidade de redução do processo inflamatório através da inibição de muitos mediadores pró-inflamatórios por lecitinas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yonezawa_la_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1612963 bytes, checksum: a73a85ad5e451406738950726ca4c07b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o efeito fisiológico do exercício sobre os marcadores cardíacos e de lipoperoxidação, o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E, e a determinação da albumina modificada pela isquemia (AMI) como um possível marcador de isquemia miocárdica em equinos sem treinamento prévio e submetidos ao exercício de rápida aceleração e curta duração (TRA) e de baixa intensidade e longa duração (TLD). Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 equinos, sendo cinco Árabes e cinco Crioulos, sem treinamento prévio, que realizaram o primeiro TRA e, sete dias depois, o TLD1. Em seguida, durante 52 dias os equinos receberam vitamina E (dl-alfa-tocoferol) na dose de 1.000 UI/dia e, posteriormente, realizaram o TRA2 e o TLD2 com sete dias de intervalo. Determinou-se o malondialdeído (MDA) plasmático, as concentrações séricas de troponina I cardíaca (TCI), isoenzima MB da creatinoquinase (CK-MB), mioglobina e AMI. Observou-se que os exercícios dos testes TRA e TLD promoveram estresse miocárdico em equinos evidenciado pelo aumento de CK-MB, mas não foi considerado grave. Houve ainda o efeito benéfico da suplementação da vitamina E pela diminuição da concentração de MDA plasmático em ambos os tipos de exercícios, e de TCI sérica no TRA2. A AMI não se mostrou eficaz na detecção de isquemia miocárdica nos equinos avaliados, uma vez que em ambos os tipos de exercício não promoveram alterações significativas, sugerindo-se que não seja sensível para esse tipo de avaliação nessa espécie / This study aimed to evaluate the physiological effect of exercise on cardiac and lipoperoxidation markers, effect of vitamin E supplementation, and ischemia modified albumin (AMI) determination as a possible marker for myocardial ischemia in horses submitted to rapid acceleration and short duration (TRA) exercise and to low intensity and long duration (TLD) exercise. Ten horses, five Arabian and five Crioulo, performed the first TRA, and TLD1 seven days later. Horses received vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) for 52 days at a daily dose of 1,000 IU, and then they performed TRA2, and TLD2 seven days after. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), serum cardiac troponin I (TIC), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), myoglobin and AMI were determined. Both TRA and TLD caused myocardial stress in horses revealed by the CK-MB increase, but it was not considered serious. There was also a beneficial effect of vitamin E by decreased plasma MDA concentration in both types of exercise, and by lower TIC level in TRA2. AMI was not effective in detecting myocardial ischemia in horses, since in both exercise types there were no significant changes, suggesting that it is not a sensitive marker to assess ischemic condition in this species

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aragao_ab_me_araiq_parcial.pdf: 453844 bytes, checksum: 05465fa7385cca6aa64baf99a9e90049 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-22T12:53:52Z: aragao_ab_me_araiq_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-22T12:54:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723046_20150901.pdf: 453383 bytes, checksum: 35dee2a9a34d025b79bd9ea5efda8f66 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-09-01T11:42:34Z: 000723046_20150901.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-01T11:43:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723046.pdf: 1189275 bytes, checksum: 2f2ba5841f03b8d01bf227d4b2d9587b (MD5) / As espécies Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. e Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec., popularmente conhecidas como tucumã e uxi, respectivamente, são frutos nativo da região amazônica com propriedades físico-químicas, centesimal e organolépticas de grande valor para a indústria alimentícia, cosmética e farmacêutica. O tucumã é um fruto rico em compostos de pró-vitamina A, vitamina E, ácidos graxos saturados e poliinsaturados, carboidratos e fibras. O uxi também é uma fonte de ácidos graxos, fibras, esteróides, sais minerais e vitaminas C e E, ainda pouco estudado pela comunidade científica. O valor nutricional é um dos principais fatores que conduzem ao crescente interesse pelo consumo de frutas no país, embora muitas frutas nativas da região amazônica, de menor consumo nacional, ainda não tenham sido devidamente pesquisadas quanto a suas propriedades e atividades benéficas à saúde. Essas frutas possuem diferentes compostos bioativos e em decorrência disto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a composição centesimal e os teores de