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We present the first results from an ongoing survey to characterize the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of massive high-redshift galaxies detected as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We constructed a parent sample of 163 SMGQSO pairs with separations less than similar to 36" by cross-matching far-infrared-selected galaxies from Herschel with spectroscopically confirmed QSOs. The Herschel sources were selected to match the properties of the SMGs. We determined the sub-arcsecond positions of six Herschel sources with the Very Large Array and obtained secure redshift identification for three of those with near-infrared spectroscopy. The QSO sightlines probe transverse proper distances of 112, 157, and 198. kpc at foreground redshifts of 2.043, 2.515, and 2.184, respectively, which are comparable to the virial radius of the similar to 10(13) M circle dot halos expected to host SMGs. High-quality absorption-line spectroscopy of the QSOs reveals systematically strong H I Ly alpha absorption around all three SMGs, with rest-frame equivalent widths of similar to 2-3 A. However, none of the three absorbers exhibit compelling evidence for optically thick H I gas or metal absorption, in contrast to the dominance of strong neutral absorbers in the CGM of luminous z similar to 2 QSOs. The low covering factor of optically thick H I gas around SMGs tentatively indicates that SMGs may not have as prominent cool gas reservoirs in their halos as the coeval QSOs and that they may inhabit less massive halos than previously thought.

Optical absorption line techniques have been applied to the study of a number of translucent molecular clouds in which the total column densities are large enough that substantial molecular abundances can be maintained. Results are presented for a survey of absorption lines of interstellar C2, CH, and CN. Detections of CN through the A2II -X2E+ (1,0) and (2,0) bands of the red system are reported, and are compared with observations of the blue system for one line of sight. The population distributions in C2 provide diagnostic information on temperature and density. The measured column densities of the three species can be used to test details of the theory of molecule formation in clouds where photo -processes still play a significant role. The C2 and CH column densities are strongly correlated with each other and probably also with the H2 column density. In contrast, the CN column densities are found to vary greatly from cloud to cloud. The observations are discussed with reference to detailed theoretical models.

M.Sc. (Chemistry) / A brief discussion of gas-solid interactions is given. The choice of reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and the Kelvin probe as surface analytical techniques resulted in a visit to the physical research laboratory of Prof. J, Pritchard at Queen Mary College (London) . At this laboratory the author took part in the development of a wavelength modulation spectrometer. A spectrometer in the RAIRS mode and a Kelvin probe were used to study the adsorption of CO on a Cu(110) single crystal ...

The overall aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of relevant exposure parameters when discussing possible health implication from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF), especially effects that might occur at non-thermal levels. In this thesis an effort is made to broaden the exposure assessment and to take the exposure time into account and combine it with the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and the field parameters (electric and magnetic field strength) to approach a dose concept. In the first part of the thesis self-reported subjective symptoms among mobile phone users were studied. As a basis for this an epidemiological study among mobile phone users was completed with the main hypothesis that users of the digital transmission system GSM experience more symptoms than users of the older analogue NMT transmission system. The hypothesis was falsified, but an interesting side finding was that people with longer calling time per day experienced more symptoms than people with shorter calling time per day. The time-aspect (long duration phone call etc.) was also found to be relevant for the occurrence of symptoms in association with mobile phone use as well as duration of symptoms. The new suggested dosimetric quantity Specific Absorption per Day (SAD), in which both calling time per day as well as the measured SAR1g are included showed a stronger association to the prevalence of some of the symptoms, such as dizziness, discomfort and warmth behind the ear compared to both CT and SAR1g alone. In the second part whole body exposure conditions were considered. Methods to measure the induced current were examined in an experimental study, where different techniques were compared in different grounding conditions. The results were used in a study of operators of RF plastic sealers (RF operators) where the health status as well as the exposure were studied. The results showed that RF operators are a highly exposed group, which was confirmed by the fact that 16 out of 46 measured work places exceeded the ICNIRP guidelines. Headaches were found to be associated with the mean value of the time integrated E-field during a weld (E-weld) and the warmth sensations in the hands (warm hands) with the time integrated E-field exposure during one day (E-day). The general findings in this thesis indicated that time should be included in the exposure assessment when studying non-thermal effects such as subjective symptoms in connection with RF exposure. The thesis proposes two different methods for doing this, namely timeintegrated exposure [V/m x t and A/m x t] and dose [J/kg].

Cette thèse porte sur une étude expérimentale et théorique de surfaces micro-structurées de silicium, obtenues par traitement dans un plasma SF6/02 à des températures cryogéniques. La texturation qui résulte de ce traitement confère à ces surfaces des propriétés remarquables. L'une d'entre elles est la capacité de piéger et absorber la lumière, qui se traduit par une couleur noire de ces surfaces, d'où l'appellation Black Silicon. Cette propriété qu'on retrouve dans la gamme spectrale du visible et du proche infra-rouge, présente un intérêt particulier pour la conversion d'énergie solaire, aussi bien par voie photovoltaïque que par voie photo-thermique. L'étude que nous avons menée a toutefois porté sur une gamme spectrale plus large, s'étendant jusqu'aux Térahertz. A cet effet, différentes techniques de caractérisation spectrales ont été mises en œuvre. L'analyse des résultats a été effectuée également au moyen de simulations électromagnétiques. Des corrélations ont été mises en évidence entre les propriétés optiques et les caractéristiques morphologiques des surfaces micro-structurées. L'analyse d'images prises au microscope électronique a permis d'esquisser une théorie pour tenter d'expliquer le mécanisme de formation des microstructures de Black Silicon. Enfin, un microcomposant a été réalisé en vue de mettre en œuvre le premier volet applicatif de ce travail. Il s'agit d'un dispositif de conversion photo-thermique qui incorpore des thermo-résistances en platine sur une surface de Black Silicon réalisée sur une membrane thermiquement isolée / This thesis deals with an experimental and theoretical study of micro-structured silicon surfaces, obtained by processing in SF6/02 plasma at cryogenic temperatures. Texturing which results from this treatment gives remarkable properties to these surfaces. One of them is the ability to trap and absorb light, resulting in a black color of the surface, hence the name of Black Silicon. This property that we find in the visible and near infrared spectral ranges, is of particular interest for solar energy conversion, both through photovoltaic and photo-thermal means. The study that we conducted, however, covered a much wider spectral range, extending to the Terahertz. For this purpose, different spectral characterization techniques have been implemented. Analysis of the results was also done using electromagnetic simulations. Correlations were found between the optical and morphological characteristics of micro-structured surfaces. The analysis of images taken by electron microscopy allowed sketching a theory attempting to explain the mechanism of formation of the microstructures of Black Silicon. Finally, a micro-component has been fabricated towards implementing the first part of this application work. It is a photo-thermal conversion device that incorporates platinum thermo-resistance on a surface of Black Silicon, realized on a thermally insulated Silicon membrane