The Tuzo Creek Molybdenite Prospect is in southern British Columbia approximately twenty air-miles east-southeast of Penticton within the Nelson-Valhalla batholithic complex. A stock of porphyritic quartz monzonite, approximately 1½ miles in diameter, and younger sub-volcanic sills, dykes and masses of quartz-albite-sanidine porphyry were eraplaced into a basement of Nelson granodiorite of probable Jurassic Age. Mid (?) Tertiary alkaline basic dykes are the youngest intrusions present. Porphyries were emplaced successively at three different times along structures developed either by subsidence of the stock or by regional deformation. Differentiation, level of crystallization of phenocrysts, level of emplacement and regional correlation of acid intrusions are discussed. Two phases of hydrothermal activity are recognized, separated in time by intrusions of porphyry. In both cases, alteration was controlled by fractures and local shear and breccia zones. The first phase resulted in widespread wallrock alteration, quartz veining and mineralization throughout most of the stock and bodies of pre-mineral porphyry. Zoning of argillization, potash feldspathization and silicification and of oxide or sulphide fields of mineralization occurs on a large scale throughout the alteration halo. A large zone of low grade molybdenite mineralization occurs in a zone of more intense wallrock alteration containing stockworks of quartz veins and pyrite. The chemical and physical aspects of wallrock alteration and mineralization are considered in light of experimental studies done by others. The second phase of hydrothermal activity only occurred locally and involved development of secondary sericite and quartz with associated Zn, Pb, Cu, Pe and Mo sulphides and calcite and fluorite. All structures can be explained either by periods of subsidence of the stock or by genetic relationship to forces developed by periodic movements along a nearby regional fault zone following the West Kettle River valley. Source rocks of hydrothermal fluids, paragenesis, zoning and exploration potential for molybdenite are discussed. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This thesis presents the development and implementation of a token bus protocol for a Power Line Local Area Network (PLLAN) which utilizes intra-building power distribution circuit as the physical transmission medium. This medium provides a low cost means for data communications with a high degree of portability. Due to the characteristics of the power line and the prototype modem, the network would be easily saturated with data and would have a high collision probabilities. The IEEE 802.4 token bus standard is modified to fit the PLLAN and to bring its performance up. A comparative performance of the original protocol and the modified version shows that the latter provides an improvement in network throughput of up to 15 percent and a reduction in the network join-ring delay of up to 20 percent for a wide workload range. The performance figures of the modified version in a power line network of three SUN 3/50 workstations¹ transmitting at 9.6 kilo-bit per second is also presented and analyzed. ¹Sun workstation is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. / Science, Faculty of / Computer Science, Department of / Graduate

The Stikine Assemblage in the Mess Creek area consists of Mississippian aged, variably altered, deformed, metamorphosed and mineralized schists, phyllites and greenstones. Original lithologies were mafic pyroclastics and epiclastics, felsic volcanic breccias to crystal-lithic ash tuffs, graphitic sediments, and gabbroic sills. Regional dynamothermal metamorphism to lower greenschist facies occurred between Late Permian and Middle Triassic time. Four phases of deformation are recognised including two early phases of northwesterly trending isoclinal, recumbent folding followed by easterly trending kink bank and chevron style folding, and northerly trending parallel-style folding. The first phase of folding was synchronous with metamorphism and produced a penetrative axial planar foliation. Second phase folds significantly outlasted thermal effects and produced a locally pronounced crenulation cleavage. Third and fourth phase folding also affected overlying Late Triassic sediments and could be related to terrane collision in Early Jurassic time. Three stages of plutonism occurred within the Mess Creek area. Potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium dates from plutons of the Hickman batholith indicate Early to Middle Triassic ages for quartz diorites and a Middle Jurassic age for quartz monzonites. Alkalic, generally syenitic plutons, commonly associated with porphyry Cu-Au deposits yield Early Jurassic ages. Gold and silver mineralization is hosted by structurally controlled quartz and quartz-carbonate veins and associated alteration. Two ages of alteration have been identified. Widespread and commonly conformable silicification and potassium metasomatism, characterized by a quartz-muscovite- carbonate assemblage, is pre-kinematic and attributed to volcanogenic hydrothermal systems. Foliation-parallel quartz veins associated with this alteration are ubiquitous but generally barren of precious metals. Later alteration, which consists of intense carbonatization, silicification and sericitization, is fracture controlled and commonly hosts gold and silver bearing veins that cut all deformation fabrics. Gangue and alteration mineralogy includes ankerite, siderite, quartz, albite, muscovite, fuchsite, chlorite, manganiferous dolomite, barite and lanthanide group phosphates. Ore mineralogy includes pyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, silver and bismuth tellurides, electrum and gold. Sulphide concentrations within veins range from massive to sparsely disseminated. Hydrogen metasomatism associated with mineralization produced compositional changes within host rocks that include the removal of Ca and Na and the addition of K and H. Precipitation of quartz, carbonates and sulphides was caused by a pH increase due to hydrolysis reactions with wall rocks. Potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium dating of alteration and mineralization yields Early Jurassic ages, which coincide with regional alkalic plutonism and possible time of tectonic accrection of allochthonous terranes. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