compostos bioativos, mais especificamente o teor de fenóis, flavonoides, vitamina C e proteínas, bem como, a determinação do potencial antioxidante do tucumã e uxi nativos da Amazônia oriental. Os resultados encontrados nesta investigação indicam que os frutos de tucumã e uxi, respectivamente, apresentam importantes propriedades nutricionais e compostos bioativos como: carboidratos (26,52%; 35,20%), carotenoides (11,7; 7,87 mgEβC.100g-1), fibras (9,0%; 18,05%), lipídeos (22,94%; 13,19%) minerais em especial o cálcio (110,0 mg.100g-1), fenóis (59,6; 51,2 mgEAG.100g-1) e flavonoides (360,36; 555,65 mgEQ.100g-1), além disso, o tucumã apresentou potencial antioxidante com duas espécies reativas de oxigênio distintas, com o radical DPPH (2,06 IC50 mg.mL-1) e HOCl (1,96 IC50 mg.mL-1)... / The species Astrocaryum vulgare Mart . and Endopleura uchi ( Huber ) Cuatrec., popularly known as tucumã and uxi respectively, are fruits native to the Amazon region with physic-chemical and organoleptic proximate great value for the food industry , cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The tucumã is a fruit rich in compounds of pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and fiber. The uxi is also a source of fatty acids, fiber, sterols, minerals, and vitamins C and E, yet little studied by the scientific community. The nutritional value is one of the main factors leading to the growing interest in the consumption of fruits in the country, although many native fruits of the Amazon region, lower domestic consumption, have not been properly screened for their properties and activities beneficial to health. These fruits have different bioactive compounds and due to this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the composition and levels of bioactive compounds, specifically the phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and protein, as well as the determination of the antioxidant potential of tucumã and uxi natives of the eastern Amazon. The results in this research indicate that fruits tucumã and uxi, respectively, have important nutritional properties and bioactive compounds such as: carbohydrates (26,52%; 35,20%), carotenoids (11,7; 7,87 mgEβC.100g-1), fibers (9,0%, 18,05%) , lipids (22,94%; 13,19%), especially minerals calcium (110,0 mg 100g-1), phenol (59,6; 51,2 mgEAG.100g-1) and flavonoids (360,36; 555,65 mgEQ.100g-1), moreover, the antioxidant tucumã presented with two different reactive oxygen species, with DPPH (2,06 IC50 mg.mL-1) and HOCl (1,96 IC50 mg.mL -1). In summary, the result of the study in this work allows the appreciation of the fruits as functional food nationally and offers an alternative... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cefali_lc_me_arafcf.pdf: 635100 bytes, checksum: 20424d01dd8e9cc7f5c20d87bb20eec3 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O licopeno é um carotenóide com poderosa ação antioxidante, encontrado em maior quantidade no tomate, utilizado no combate a inúmeras doenças como vários tipos de câncer, dentre eles o de próstata, e doenças cardiovasculares. Sua ação tópica é pouco explorada e, por isso, a proposta de ser utilizado no combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo, incorporado em uma emulsão. Um estudo preliminar foi realizado para a escolha do tipo de tomate que apresenta maior concentração de licopeno e/ou maior atividade antioxidante. O método de quantificação do fitoquímico foi validado e, em função dos testes de avaliação antioxidante in vitro, o tomate do tipo salada foi o escolhido para o desenvolvimento do fitocosmético. Além disso, o extrato foi submetido à avaliação da citotoxicidade in vitro que constatou a não ocorrência de toxicidade em fibroblastos e macrófagos. Assim, o cosmético foi desenvolvido contendo fase oleosa constituída de derivados de karité e submetido a testes para avaliar sua estabilidade, identificar as características da emulsão, avaliar seu comportamento reológico e sua atividade cosmética pelos testes de permeação cutânea e verificando a eficácia quanto à ação antioxidante do licopeno incorporado na emulsão. Foi possível observar que o fitocosmético é estável, de acordo com as condições experimentais realizadas neste estudo, permite a retenção do licopeno na epiderme e na derme e apresenta atividade antioxidante, sendo promissor para o combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo. / Lycopene, a carotenoid with high antioxidant activity, is found in greater quantities in tomatoes used to combat many diseases such as various types of cancers, including of the prostate, and cardiovascular diseases. Its topical action is not explored and therefore the proposal to be used to combat aging, incorporated into an emulsion. