Transport plays essential roles in almost all economic activities and our daily lives. Transport flows are often agglomerated in soͲcalled transport corridors linking urban and/or commercially important areas.Clearly, it is desirable for transport to be efficient and sustainable, thus there are several onͲgoing initiatives to develop major, often transnational, transport corridors.Diverse stakeholders are affected by and/or involved in the development of these corridors, including travellers, transport buyers,transport service providers and transport authorities (local, regional, national and transnational). Governance of the corridors can be regarded as the interactive involvement of these stakeholders in their development and subsequent management.This is a licentiate by publications based on a covering essay that summarises and synthetises four articles. The topic focuses on the development of a framework for designing governance structures formajor transport corridors, by examining the variables that should be considered, the structural and procedural organisational possibilities, and both stakeholders’ participation and interactions. A qualitative research approach has been applied, as deeper understanding of the underlying issues is needed. Several studies have been performed, in conjunction with the Bothnian green logistic corridorproject, to illustrate key concerns. These studies have included literature reviews, studies of documents describing governance of major European transport initiatives, and interviews with key individualsinvolved in the development of European transport corridors. An international study has been established and supervised to gather experiences from other research projects, including an open workshop for discussion between representatives of various stakeholder groups. In addition, a casestudy of the Bothnian corridor has been performed, including focus group discussions with principal stakeholders.Main findings from the literature studies concern both the design of governance structures and their socioͲpolitical integration. The findings show that there is no universal solution for governance structuresas they have to be adapted to the social, economic and political context, and should have a sufficient flexibility to meet changing requirements. They also show that collaboration between public, private and other stakeholders to address issues earlier handled by a single authority is becoming increasinglycommon, also within the field of transport, particularly when public investment budgets are restricted. Another main finding is that broad stakeholder inclusion is advantageous and engaged leadership crucial for a successful outcome. Both structural and procedural aspects of a governance structure influence theoutcome and need to be considered when designing one. The international study and the workshop confirmed most of these literature findings and additionally highlighted the need for clear goals, objectives and rules for collaboration. Stakeholders´ diverse needs of connecting to a governancestructure were discussed in the workshop. The document studies and the interviews enhanced knowledge of European transport corridor establishment and management practices.

This licentiate thesis is part of a larger case study that examines the built cultural heritage in Kiruna’s urban transformation. The research study presupposes it is necessary to address cultural significance of the built environment in urban planning practice. In Sweden, a conservation planning strategy emerged during the 1980s, in response to the extensive urban renewals that took place in many towns over the decades before. In spite of this, there are many examples of how demands for urban renewal challenge urban conservation.The aim of the thesis is to explore how the concept of built cultural heritage is understood in contemporary urban planning and how urban planning practice affects the built cultural heritage. The main research question is: how are buildings and built environments transformed into cultural heritage?The analysis draws on concepts such as ‘heritagisation’, ‘heritage’ and ‘authorised heritage discourse’. Heritagisation is defined as a process in which something, such as a built environment, turns into heritage. Heritage is perceived as a social and cultural construction in which values and meanings are attributed to, for instance, built environments. There is a distinction between official heritage that is authorised by legislation and unofficial heritage, which is not formally recognised. The authorised heritage discourse is characterised as a hegemonic heritage discourse favouring the monumental and aesthetically appealing, being a concern for heritage specialists.The research is performed as a qualitative, interpretative intrinsic case study of Kiruna’s contemporary urban transformation. The case study is triangulated using multiple methods and a variety of data. The main methods used are text analysis of records, planning documents and media coverage as well as semistructured interviews and observations.Kiruna was established in 1900, with the mining company LKAB as the main stakeholder, in order to provide housing for the large number of workers required in the iron ore industry. The hopes were very high for the design of the new town and some of Sweden’s most famous architects, planners and artists at the time were hired. From the 1980s until 2005, the town’s built environments were recognised as built cultural heritage. Local, regional and national authorities collaborated in protecting designated buildings. In 2004, it became publicly known that subsidence caused by mining activities would affect the settlement; the town would, therefore, be relocated. This has caused controversies around the management of the built cultural heritage in the urban transformation processes. The case of Kiruna illustrates the impact of legislation in defining built cultural heritage and the influence of the authorised heritage discourse on urban planning practice. There are, however, difficulties in implementing the notion of cultural heritage as socially and culturally constructed into urban planning processes; rather, the heritage is perceived as a fixed entity. It is suggested that also unofficial heritage should be recognised in the urban planning processes, in order to manage the long-term urban transformation process.

