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We have developed a rigorous leaky-mode analysis on the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW¡¦s) using a so-called ¡§coupled electric (CE) coupled magnetic (CH) field method.¡¨ Radiation loss characteristics and the field distribution of the ARROW are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, both the refractive indices and the thickness dependence for the isolation and distinction of modes are also investigated in this thesis. From the CE¡VCH method, the associated complex symmetric tridiagonal matrices are derived to solve the modal solutions via the eigenvalue-eigenvector technique. The uniquely designed formulation of CE¡VCH method yields better numerical properties, specifically in calculating the field distribution. This is suitable for any combination of materials and is capable of handling complex problems such as the leaky characteristics for both lossless and lossy cases. To quickly solve the complex roots of the ARROW, a set of accurate closed-form approximations for estimating both the field distribution and complex propagating constant have been derived from the CE¡VCH matrices. These first-order approximations provide six significant figures of the real part of the propagation constant

Abstract The work presented in this thesis is intend to develop the required technologies for fabrication optical interconnection between a single mode fiber (SMF) and a hybrid antiresonant reflection optical waveguide(ARROW). In addition, the coupling characteristic between the SMF and ARROW are theoretically investigated. The fabrication of the optical interconnection includes three major techniques: fabrication of hybrid ARROW waveguide, V groove formation and U groove deep etching. The ARROW waveguide centered at 1.3mm was fabrication using semiconductor process technologies. Propagation losses of the device as low as 0.6dB/cm for TE polarized and 2.55dB/cm for TM were obtained. Anisotropic etching of Si-V grooves were formed using EDP solution, and room temperature sputtered Ta2O5 was used as the etch mask. At a etching temperature of 1200C, the under cut is 1.6mm. In order to increase the coupling efficiencies, we employed the U groove deep etching to reduce the distance from SMF to ARROW . The trenches with a depth 58mm were etched with SF6/O2 dry etching. Based on our calculation, the coupling efficiency as high as 90% can be obtained when the hybrid ARROW has a core thickness and a waveguide width of 12mm. The 3-dB alignment tolerance in X and Y directions between the SMF and ARROW are ¡Ó3.6mm and¡Ó3.7mm respectively.

A BCB Polymer/Ta2O5/SiO2 antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) at quasi-antiresonant condition is presented. The waveguide consists of the SiO2 second cladding, the Ta2O5 first cladding, and the BCB core. The lateral guiding of the ARROW waveguide was formed by reactive ion etching based on SF6 and O2 mixtures (SF6 : O2 =1.5 : 1). A metal layer Ni/Cr thin films were used as the etch mask to avoid cracking of the mask caused by large thermal expansion coefficient of the BCB Polymer. The waveguide losses were measured by the cut back method. Large dry-etching aspect ratio of the BCB polymer to the etch mask was obtained. For TE polarized light, the propagation loss of the waveguide was 1.12 dB/cm at 1.3£gm. The propagation loss for TM polarized light was 2.56 dB/cm.

This thesis is a work of literary journalism that explores the distinct boundaries in style that partition how a writer reports objective facts and reveals subjective experience. In brief, it is a genre-breaking prose composition that weds objective and subjective narratives in an organic, but necessary harmony. As a subject, it explores the author?s experiences at two National Boy Scout Jamborees, held in the summers of 1997 and 2010. The thesis fuses two unique narrative modes into a hybrid form that exhibits entirely new qualities and values. It alternates between first-person and third-person points of view to create an uncomfortable, yet necessary tension, suggesting that the story?s accuracy is dependent upon two different perspectives. The thesis relies upon an unreliable narrator, whose story is reappraised by a credible third-person narrator. This thesis should be read as an agonizing reappraisal that examines American society at the turn of the millennia and during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Several American authors, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Robert Lowell, and Norman Mailer, have periodically explored this retrospective mode. While it is not a canonical genre, the agonizing reappraisal allows the author to comment on the past and present simultaneously. In this thesis, the effect is achieved by pairing two unique narratives that are separated by more than a decade in time.

This thesis consists of five essays on non-Walrasian economics. There are two essays on rational conjectural equilibrium, RCE, two on repeated games and one on general equilibrium with price-making firms and increasing returns to scale. The first two essays consider rational conjectural equilibrium from a game theoretic perspective. It is shown that (i) in general there is a continuum of RCE. (ii) Some interesting price behaviour, such as kinked demand behaviour and mark-up pricing can be supported as a RCE in a partial equilibrium model. (iii) Conjectural models can be regarded as a static representation of either a repeated game story with adjustment cost, or an instantaneous response repeated game, and that the rationality condition (in the 'correctness' sense) on conjectures amounts to sub-game perfectness in the super-game. In the third essay the solutions to repeated games with bounded memory are considered. It is shown that the Folk Theorem of repeated games (multiplicity of equilibria) can be extended to repeated games with one-period memory either if the action space of each player at each stage of the repeated game contains 'many elements' or if there is uncertainty. In the fourth essay the solutions to anonymous repeated game with a large but finite number of players are considered. In the fifth essay a General Equilibrium model with oligopolistic firms is developed (the model is based on my results in earlier chapters). Each oligopolistic firm is assumed to perceive (correctly) a kinked demand curve. I shall prove the existence of an equilibrium for such an economy without excluding increasing returns to scale or assuming concave revenue functions for the oligopolists.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Basel, 1968. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 265-272.

Thesis - Erlangen. / Lebenslauf. Bibliographical footnotes.

This thesis reports the results of an empirical research, conducted for the displaced communities located on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia. Emphasis was given to that part of the displaced population that relocated away from the Arrow Lakes region. Ethnographic, data, including community-dynamics, culture and history, and intensive personal interviews with formerly displaced people was collected in order to assess the effects relocation had upon the displaced population. The rationale for the study stems from the fact that to date the planning process has not given due regard to the comprehensive identification of social impacts resulting from construction and operation of large scale development projects. Some impacts have been expected; however, other impacts, which were given little consideration in planning stages and which have come about in a completely unexpected manner, may be documented for virtually every large development project. Any contribution towards ensuring identification of impacts which might otherwise occur unexpectedly should serve to improve the planning process. Ideally, it would be valuable to be able to recognize previously unanticipated effects during the pre-operational planning period. In this particular research recognition of secondary effects during the preplanning period have not explicitly been studied, however, identifying impacts "after the fact" (as a follow-up) has certain validity. It can serve in a nominal way as an indicator for predicting the range of probable consequences of subsequent development projects. It is also necessary as a feed-back or checking mechanism. Often times predictions are proven wrong and secondary effects go undetected, thus a follow-up component within the process is a necessary requisite. Post relocation addresses and whereabouts have been traced for twenty-three households or approximately eighteen per cent of the total displaced population that did not relocate within the Arrow Lakes region. Thus, the following conclusion has been formulated regarding displacement from the large scale power development project in the Arrow Lakes region of British Columbia: Individuals that have commitments to a community and are displaced from communities that display a strong sense of identity and cohesion are more adversely affected than those with no commitments and from communities that lack a strong sense of identity. And finally, a step-by-step approach for relocation planning was identified and discussed. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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