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate which tomato had higher concentration of lycopene and/or higher antioxidant activity. The method of quantification of the phytochemical was validated and the lycopene extract was evaluated by testing in vitro antioxidant activity. Tomato salad was chosen for the development of the phytocosmetic. Furthermore, this extract was subjected to the evaluation of cytotoxicity in vitro activity and it was found that the non-occurrence of toxicity in fibroblasts and macrophages. Thus was developed a product containing oily phase consists only derived about shea which was submitted to tests to assess its stability, to identify the characteristics of the emulsion, to evaluate the rheological behavior and cosmetic activity carried out tests such as skin permeation and checking the effectiveness in the antioxidant action of lycopene incorporated into emulsion. Through the results it was possible to observe that the phytocosmetic is stable, allows the retention of lycopene in the epidermis and dermis, shows antioxidant activity and it’s promising to combat the acceleration of skin aging

Orientador: Olga Maria Mascarenhas de Faria Oliveira / Banca: Celia Maria de Sylos / Banca: Mariza Pires de Melo / Resumo: As espécies Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. e Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec., popularmente conhecidas como tucumã e uxi, respectivamente, são frutos nativo da região amazônica com propriedades físico-químicas, centesimal e organolépticas de grande valor para a indústria alimentícia, cosmética e farmacêutica. O tucumã é um fruto rico em compostos de pró-vitamina A, vitamina E, ácidos graxos saturados e poliinsaturados, carboidratos e fibras. O uxi também é uma fonte de ácidos graxos, fibras, esteróides, sais minerais e vitaminas C e E, ainda pouco estudado pela comunidade científica. O valor nutricional é um dos principais fatores que conduzem ao crescente interesse pelo consumo de frutas no país, embora muitas frutas nativas da região amazônica, de menor consumo nacional, ainda não tenham sido devidamente pesquisadas quanto a suas propriedades e atividades benéficas à saúde. Essas frutas possuem diferentes compostos bioativos e em decorrência disto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a composição centesimal e os teores de compostos bioativos, mais especificamente o teor de fenóis, flavonoides, vitamina C e proteínas, bem como, a determinação do potencial antioxidante do tucumã e uxi nativos da Amazônia oriental. Os resultados encontrados nesta investigação indicam que os frutos de tucumã e uxi, respectivamente, apresentam importantes propriedades nutricionais e compostos bioativos como: carboidratos (26,52%; 35,20%), carotenoides (11,7; 7,87 mgEβC.100g-1), fibras (9,0%; 18,05%), lipídeos (22,94%; 13,19%) minerais em especial o cálcio (110,0 mg.100g-1), fenóis (59,6; 51,2 mgEAG.100g-1) e flavonoides (360,36; 555,65 mgEQ.100g-1), além disso, o tucumã apresentou potencial antioxidante com duas espécies reativas de oxigênio distintas, com o radical DPPH (2,06 IC50 mg.mL-1) e HOCl (1,96 IC50 mg.mL-1)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The species Astrocaryum vulgare Mart . and Endopleura uchi ( Huber ) Cuatrec., popularly known as tucumã and uxi respectively, are fruits native to the Amazon region with physic-chemical and organoleptic proximate great value for the food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The tucumã is a fruit rich in compounds of pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and fiber. The uxi is also a source of fatty acids, fiber, sterols, minerals, and vitamins C and E, yet little studied by the scientific community. The nutritional value is one of the main factors leading to the growing interest in the consumption of fruits in the country, although many native fruits of the Amazon region, lower domestic consumption, have not been properly screened for their properties and activities beneficial to health. These fruits have different bioactive compounds and due to this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the composition and levels of bioactive compounds, specifically the phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and protein, as well as the determination of the antioxidant potential of tucumã and uxi natives of the eastern Amazon. The results in this research indicate that fruits tucumã and uxi, respectively, have important nutritional properties and bioactive compounds such as: carbohydrates (26,52%; 35,20%), carotenoids (11,7; 7,87 mgEβC.100g-1), fibers (9,0%, 18,05%), lipids (22,94%; 13,19%), especially minerals calcium (110,0 mg 100g-1), phenol (59,6; 51,2 mgEAG.100g-1) and flavonoids (360,36; 555,65 mgEQ.100g-1), moreover, the antioxidant tucumã presented with two different reactive oxygen species, with DPPH (2,06 IC50 mg.mL-1) and HOCl (1,96 IC50 mg.mL -1). In summary, the result of the study in this work allows the appreciation of the fruits as functional food nationally and offers an alternative... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre