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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves[247]-281).

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The role of the media as a watchdog for the social institution of science is viewed as part of the media’s role to protect society. In this regard, the role of media was studied in reporting the phenomenon of the commercialisation of academic research at universities. The current study was conducted by analysing articles in 2 scientific journals (Science and Nature) and 4 printed newspapers (The New York Times, London Times, Mail & Gaurdian, Business Day) for the year 2003. The methods of investigation for each publication included the number of articles covering the topic, the percentage coverage, headline analysis, summary of contents and analysis of the themes. The New York Times had more articles on the topic of the “commercialisation of science at universities” than the other publications. However, based on the number of issues per year, Science and Nature had a greater coverage of the topic than The New York Times. Based on the analyses of the articles, it is concluded that The New York Times had the most balanced and informed coverage of all the issues and stakeholders involved in the commercialisation of science at universities. This is attributed to the The New York Times’s position of standing outside the realm of science and its experience in covering broad issues. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die rol van die media as ‘n waghond vir die sosiale instelling van die wetenskap, word gesien as deel van die media se rol as die beskermer van die samelewing. In hierdie opsig is die media se rol in die verslaglewering van die kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite ondersoek. Hierdie studie is uitgevoer deur artikels in 2 wetenskaplike vaktydskrifte (Science en Nature) en 4 koerante (The New York Times, London Times, Mail & Guardian, Business Day) vir die jaar 2003, te analiseer. Die metodes wat gebruik is om elke artikel te ontleed, het die aantal artikels, die persentasie van artikels in elke publikasie, hoofopskrif analise, opsomming van inhoud en ‘n analise van die artikel se tema, ingesluit. The New York Times het meer artikels omtrent die onderwerp, die “kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite”, as die ander publikasies gehad. Gebaseer op die aantal uitgawes per jaar, het Science en Nature meer aandag geskenk aan die onderwerp as The New York Times. Volgens die analises van die artikels, word afgeleui dat The New York Times die mees gebalanseerde en ingeligte dekking gehad het oor die betrokke sake en partye in die “kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite”. Dit word toegeskryf aan die The New York Times se posisie as buitestaander in die wetenskap en die koerant se ondervinding om ‘n wye veld te dek.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / Universities have long been recognised as sources of knowledge creation, innovation and technological advancements. Interest in academic entrepreneurship and the establishment of university spin-off companies has grown in South Africa over the past 10 years. South Africa’s national research and development strategy argues that economic growth and wealth generation are founded on innovation. The area of university entrepreneurial behaviour and technology commercialisation has attracted much research attention in recent years especially as more innovative solutions are sought for the world’s ever growing socioeconomic challenges. In view of this, the South African government has made considerable and various efforts to promote the creation and commercialisation of research output in the university context. Against the aforementioned, this study seeks to understand the position of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) as a university of technology in terms of commercialisation and technology creation since the 2005 merger. More specifically, the study seeks to understand the dynamics surrounding the creation and transfer of technology in South Africa, using CPUT as a case study.

Academic knowledge and technology transfer has been growing in importance both in academic research and practice. A critical question in managing this activity is how to evaluate its effectiveness. The literature shows an increasing number of studies done to address this question; however, it also reveals important gaps that need more research. One novel approach is to evaluate the effectiveness of this activity from an organizational point of view, which is to measure how much knowledge and technology transfer from a university fulfills the mission of the institution. This research develops a Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) to measure the contribution values of various knowledge and technology transfer mechanisms to the achievement of the mission. The performance values obtained from the university under investigation are applied to the model to develop a Knowledge and Technology Transfer Effectiveness Index for that university. The Index helps an academic institution assess the current performance of its knowledge and technology transfer with respect to its mission. This robust model also helps decision makers discover areas where the university is performing well, or needs to pay more attention. In addition, the university can benchmark its own performance against its peers in order to set up a roadmap for improvement. It is proved that this is the first index in the literature which truly evaluates the effectiveness of university knowledge and technology transfer from an organizational perspective. It is also the first method that incorporates hard data of university technology transfer and expert judgments into the evaluation of the effectiveness of the activity. Practitioners in the area of academic technology transfer can also apply this evaluation model to quantitatively evaluate the performance of their institutions for strategic decision making purposes.

Academic spin-off companies in the Czech Republic My personal interest in understanding the mechanisms and structures of academic society was the reason for choosing the topic. The issue of academic entrepreneurship the author met during my employment at Palacky University. In the course of work related to the preparation of internal documents regulating the Palacky University shareholding in the business of other legal persons, I faced many problems that emanated from a specific college status as legal persons under public law and traits that show business companies in which the partial ownership belongs to a research organisation. Due to the fact that the topic is completely untreated in the Czech literature, I decided to compile my findings on the functioning of academic spin-off companies in the thesis. The thesis is divided into five content bearing chapters (total work has 10 chapters). The first chapter contains the introduction. The second chapter is divided into three parts and deals with the definition of the concept, types and models of formation of academic spin-off companies. The third chapter describes the historical background and the context of academic spin-off companies' creation in the United States, Europe and the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the interaction between the academic...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6831.pdf: 1954754 bytes, checksum: eede2cf4da25c4f99b932a80fa9dde89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-20 / This paper presents a model which aims to stimulate the creation of academic spin-offs by Brazilian Scientific and Technological Institutions (STI), based on experiences of the University of Georgia, University of California, Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Porto - institutions with high rates of business creation and environment articulate entrepreneur. This model consists of a set of actions or activities that aim to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The research that led to the model took place in six stages: Characterization of North American Universities (Phase I); Ecosystem Analysis Entrepreneurs (Phase II); Research (Phase III); Development Model to Business Creation (Stage IV); Model Validation by Expert Panel (Stage V) and Settings (Stage VI). The first version of the model was based on the Babson Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Project, stimulus bill entrepreneurship, developed by Daniel Isenberg. The project unfolded in a model that shows that an environment to encourage entrepreneurship is not made up of only one element, but by a group of structures that working together strengthen this ecosystem. The initial model constructed by this research we used the six elements specified by Isenberg, namely: policies, financial resources, culture, supporting institutions, human capital and markets. The first version of the created model was then validated by the Expert Panel for Technical. The second version of the model, now validated - Model for Spin-offs Creation of Academic Based on Ecosystem Entrepreneurs - consists of three basic elements: the institutional arrangements, policies and entrepreneurial culture. The institutional arrangements are formed by agencies that facilitate technology development, the Technology Transfer Office (TTO), the Center for Entrepreneurship (CE), the Business School (BS), the Incubators and Science Parks (I / SP), the Junior Enterprise (EJ) and Entrepreneurs Network (RE). In addition to the institutional arrangements, the model is composed of other permeable layers, which are the policies that regulate the actions in this ecosystem and the entrepreneurial culture that disseminates the concept within the institution. Permeable layers are justified because they represent a border that information, knowledge and financial resources circulate between these elements that make up the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the external environment. And in that ecosystem also move new ventures. The model provides guidance in three of STI ripening stages: initial, intermediate and mature. The first STI fits into one of these stages and then uses the appropriate guidance to its stage. / Este trabalho apresenta um modelo que visa estimular a criação de spin-offs acadêmicas por Instituições Científicas e Tecnológicas (ICTs) brasileiras, fundamentado em experiências das Universidades da Geórgia, da Califórnia, Politécnica de Valência e do Porto - instituições com altas taxas de criação desse tipo de empresa e com ambiente empreendedor bem articulado. Este modelo é constituído por um conjunto de ações ou atividades que objetivam fortalecer o ecossistema empreendedor. A pesquisa que deu origem ao modelo ocorreu em seis etapas: Caracterização das Universidades Norte-Americanas (Etapa I); Análise de Ecossistemas Empreendedores (Etapa II); Pesquisa de Campo (Etapa III); Desenvolvimento do Modelo de Estímulo à Criação de Empresas (Etapa IV); Validação do Modelo por Painel de Especialistas (Etapa V) e Ajustes/Redefinição do Modelo (Etapa VI). A primeira versão do modelo baseouse no Babson Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Project, projeto de estímulo ao empreendedorismo, desenvolvido por Daniel Isenberg. O projeto desdobrou-se em um modelo que revela que um ambiente para fomentar o empreendedorismo não é formado por apenas um elemento, mas por um grupo de estruturas que trabalhando em conjunto fortalecem esse ecossistema. O modelo inicial construído por essa pesquisa utilizou-se dos seis elementos especificados por Isenberg, que são: políticas, recursos financeiros, cultura, instituições de apoio, capital humano e mercados. A primeira versão do modelo criado foi então validado pela Técnica de Painel de Especialistas. A segunda versão do modelo, agora validado - Modelo de Estímulo para a Criação de Spin-offs Acadêmicas Baseado em Ecossistemas Empreendedores - é composto por três elementos-base: os arranjos institucionais, as políticas e a cultura empreendedora. Os arranjos institucionais são formados por órgãos que facilitam o desenvolvimento tecnológico, o Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia (ETT), o Centro de Empreendedorismo (CE), a Escola de Negócios (EN), as Incubadoras e Parques Tecnológicos (I/P), as Empresas Juniores (EJ) e a Rede de Empreendedores (RE). Além dos arranjos institucionais, o modelo é composto por outras camadas permeáveis, que são as políticas, que normatizam as ações nesse ecossistema e a cultura empreendedora que dissemina o conceito dentro da instituição. As camadas permeáveis justificam-se porque representam um contorno em que informações, conhecimentos e recursos financeiros circulam entre esses elementos que compõem o ecossistema empreendedor e o ambiente externo. E nesse ecossistema também movem-se novos empreendimentos. O modelo oferece orientações em três estágios de amadurecimento da ICT: inicial, intermediário e maduro. A ICT primeiro se encaixa em um desses estágios e em seguida utiliza as orientações adequadas à sua fase.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5768.pdf: 1096909 bytes, checksum: 724fa8e622698b1b18979ac73b4dbbfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / One witness a world in which a company, to survive in a increasingly competitive market, needs to lauch new products in a dwindling time. To reach this, the company needs to acquire technologies, knowledge, skills and abilities through the innovation in both products and processes. In this context, there are the technology parks, that are physical spaces where it happens technology, innovation and information sharing. A technology park works as a mechanism for business: there are technology-based companies, business incubators, universities, research institutions, higher education institutions and research laboratories. Thus, it creats a propitios environment so that there are relationships between companies and universities, or, in other words, academic knowledge becomes a part of the daily business and it develops itself in innovation that can be marketed. So that the park can achieve it goals and develop and disseminate technological processes it needs to establish strong links with government institutions, compnies that complies with its objective and universities that are able to provide academic knowledge. This study aims to determine whether the presence of a technology park encourages the creation and development of academic spin-offs in São Carlos city (SP). It was a multi case study in São Carlos Science Park and Parque Eco Tecnológico Damha-São Carlos. As the mainly results, it was possible to note that having two technology parks in the city was not enough to stimulate the creation of academic spin-offs, but it is enough to maintain and develop the spin-offs that already been created. Besides, it was possible to note that the entrepreneurs miss the incentive from the university to create academic spin-offs and to create links with incubators and technology parks. / Presencia-se um mundo no qual uma empresa, para sobreviver em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, precisa lançar produtos novos em um espaço de tempo cada vez menor. Para que consiga isso, a empresa precisa adquirir tecnologias, conhecimento, habilidades e competências por meio da inovação, tanto em seus produtos quando em seus processos. Neste contexto, aparecem os parques tecnológicos, definidos como espaços físicos aonde acontece o compartilhamento de tecnologia, inovação e informação. Um parque tecnológico funciona como um mecanismo de negócios: nele estão empresas de base tecnológica, incubadoras de empresas, universidades, institutos de pesquisa e de ensino superior e laboratórios de pesquisa. Desta forma, cria-se um ambiente propício para que haja relações entre empresas e universidades, ou seja, o conhecimento acadêmico passa a integrar o cotidiano das empresas e se desenvolve em inovação que pode ser comercializada. Para que o parque tecnológico consiga atingir seus objetivos e desenvolver e difundir os processos tecnológicos, ele precisa estabelecer relações fortes com instituições governamentais, empresas que estejam de acordo com seus objetivos e universidades que forneçam o conhecimento acadêmico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar como a presença de um parque tecnológico estimula a criação e o desenvolvimento de spin-offs acadêmicos na cidade de São Carlos - SP. Foi feito um estudo multicaso no São Carlos Science Park e no Parque Eco Tecnológico Damha-São Carlos, além de seis empresas do tipo spin-off acadêmico localizadas na Fundação ParqTec, que é uma incubadora de empresas, em São Carlos. Como resultados principais, foi possível observar que a presença de Parques Tecnológicos não é suficiente para se estimular a criação de spin-offs acadêmicos, mas é necessária para manter e desenvolver os que existem. Além disso, foi possível notar que os empreendedores sentem falta do incentivo da universidade para criação de spin-offs e para o estabelecimento de relações destas com incubadoras e parques tecnológicos.

Submitted by Débora Horn (debora@relataeditorial.com) on 2018-09-11T21:25:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1050196 bytes, checksum: eefdf687b803eb3de83e8c396aa37301 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-12T17:30:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1050196 bytes, checksum: eefdf687b803eb3de83e8c396aa37301 (MD5) / Rejected by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Débora, Sua submissão foi rejeitada, pois o nome que consta na ficha catalográfica está diferente do nome enviado na solicitação da ficha feito à biblioteca. Pedimos que entre em contato com a equipe da Biblioteca Digital, através do telefone (11) 3799-7732, para maiores esclarecimentos. Att., Isabele Garcia on 2018-09-12T18:15:17Z (GMT) / Submitted by Débora Horn (debora@relataeditorial.com) on 2018-09-13T12:50:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1074278 bytes, checksum: fe9e1dc163c888882e695c3422339269 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-13T20:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1074278 bytes, checksum: fe9e1dc163c888882e695c3422339269 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-14T12:25:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1074278 bytes, checksum: fe9e1dc163c888882e695c3422339269 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T12:25:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGC_Sustentabilidade_TA_Debora Horn_2.pdf: 1074278 bytes, checksum: fe9e1dc163c888882e695c3422339269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-16 / Este Trabalho Aplicado se dedica a identificar aspectos fundamentais de sustentabilidade a serem inseridos na estratégia competitiva de uma organização nascente, caracterizada como uma spin-off acadêmica do setor de agronegócios. Como resultado de uma pesquisa-ação, ancorada em métodos qualitativos, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de intervenção que, considerando o contexto organizacional e o contexto de sustentabilidade, definiu seis aspectos fundamentais a serem inseridos no planejamento estratégico da organização em foco, dos quais derivam uma série de ações a executar e indicadores de desempenho a monitorar. A fim de superar os desafios relacionados à maturidade do negócio quanto ao tema, a pesquisa sugere um método alternativo à identificação dos aspectos fundamentais, que busca conectar a percepção dos gestores e a cultura organizacional já existente à agenda global de sustentabilidade. Embora restritos ao contexto de uma única organização, os resultados da pesquisa podem contribuir para processos similares em outras empresas nascentes, ampliando a reflexão sobre meios e métodos que assegurem o equilíbrio entre aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais na estratégia competitiva. / This Term Paper consists of identifying the fundamental sustainability aspects to be inserted in the competitive strategy of an incipient organization, herein defined as an academic spin-off company in the agribusiness sector. A qualitative action research was executed, and an intervention proposal was developed. The intervention proposal defined six fundamental aspects, considering organizational and sustainability contexts, to be inserted in the strategic planning of said organization, resulting in a series of actions and performance indicators to be executed and monitored. Aiming to overcome business maturity challenges of such matters, the research suggests an alternative method to identify fundamental aspects, seeking to connect management perception and current organizational culture with the global sustainability agenda. Although the research was restricted to the context of a single organization, the results may contribute to similar processes in other incipient companies, broadening the reflection on means and methods that can help ensure a balance between the economic, social and environmental aspects of a competitive strategy.