No description available.

This study employs three ordinary least squares regression equations to analyze retail grocery store prices. The grocery stores studied were from the Tucson metropolitan area. The price data collected consisted of a typical market basket purchased in this market. Different price categories were analyzed in order to determine the relevance of interstore comparisons between two different brand categories, national brand and cheapest brand categories. Grocery prices for the two brands were tested to determine if the organization of retail grocery stores (chain and independents), location of the store, store neighborhood average income, and size (in square feet) of the grocery store affected price.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se determinó la concentración del contaminante Plomo en suelos de Lima Metropolitana durante el mes de julio del año 2008. La muestras de suelo fueron tomadas en 40 lugares representativos de LIMA METROPOLITANA, elegidos por su mayor afluencia peatonal y vehicular, según La Gerencia de Transporte Urbano de la Municipalidad de Lima Metropolitana. El método utilizado para la cuantificación de plomo en suelos fue Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la concentración promedio de plomo en suelos de Lima Metropolitana, en el año 2008, fue de 189,39 ppm (mg/ Kg), dicho valor se encuentra fuera del valor límite establecido para el plomo en suelos, según la OMS, que es de 25 mg/Kg. No existiendo Patrones Nacionales, se recomienda realizar monitoreos ambientales periódicos del contaminante Plomo en suelos para controlar su emisión y toxicidad en todo el ecosistema. -- Palabras Clave: Plomo, Contaminación vehicular, Contaminación ambiental, espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, valor límite. / -- In the present job of investigation it was determined the polluted concentration of lead in the floor of Metropolitan Lima during the month of july of year 2008. The ground samples were taken in 40 representative places of METROPOLITANA LIMA, chosen by their greater pedestrian affluence and to carry, according to the Management of Urban Transport. The used method for the ground lead quantification was the Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The obtained results indicated that the average concentration of ground lead of Lima Metropolitan, in the year 2008, was 189,39 ppm (mg kg), this value is outside the established limit value for the ground lead, according to the World Health Organitation . (WHO), that is of 25 mg/Kg. Not existing National patrons, it is recommended to do periodical environment monitoring of the polluting Lead in grounds to control its emission and toxicity in all the ecosystem. -- Key words: Lead, Contamination to carry, environmental pollution, spectrofotometry atomic absorption, limited value.

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : p. 74. / M.Arch.A.S.

O problema central e foco desta pesquisa foi investigar de que forma a qualidade e localização das áreas verdes de lazer influenciam sobre o uso destes espaços. O que motivou a escolha deste tema foi o fato de que nas pesquisas sobre áreas verdes a abordagem geralmente é quantitativa, desconsiderando as condições locais. Entende-se que este tipo de análise é insuficiente, pois o uso e o sucesso das áreas verdes também estão vinculados ao fator de qualidade destes lugares. Geralmente o centro da cidade e bairros de classe alta possuem melhores espaços públicos de convívio, enquanto na periferia encontram-se degradados e insuficientes. A falta de equipamentos, manutenção e ambiência das áreas verdes fazem com que os moradores dos bairros se desloquem grandes distâncias para utilizar uma praça, muitos até dez vezes mais do que a distância ideal. O lócus empírico escolhido foi o município de Passo Fundo, cidade média da Região do Norte do estado, onde foram analisadas todas as áreas verdes de lazer públicas. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho foi estruturada através de coleta de dados e levantamento das áreas verdes existentes, análise da distribuição dentro do espaço urbano, aplicação de questionários in loco e análise dos aspectos de qualidade das áreas verdes de lazer públicas. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade das áreas verdes de lazer públicas influencia mais na utilização do espaço pelos usuários do que os fatores locacionais. Desta maneira a hipótese de que a qualidade dos espaços públicos é mais importante do que a localização destes espaços dentro do perímetro urbano foi validada. / The central problem and focus of this research was to investigate how the quality and the location of green recreational areas influence on their use. What motivated the choice of this theme was the fact that in research on green areas the approach is generally quantitative, disregarding local conditions. It is understood that this type of analysis is insufficient, because the use and success of green areas are also linked to the quality factor of these places. Usually the city center and upper-class neighborhoods have better public living spaces while the outskirts are degraded and inadequate. Lack of equipment, maintenance and ambience of green areas make residents of the neighborhoods travel great distances to use a square, many up to ten times more than the ideal distance. The chosen empirical locus was the city of Passo Fundo, average city in the Northern Region of the state, where all public recreational green areas were analyzed. The methodology used for this work was structured through data collection and survey of existing green areas, distribution analysis within the urban space, questionnaires and on-site analysis of the quality aspects of public recreational green areas. The results showed that the quality of public green recreational areas has more influence on space utilization by users than the location factors. Thus the hypothesis that the quality of public spaces is more important than their locations within the urban perimeter has been validated.