One major task faced by public recreation planners is the determination of the type, quantity and quality of future recreation that will be demanded. A second follow-up job involves the attempt to maximize user satisfaction by providing adequate recreation services and facilities while allowing for limitations in both recreation resources and agency capability. Prerequisite to the successful completion of these two tasks is the presence of a sound research framework that is complemented by relevant information and proper analysis techniques. The major concern of this thesis was to describe, in some detail, the present state of recreational planning in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. In particular, research was directed towards the assessment of existing arrangements and procedures for generating and analyzing-recreation information. Three major objectives were realized: (1) to evaluate the planning methodologies presently used in the assessment of the supply and demand for recreation resources; (2) to assess the suitability and capability of public park and/or recreation agencies to undertake continuous, efficient and relevant recreational planning; and (3) to propose changes in the present arrangements and procedures for recreational planning. The methodology used in this study followed two related and complementary steps. In the initial phase, a 'comprehensive recreation planning model' was developed. It consisted of three sub-models of investigation: demand, supply and demand-supply linkage analyses. The latter step focused on a comparative evaluation of the recreational planning approach and the recreation agency i.e. it's capability and suitability for research, for one regional and twelve municipal park and/or recreation agencies in the Greater Vancouver Regional District, via the 'comprehensive recreation planning model' and the seventy-seven criteria that were used as indicators of quality. Results of the comparative evaluation indicated significant deficiencies in several aspects of the recreational planning approaches currently being used. Major limitations in the research capability of the recreation agencies were linked to inadequate research budgets, and to insufficient data generation and processing ability. Further, the majority of agencies examined showed a need for more information regarding the recreation clientele i.e. their demands, preferences, degrees of preference, leisure time budgets, and their past education and experiences related to public recreation; and, the recreation resources i.e. land, facilities and services by type, nature and quantity. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the satisfaction which co-operative housing members experience during the process of obtaining and living in their dwellings. With the recent surge of growth of housing co-operatives in British Columbia, an evaluation of this form of tenure seems timely. Traditionally evaluation studies have assessed a program or agency by relying on the input of the administrators. Although several government studies have investigated co-operative housing, little work has been completed which assesses this type of tenure from the user point of view. A distinctive characteristic of co-operative housing is the opportunity for the members to be totally involved in the planning and management of the project. This study therefore evaluates co-operative housing by investigating the satisfaction which users derive from their living environment. Members of co-operatives in the Greater Vancouver Regional District whose projects were completed or in the planning stages were personally interviewed and factors relating to satisfaction were discussed. From this survey, it became clear that the majority of people are very satisfied with their housing and the process they experienced to obtain it. In the case of completed projects, satisfaction was strongly linked with co-operators' perceptions of a strong sense of community, attendance at recent co-operative housing meetings, understanding of co-operative ownership, the kind's of-expectations of co-operative living which members have, and previous co-operative experience. For members of projects in the planning stages satisfaction was linked with understanding of co-operative ownership, ability to contact the co-operative's Board of Directors and desire to join other co-operative activities. Recommendations for improving or influencing those factors which are related to satisfaction are suggested. Two major issues emerged that relate to the co-operative housing movement in general. These are: user participation in the planning and management of the project, and member education. It is suggested that by enlarging and improving the education program the financial and social responsibilities of co-operative housing will be better understood and more people will take advantage of the opportunity to participate. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

There is a need for better information and an understanding of the process of land use change for effective planning in the Greater Vancouver region. Achieving this understanding is challenging due to the multiple public sector organizations setting land use and infrastructure planning policy in the region. A review of literature and interviews with representatives of public sector planning organizations in Greater Vancouver reveals that a region-wide, GIS-based, land use computer simulation model can provide the information infrastructure for increasing understanding as well as developing shared learning and enhancing communication and coordination between the numerous planning organizations. In order to do this, the model structure should take advantage of advances in GIS technology and the modeling process must be open and participatory to ensure a successful modeling project. More specifically, seven guiding principles are recommended for the development of a GIS-based land use model for Greater Vancouver. These principles define the key elements that a successful modeling project for Greater Vancouver should either contain or address: (1) Should be flexible and adaptable (2) Should be 'understandable' (3) Should be methodologically sound in that the results should be the logical extension of the inputs (4) Should consider the entire functional region (5) Should have an open and participatory process for development (6) Should have clear objectives for the project (7) Planners should be involved in the modeling process Overall, the most important principle to consider is the need for an open and participatory process for development. An open process creates shared learning, acceptance of the model results, and a forum in which stakeholders can explore and debate ideas and alternative futures. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The Internet has influenced our lives greatly. The way we communicate evolved with the arrival of the Internet and has continued to evolve along with the Internet. While initially being used by Academia and large organizations such as the American Department of Defense, the Internet soon became a buzzword in the average home. E-mail has changed the way companies and individuals communicate, and the World Wide Web has changed the way all Internet users access information. Lately the ability to communicate globally and instantly via text services such as MSN, audio services such as Skype, or audio and video services such as Microsoft NetMeeting has become popular. These new services consume ever-increasing amounts of bandwidth; in turn these high quality services have driven the need for high-speed always-on Internet connections to businesses and homes. The development of 802.11b and later on 802.11g wireless local area network (LAN) standards have brought wireless networking to the home user. Cheap Wi- Fi-certified hardware has enabled many people to access their high-speed Internet connections from anywhere within their home, or even on the move. The convenience that Wi-Fi has brought has resulted in the increased use of the broadband services mentioned above. The end result is that the Internet changed the way we communicate, and continues to do so with the help of Wi-Fi. / Dr. E. Marais