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How do I sense the domain of a place? How does it support my own domain? How does the place communicate its individuality? How does my self listen to this presence? How does the place nurture my inquiries? How does my intuition inhabit the place? Then, when one's own existence becomes evident, one meets the place. / Master of Architecture

Game-space presents the development of a student game-hall on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. The architectural theory that guided the development asserts that an intelligent translation of a building's physical and conceptual needs into a matrix of well defined layers provides a strong foundation for the creation of a cultivated space. / Master of Architecture

As a result of the Paris Agreement, Sweden established a climate goal in 2017, aiming for the country to be climate neutral by 2045. In 2019, the Swedish construction and civil engineering sector accounted for nearly 21 percent of domestic greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis aims to increase knowledge about how municipalities act through requirement-setting to achieve the goal of a climate-neutral construction and civil engineering sector by 2045. The study, conducted within the framework of the thesis, was based on the survey "Miljöbästa kommun 2022," where two questions addressed requirement-setting as a landowner and as a developer: 1. "Does the municipality set specific environmental and climate requirements during land allocations, transfers/leasing of land for residential construction?" 2. "As of January 1, 2022, developers are required to establish a climate declaration when constructing a building. Does the municipality, in its role as a developer, set threshold values with maximum emissions of greenhouse gases from buildings being constructed?" The survey revealed whether a responding municipality set requirements in one or both of these roles (a total of 81 responding municipalities answered yes) but did not specify how the requirements were formulated or how municipalities applied them. Through a literature review, an initial survey (targeted at the 81 municipalities from Klimatbästa kommun 2022; response rate 32/81), and subsequent interviews with twelve of the responding municipalities, the goal of the thesis has been to closely examine how municipalities set requirements as landowners and developers. The results from the thesis conducted in the fall of 2022 show that the municipalities in the study have high ambitions and sustainability goals to achieve climate neutrality by 2045, and that requirement-setting is an instrument in this effort. However, the municipalities face challenges such as legislation regarding municipal-specific requirements, lack of resources, and competence in the area. In their role as landowners, municipalities tend to use "relative improvements" by presenting desired outcomes and discussing with contractors how these can be achieved. Challenges such as the legal framework and lack of competence, however, affect municipalities' ability to effectively set requirements and achieve their goals. As developers, municipalities have varying approaches to setting requirements, with some using detailed requirements and others preferring functional requirements. This depends partly on the municipalities' resources and level of knowledge, but also on their ambitions and willingness to transition. 3The study indicates that the approach of municipalities varies depending on whether they act as landowners or developers. As landowners, municipalities have a unique opportunity to influence the development of land areas by setting requirements during land allocations. These requirements can vary and range from allocation criteria to improvement requirements and information requests. It is also common for municipalities to use other strategies to promote sustainable urban development, such as emphasizing sustainability ambitions without specifying detailed requirements. On the other hand, when municipalities act as developers, they usually implement specific requirements to achieve overarching climate goals or sustainability strategies. By using environmental certification systems and setting limits, municipalities can actively contribute to reducing the climate impact of construction projects and promoting more sustainable development. It emerged from the municipalities that, regardless of their role, they actively work with these types of requirements as all municipalities strive for a climate-neutral construction and civil engineering sector by 2045, in line with the Paris Agreement.