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to identify geochemical groups in Boring Lava along the west side of the Tualatin Mountains, and in sediments of the Portland and Tualatin basins. Samples of Boring Lava were obtained from TriMet drill core collected during planning of the tunnel alignment for the Westside Light Rail line. Additional samples of Boring Lava were collected from outcrops along the west side of the Tualatin Mountains. Samples of sediment from the Tualatin and Portland basins were obtained from drill core collected during an Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) Earthquake Hazards Mapping project. INAA of Boring Lava samples resulted in the identification of three geochemical groups. Additional data sets, including x-ray fluorescence geochemistry, magnetic polarity, and age dates, allowed for the distinction of three Boring Lava units. The Boring Lava of Barnes Road is a young, normal unit, the Boring Lava of Sylvan Hill is an older normal unit, and the Boring Lava of Cornell Mountain is the oldest, reversed unit. The surf ace distribution, identified using topography and outcrop geochemistry, is consistent with the subsurface distribution, identified using boring logs and core geochemistry. Volcanic vent locations are proposed at topographic highs within the identified surface distribution of the Boring Lava of Barnes Road. INAA of sediment samples resulted in the identification of seven groups: (1) Columbia River source sediments, (2) lower Troutdale Formation, (3) Reed Island ashes, (4) young Columbia River sediments, (5) highalumina basalt sediments, (6) episodic Cascadian volcanic sediments, and (7) Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) sediments. Only the CRBG sediments group was identified in the Tualatin basin, while all seven groups were identified in the Portland basin. This appears to demonstrate that the sediment packages in the two basins are different. Finally, each sediment group can be placed into one of three broad geochemical categories: Columbia River source sediments and lower Troutdale Formation represent a Columbia River or continental source; Reed Island ashes, young Columbia River sediments, high-alumina basalt sediments, and episodic Cascadian volcanic sediments represent a Cascadian or local source; and CRBG sediments represent residual soils or sediments overlying Columbia River basalt flows.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se determinó la concentración del contaminante Plomo en suelos de Lima Metropolitana durante el mes de julio del año 2008. La muestras de suelo fueron tomadas en 40 lugares representativos de LIMA METROPOLITANA, elegidos por su mayor afluencia peatonal y vehicular, según La Gerencia de Transporte Urbano de la Municipalidad de Lima Metropolitana. El método utilizado para la cuantificación de plomo en suelos fue Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la concentración promedio de plomo en suelos de Lima Metropolitana, en el año 2008, fue de 189,39 ppm (mg/ Kg), dicho valor se encuentra fuera del valor límite establecido para el plomo en suelos, según la OMS, que es de 25 mg/Kg. No existiendo Patrones Nacionales, se recomienda realizar monitoreos ambientales periódicos del contaminante Plomo en suelos para controlar su emisión y toxicidad en todo el ecosistema. Palabras Clave: Plomo, Contaminación vehicular, Contaminación ambiental, espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, valor límite. / In the present job of investigation it was determined the polluted concentration of lead in the floor of Metropolitan Lima during the month of july of year 2008. The ground samples were taken in 40 representative places of METROPOLITANA LIMA, chosen by their greater pedestrian affluence and to carry, according to the Management of Urban Transport. The used method for the ground lead quantification was the Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The obtained results indicated that the average concentration of ground lead of Lima Metropolitan, in the year 2008, was 189,39 ppm (mg kg), this value is outside the established limit value for the ground lead, according to the World Health Organitation . (WHO), that is of 25 mg/Kg. Not existing National patrons, it is recommended to do periodical environment monitoring of the polluting Lead in grounds to control its emission and toxicity in all the ecosystem. Key words: Lead, Contamination to carry, environmental pollution, spectrofotometry atomic absorption, limited value.

