The emerging technology of active RFID tags has strong potential in the areas of real time health monitoring, sorting of cargo, and large scale inventory management because of their longer communication range and larger data storage capacity. The market of active RFID is growing very rapidly and therefore there has been an increase in the number of companies engaging in this field. But very often it is found that the products available in the market are not always suited to the application at hand. To overcome this problem, off the shelf active RFID products which were reconfigurable and followed a standard PHY and MAC layer protocol were used for this work. By reprogramming the application layer protocol of the RFID hardware, these devices were made suitable for the desired application. This also allowed the RFID tags to extend their functionality by interfacing extra modules with themselves. The work presented in this thesis describes the way in which the microcontroller on board the active RFID tags and readers can be programmed so that the functionality of the RFID hardware can be changed as per requirements. It also shows that extra modules can be added to the tag by successfully interfacing an accelerometer module with the tag. / Master of Science

Legacy computer systems are systems where several of the main hardware and software components date back several decades. Modernizing these systems is often considered a large monetary and temporal investment with high risk, and to keep maintaining them usually becomes more and more difficult over time, which is why these legacy systems are still being used to this day in many industry sectors. A solution is therefore to try and integrate the legacy system components into modern systems, and there are several ways of achieving this. This bachelor thesis project work aims to analyze one approach known as “wrapping”. More specifically it analyzes NESizer2 Method, a method which utilizes relatively simple hardware and software interfaces to control the Ricoh RP2A03 processor found in the Nintendo Entertainment System, using an Atmega328 microprocessor. During the design and development phases of the project work a literature study was conducted, and experimental research method was utilized. The testing and experimental phases of the project work was focused on examining how identified key variables behaved when modifying certain parameters in the system. While we were able to produce some valid data, the results proved to be somewhat inconclusive, as certain operations such as memory operations did not work, leading to the conclusion that our circuit contained a faulty component. / Legacydatorsystem är system där många av de huvudsakliga hårdvaruoch mjukvarukomponenterna är flera decennier gamla. Att modernisera dessa system ses ofta som en stor monetär och tidsmässig investering, och att fortsätta att underhålla dem blir vanligtvis svårare och svårare med tiden. En lösning är därför att försöka att integrera legacy-systemets komponenter i moderna system, och det finns ett flertal tillvägagångssätt att uppnå detta. Detta kandidatexamensarbete ämnar att analysera ett tillvägagångssätt känt som “wrapping”. Mer specifikt analyseras NESizer2-metoden, en metod som utnyttjar relativt enkla hårdvaruoch mjukvarugränssnitt till att kontrollera Ricoh 2A03-processorn som finns i Nintendo Entertainment System, med hjälp av en Atmega328 mikroprocessor. Under designoch utvecklingsfaserna av projektarbetet utfördes en litteraturstudie, och experimentiell forskningsmetod användes. Testoch experimentfaserna av projektarbetet fokuserade på att undersöka hur identifierade nyckelvariabled betedde säg då man modifierade vissa parametrar i systemet. Även om vi lyckades producera en del riktig data visade sig resultaten vara ofullständiga, då vissa operationer såsom minnesoperationer inte fungerade, vilket ledde till slutsatsen att vår krets innehöll en defekt komponent.

Control applications are used in almost all scientific domains and are subject to timing constraints. Moreover, different applications can run on the same platform which leads to even more complex timing behaviors. However, some of the timing issues are not always considered in the implementation of such applications, and this can make the system fail. In this thesis, the timing issues are considered, i.e., the problem of non-constant delay in the control of an inverted pendulum with a real-time kernel running on an ATmega328p micro-controller. The study shows that control performance is affected by this problem. In addition, the thesis, reports the adaptation of an existing real-time kernel based on an EDF (Earliest Deadline First) scheduling policy, to the architecture of the ATmega328p. Moreover, the new approach of a server-based kernel is implemented in this thesis, still on the same Atmel micro-controller.

This Master´s thesis focuses on design and implementation of programmable attenuator. The main aim of this thesis is to create an electronical device that provide continuous setting of attenuation value in the range between 0–150 dB. Setting a value from the range can be performed using buttons and set values are shown on display. For this thesis an attenuator with working frequency between 0–6 GHz was chosen and four–layer printed circuit board was designed. As a result the device is fitted with an 8bit microcontroller ATmega328P–PU using five 6bit digital attenuators connected in series with manual and program settings of attenuation from 0–157,5 dB with step of 0,5 dB. Data are shown on a build–in display. The application for remote settings and value reading over integrated USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface, was created in C#. In conclusion of this thesis there is a measurement evaluation of attenuation measurement performed on the device.

The aim of this thesis is to create a system that can detect fuel theft from vehicles. The systemconsists of a hardware device located in the monitored vehicles and information systemthat makes it possible to determine when and where the theft occurred. The thesis describesthe components of the hardware device and individual functionalities of the informationsystem.