Dans ce présent travail, nous étudions la signification de l’abstrait et du concret dans la physique de Leibniz à l’époque de Mayence (1668–1672 mars). La question la plus profonde pour Leibniz est de savoir dans quelle condition le concept d’action est appliqué au corps. Sa recherche de la physique consiste en deux points : la recherche de la signification spécifique de la substantialité du corps ; celle de l’extension de l’usage de l’action – ce sont les sujets essentiels dans sa théologie –. Ainsi comprise, sa réflexion déployée dans la théorie abstraite montrent que les concepts principaux dans sa théorie du mouvement — la grandeur, la figure et le mouvement— sont analysés selon l’usage propre dans chaque contexte où ils apparaissent. Grâce à cette recherche, Leibniz reçoit le concept du conatus par Hobbes. Ces réflexions préparent le côté abstrait de sa physique. Au cours de ce processus, Leibniz s’intéresse également à la sensibilité de l’être humain. Ce sujet est relié à la fois à la recherche de la nature fondamentale de l’esprit humain et à la phénoménalité du monde corporel. Par cela, Leibniz ouvre la voie pour la recherche du phénomène sensible dans la physique qui constitue le côté concret de sa physique. Avec l'ensemble de ses recherches, Leibniz fonde ses deux premiers traités dans la physique qui se répartissent en une théorie abstraite et une théorie concrète. Pour les intégrer dans la physique, Leibniz emploie le concept d’oeconomia. Ceci montre que le jeune Leibniz cherche à établir une physique qui s’enracine dans sa métaphysique, mais qui est autonome en tant que science. / In this present work, we study the meaning of the abstract and the concrete in Leibniz's physics at the time of Mainz (1668–1672 March). Through his hylomorphism, Leibniz seeks to consider how to apply the concept of action to the body. In this perspective, his search for physics consists of two points: 1/ the search for the specific meaning of the substantiality of the body; 2/ the search for the extension of the use of action – these are essential subjects in his theology –. Thus understood, his reflection in the abstract theory show that the main concepts in his theory of motion - size, figure and movement - sont analysed according to the specific use in each context in which they appear. Thanks to this research, Leibniz receives the concept of the conatus by Hobbes. These reflections prepare the abstract side of his physics. During this process, Leibniz is also interested in the sensitivity of the human being. This subject is related both to the search for the fundamental nature of the human mind and to the phenomenality of the corporeal world. From there, Leibniz opened the way for the search for the sensitive phenomenon in physics, which constitutes the concrete side of his physics. With all this research, Leibniz founded his first two treatises in physics, which are divided into abstract theory and concrete theory. To integrate abstract and concrete into physics, Leibniz uses the concept of oeconomia. This shows that young Leibniz is seeking to establish physics, which is rooted in his metaphysics, but which is autonomous as a science.

Detta arbete visar en möjlig väg för skapandet av en utökad norm/lagprövning genom att öka lagrådets befogenheter samt självständighet, där den lagstiftande församlingen samt den dömande och uttolkande myndigheten får en tydligare gräns än tidigare, där lagprövning står i fokus. Detta görs utifrån svensk rättstradition, där tidigare lagar omarbetats samt omplacerats utifrån traditionell rättsutredning. Lagrådet har givits en egen personalbudget vilket tidigare låg under Högsta domstolen samt ett eget kapitel i Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform - RF. Lagrådets befogenheter och sammansättning har utökats samt deras tillsättning har överförts från politisk tillsättning till domarnämnden vilket omfattas av flera grupper från samhället, inte bara av politiker. Dessa sammanlagda åtgärder ger ett ökat tryck på parter att göra rätt från början i ett lagarbete, men det ger också möjlighet till att i efterhand granska och omarbeta fel som visat sig på vägen i ett konkret arbete. Detta systematiska sätt att arbeta ger en ökad öppenhet samt rättssäkerhet kring lagskapande och granskande arbete på ett ekonomiskt fördelaktigt sätt. / This work shows a possible path for the inception of an expanded norm / law review by increasing the powers for Council of law and its independence, where the legislative government and the judging law reviewing parts will have a clearer boundary than before, where legal reviewing is in focus. This is done on the basis of Swedish legal tradition, where previous laws have been revised and repositioned based on traditional legal reviewing method. The law council has been given its own staff budget, which was previously under the Supreme Court, and it has been given a separate chapter in The (1974:152) Instrument of government- RF. The council's powers and composition have been expanding and their appointment has been transferred from political appointment to the judicial committee, which is covered by several groups from society, not just by politicians. These aggregated measures give a total increase in pressure on parties to do right from the start, but also give the opportunity to retrospectively review and rework errors that have proven themselves in court’s rulings. This systematic way of working provides increased transparency and legal certainty of reviewing and creating of new law in a positive economic way.