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Este trabalho busca lançar um novo olhar sobre momentos relevantes da história dos concursos de arquitetura no Brasil, partindo da premissa de que concursos são eventos que geram interesse por conterem um tipo de informação que reflete cada momento específico da produção arquitetônica. Discute a importância da representação no desenvolvimento do projeto arquitetônico, o papel do material gráfico na propagação de conceitos, assim como a supervalorização do discurso e da imagem e a inversão de valores que tal processo acarreta. Identifica, neste contexto, a existência de uma gramática específica nos projetos desenvolvidos para concursos, na qual a relação entre texto e desenhos assume características peculiares. Coloca a questão de como estes eventos geram uma discussão crítica e de que maneira este material torna-se referência para a formação de conhecimento específico na área. Para tanto, seu conteúdo está organizado em três momentos. O primeiro estabelece um arcabouço conceitual e define uma metodologia para análise dos projetos coletados. O segundo consiste na análise de três eventos fundamentais de nossa historiografia: o concurso para o Plano Piloto de Brasília (1956) um dos acontecimentos essenciais para a arquitetura brasileira e marco na história dos concursos; o do Pavilhão de Osaka (1969) representante de um período de afirmação de um discurso e parte fundamental da trajetória do movimento moderno brasileiro; e o concurso para o Pavilhão de Sevilha (1991) - evento polêmico e de repercussão expressiva, que caracteriza um atribulado período de transição cultural. Após a análise destes eventos de formação, o trabalho altera seu foco e, em seu terceiro momento, traça a trajetória construída desde a realização do concurso para Sevilha até os dias de hoje. Seguindo esta narrativa panorâmica, discute um evento contemporâneo, o concurso para o Museu da Tolerância da USP (2005), para, a partir do arcabouço gerado pelo estudo dos momentos de formação e seu rebatimento neste evento, abordar o contexto atual. Nas conclusões, o trabalho trata da identificação de uma retórica da representação expressa no conjunto de desenhos e textos analisados e discute a mensagem específica que cada desenho carrega e sua influência no desenvolvimento dos projetos. Confronta a democratização de meios com a especialização dos concorrentes e questiona a acessibilidade às técnicas de representação em contraponto à dificuldade de lançar mão dos recursos disponíveis sem cair na gratuidade. Como segundo ponto discute o valor dos textos que acompanham os desenhos, encarados como fios condutores da opção retórica, e identifica as diferentes posturas adotadas pelos autores. A última questão colocada diz respeito ao papel didático dos eventos enquanto momentos de reflexão crítica e discute a permanência das idéias, os elementos de formação de repertório e sua influência no campo da educação. A pesquisa conclui sua argumentação defendendo a leitura deste conjunto de trabalhos a partir do resgate de documentos que podem revelar aspectos fundamentais para o retrato de uma época e a formação de um conjunto de valores. / This research pursuits a new understanding on relevant moments of the history of architectural competitions in Brazil, by the premise that these are events that render interest for they provide a kind of information that reflects each specific moment of the architectural production. It discusses the importance of representation in the development of the architectural design, the role of graphic material for the transmission of concepts, as well as the overvaluation of discourse and image and the inversion of values that it causes. In this context, it identifies the existence of a specific language in projects developed for competitions, in which the relation between texts and drawings assume peculiar characteristics. It sets the question of how these events generate a critical discussion and how the produced material becomes reference to the formation of specific knowledge in the subject. For that purpose, its content is organized in three moments. The first one establishes a conceptual basis and defines a methodology for the analysis of the collected projects. The second moment consists of an analysis of three fundamental events of our historiography: the Brasilia Urbanization Plan competition (1956) one of the essential realizations for the Brazilian architecture and the history of competitions; the Osaka Pavilion competition (1969) representant of a period of affirmation of a discourse and important part of the Brazilian Modern Movement development; and the Seville Pavilion competition (1991) a polemic event with an expressive repercussion, which characterizes a turbulent period of cultural transition. Following the analysis of theses events of formation the research changes its focus and, in its third part, traces a panorama of realizations from the Seville competition to nowadays. After that, it discusses a contemporary event, the USP Tolerance Museum competition (2005), in order to, from the basis generated by the study of the formation events and its reflections on the recent one, establish an approach to the current context. In the conclusions the research treats of the identification of a representational rhetoric expressed in the analyzed collection of drawings and texts and it discusses the specific message contained in each drawing and its influence in the development of the projects. It confronts the democratization of means with the contestants\' specialization and questions the accessibility to the representation techniques in counterpoint to the difficulty of exploring the available resources avoiding loosing consistence. As a second point, it discusses the values of the texts that accompany the drawings, faced as main conductors of the rhetorical option, and it identifies different strategies adopted by the authors. The last question is about the didactic role of the events while moments of critical reflection and it discusses the permanence of ideas, the formation of repertoire elements and its influence in the field of education. The research concludes its argumentation defending the understanding of the collection of works based in the rescue of documents that may reveal fundamental aspects to the portrait of an era and the formation of our values.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1978. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 82-84. / M.Arch / M.S.