No description available.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are increasing in prevalence worldwide, including in developing countries like South Africa. If the assumption that ASDs manifests similarly across all cultures, then the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the western gold standard for diagnosing ASDs, will be able to accurately discriminate those children that have ASDs from those that do not. The ADOS was designed to increase the likelihood of children displaying ASD type behaviours to facilitate a diagnosis, but this may negatively impact on scores obtained by African children which are socialised to be respectful as opposed to spontaneous. This research study formed part of the larger KwaZulu-Natal-ASD1 (K-ASD) study, and aimed to explore the diagnostic ability of the ADOS in special needs schools in the greater eThekwini area. The study design used a matched blinded sample comprising of an atypically developing ASD and non-ASD group from Black, White and Indian ethnicities. The sample came from special needs schools. The experimental group thus comprised people with ASD and the control group was a learning disabled group that did not have ASD. This study compared Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) algorithm scores of a sample of 26 children (6-11 years of age) who were administered modules 1-3 of the ADOS with the clinical diagnoses for each of these children. Using McNemar’s Westlake Schuirmann Test of equivalence it was found that the clinician diagnoses and the ADOS coding algorithm results were statistically equivalent. Thus, no significant difference existed between the two methods of diagnosis. The ADOS showed greater sensitivity in identifying symptoms associated with ASD than did the clinician diagnoses. An ANOVA revealed significant differences in the communication and the reciprocal social interaction algorithm’s. This indicates a cultural variation in behaviours, since Black participants behaved in various gestural ways that were significantly different to the manner in which Whites behaved to the ADOS testing. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

The study was conducted in the community of Wellbedacht East in eThekwini Municipality. Welbedacht East (WE) is located north-east of Umlazi Township and west of Chatsworth and also expands into the eNgonyameni Traditional Authority. WE is about 23 kilometres from Pinetown, 43 kilometres from Durban, and 15 kilometres from Chatsworth Centre. It is one of the development projects undertaken to spearhead the very ambitious programme of slums clearance, in order to confront the challenge of informal settlements in the eThekwini Municipal area. The study area has been chosen because it is one of the largest slum clearance projects in eThekwini Municipality (Durban) and it is peripherally located. Due to its peripheral location, transport services, and facilities such as schools, a clinic, a police station, churches and shops are either scarce, or non-existent. A systematic sample of 60 households was drawn from a population of residents whose characteristics had been considered to reflect those of the larger population. The project has 5000 sites and 3000 beneficiary households were relocated to this project from the inner city areas. The study is aimed at examining the impact and effects of relocation on beneficiary households in peripherally located low-income housing projects, to determine whether or not transport costs are higher in peripherally situated settlements than in more central locations, and whether residents in peripheral settlements are less able to access the benefits of urban living, including economic opportunities and social networks necessary for survival. It argues that the relocation of informal settlements to peripheral sites promotes an urban sprawl, and thus deviates from the eThekwini Municipality's goal of promoting development as a 'compact city'. The findings in this study are that, firstly, there is clear evidence to suggest that relocations to peripheral areas can cause significant harm to relocated beneficiary households' livelihood strategies, and secondly, that the municipality's failure to coordinate its relocations plan with other spheres of government involved with social service delivery, especially the departments of health and education, resulted in medium-term deprivation of access to social services. The conclusions drawn from the findings are that a holistic and integrated approach to housing development needs to be enforced, whereby the minimum facilities, such as schools, clinics and other social amenities are prioritised if the project is poorly located. The study therefore recommends that low-income housing projects be located closer to the economic nodes, in order to eliminate transport costs and other social difficulties associated with peripheral location. The compact city settlement design epitomised by higher residential densities and the development of multifunctional habitats would, to a greater extent, reduce the need to travel, and improve quality of life and access to urban goods and services. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.