The study examines the "Living Close to Work" policy within the Greater Vancouver Region. Specifically it investigates the effects this policy would have on work trip lengths within the region. A review of relevant literature and empirical research reveals factors which could influence work trip lengths within the Greater Vancouver Region. Among these factors are city size, location of residences and workplaces, and income. Data for the study were taken from the Vancouver Area Travel Study and the 1971 Canada Census. Data on work trip lengths were obtained from the Vancouver Area Travel Study files and data on labour force:job ratios and average household incomes from the 1971 Census. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between work trip lengths and labour force:job ratios and work trip lengths and average household incomes. A descriptive analysis of work trip length characteristics for downtown and non-downtown employment centers was used to study how travel and job location are related. The investigation establishes that: a) people who live in high income subareas of the Lower Mainland travel no less and no more than the population as a whole in going to and from work; b) mean and median travel times to the suburban centers are shorter than the corresponding figures to the downtown workplaces; c) between 1965 and 1972 mean work trip distances to non-downtown locations increased faster than the mean work trip distance to the downtown; d) areas with high labour force:job ratios tend to have long work trip lengths; e) average work trip length in Greater Vancouver and the trip length frequency distribution for Greater Vancouver appear quite typical of those for moderate and large cities. The implications of these conclusions for the "Living Close to Work" policy for the region are worked out. The study suggests that this policy will not result in a substantial reduction in work trip travel distance. However, there are indications that it will result in worthwhile work trip travel time savings as well as other benefits. An area for further research is suggested and observations made on data requirements for such a study. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The study was conducted to describe the knowledge and beliefs of mothers regarding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV/AIDS. The mothers of infants aged 0 - 6 months attending at the Gilgal clinic in Manzini region, Swaziland were sampled for the study. This was a cross sectional descriptive survey in the quantitative paradigm. A qualitative research technique (focus groups) was used for support purposes. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitUdes of the mothers with regard to infant feeding practices in the context of HIV, to describe the relationships among these three concepts, and to describe the influence of social referents on mothers' beliefs. The research was carried out in the month of June 2006 in Swaziland. A stratified (age) and convenience (clinic attendance) sampling technique was used to select the sample from mothers and their babies attending at the Gilgal clinic. An adapted 24-h recall was used to assess infant feeding practices; questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to assess knowledge, beliefs and demographic information. Descriptive, inferential and multivariate statistics were used on the quantitative data and content analysis and ethnography on the qualitative data. The results indicated that as much as breastfeeding is still a norm (94.5%), exclusive breastfeeding (11 %) is rarely understood and practiced in this community. Focus group data revealed that the matter is complicated by the fact that some mothers fed ORT to their babies immediately after birth. Generally knowledge on HIV and infant feeding practices was high and beliefs on HIV and infant feeding were negative. Partners and nurses advice on infant feeding was most regarded by mothers. There was no significant relationship found between knowledge and attitudes. A significant relationship between knowledge and beliefs/attitudes was found in mothers who practiced predominant breastfeeding, complementary and replacement feeding. However, the relationships were weak and negative, proving the necessity to strengthen the relationship between knowledge and attitudes. There was no statistical relationship found between knowledge and attitude of mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding. In conclusion attitudes were dominant predictors of behavior compared to knowledge. This indicated that good knowledge does not warrant positive attitudes and appropriate behavior. Therefore it is vital to investigate the other factors that influence attitudes in efforts to improve infant feeding. The study was successful in identifying gaps that supported the recommendations for a PMTC program focusing on nutritional aspects. / Dissertation (MConsSci)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

Society's need for industry has been at odds with maintaining a sound and healthy natural environment. The concept of sustainability has arisen to bridge the gap between the competing forces of industry and environment. Through sustainability, industry is promoted, natural resources are protected, and both the economy and the environment gains. One example of sustainability in action is the eco-industrial park. This park differs from conventional industrial parks in how it embraces the principles of sustainability in construction, operation, and production. This thesis will examine the development of the eco-industrial park concept from the broader concepts of sustainability and industrial ecology. Sustainability will be further conceptualized and operationalized through the use of indicators. Then, those indicators will be in a case study of the former Fort Devens Army Base to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, which better achieves the goals of sustainability: an eco-industrial park or a conventional industrial park.