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Understanding the lifetime behavior of their products is crucial to the success of any company in the manufacturing and engineering industries. Statistical methods for lifetime data are a key component to achieving this level of understanding. Sometimes a statistical procedure must be updated to be adequate for modeling specific data as is discussed in Chapter 2. However, there are cases in which the methods used in industrial standards are themselves inadequate. This is distressing as more appropriate statistical methods are available but remain unused. The research in Chapter 4 deals with such a situation. The research in Chapter 3 serves as a combination of both scenarios and represents how both statisticians and engineers from the industry can join together to yield beautiful results. After introducing basic concepts and notation in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 focuses on lifetime prediction for a product consisting of multiple components. During the production period, some components may be upgraded or replaced, resulting in a new ``generation" of component. Incorporating this information into a competing risks model can greatly improve the accuracy of lifetime prediction. A generalized competing risks model is proposed and simulation is used to assess its performance. In Chapter 3, optimal and compromise test plans are proposed for constant amplitude fatigue testing. These test plans are based on a nonlinear physical model from the fatigue literature that is able to better capture the nonlinear behavior of fatigue life and account for effects from the testing environment. Sensitivity to the design parameters and modeling assumptions are investigated and suggestions for planning strategies are proposed. Chapter 4 considers the analysis of ADDT data for the purposes of estimating a thermal index. The current industry standards use a two-step procedure involving least squares regression in each step. The methodology preferred in the statistical literature is the maximum likelihood procedure. A comparison of the procedures is performed and two published datasets are used as motivating examples. The maximum likelihood procedure is presented as a more viable alternative to the two-step procedure due to its ability to quantify uncertainty in data inference and modeling flexibility. / Ph. D.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, December 2014. / Industrial units cannot operate without failure forever. When the operation of a unit deviates from industrial standards, it is considered to have failed. The time from the moment a unit enters service until it fails is its lifetime. Within reliability and often in life data analysis in general, lifetime is the event of interest. For highly reliable units, accelerated life testing is required to obtain lifetime data quickly. Accelerated tests where failure is not instantaneous, but the end point of an underlying degradation process are considered. Failure during testing occurs when the performance of the unit falls to some specified threshold value such that the unit fails to meet industrial specifications though it has some residual functionality (degraded failure) or decreases to a critical failure level so that the unit cannot perform its function to any degree (critical failure). This problem formulation satisfies the random signs property, a notable competing risks formulation originally developed in maintenance studies but extended to accelerated testing here. Since degraded and critical failures are linked through the degradation process, the open problem of modelling dependent competing risks is discussed. A copula model is assumed and expert opinion is used to estimate the copula. Observed occurrences of degraded and critical failure times are interpreted as times when the degradation process first crosses failure thresholds and are therefore postulated to be distributed as inverse Gaussian. Based on the estimated copula, a use-level unit lifetime distribution is extrapolated from test data. Reliability metrics from the extrapolated use-level unit lifetime distribution are found to differ slightly with respect to different degrees of stochastic dependence between the risks. Consequently, a degree of dependence between the risks that is believed to be realistic to admit is considered an important factor when estimating the use-level unit lifetime distribution from test data. Keywords: Lifetime; Accelerated testing; Competing risks; Copula; First passage time.

Estimar com acurácia a vida útil de um pavimento é um dos maiores desafios que enfrentam os engenheiros rodoviários. Recentemente uma nova ferramenta tem sido utilizada para estimar de forma mais realista o desempenho de pavimentos; trata-se dos simuladores de tráfego. Neste contexto, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo do comportamento de um pavimento flexível típico da Região Sul do Brasil, submetido a ensaios acelerados com um simulador de tráfego linear móvel (semelhante ao HVS da República Sul-Africana). O pavimento encontra-se na rodovia BR-290, uma das principais vias do Rio Grande do Sul, que está desde 1997 sob concessão à iniciativa privada. De maio a outubro de 2007 duas seções testes com idêntica estrutura de pavimento, construídas em outubro de 2004, foram solicitadas pelo simulador de tráfego. A primeira seção teste, situada na faixa externa da pista, tinha sido solicitada pelo tráfego real (com elevada concentração de veículos de carga), estimando-se que, desde a construção até o início dos ensaios acelerados, recebera aproximadamente 4,0 x106 operações equivalentes do eixo padrão (eixo simples com rodas duplas com carga igual a 8,2 tf), calculadas empregando-se os fatores de equivalência de carga da AASHTO (NAASHTO). A outra seção teste, por estar situada no acostamento da rodovia, praticamente não tinha sido previamente solicitada pelo tráfego. O simulador de tráfego aplicou a essas seções testes, respectivamente, 170 mil e 255 mil ciclos de carga de um semi-eixo simples de rodas duplas de 8 tf (equivalente a carga de eixo de 16 tf). Para acompanhar o comportamento do pavimento, mediram-se, ao longo dos períodos de ensaio, deflexões e afundamentos nas trilhas de rodas. Trincas foram medidas e mapeadas, calculando-se um índice de densidade de trincamento. Dados de temperatura e precipitação pluviométrica também foram obtidos. As medidas de campo evidenciaram uma significativa aceleração na degradação do pavimento quando submetido à ação do simulador. Com os ensaios acelerados concluídos, amostras das camadas asfálticas das duas seções testes foram extraídas, determinando-se em laboratório valores de resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência (com diferentes tempos de carga) e curvas de fadiga. Desse modo, foi possível estimar a tendência de desempenho do pavimento desde a sua construção até o término de sua vida de serviço, comparando-se a ação do simulador com a do tráfego real. Na análise foram considerados os efeitos da velocidade (baixa) do carregamento imposto pelo simulador de tráfego nos módulos de deformabilidade do ligante asfáltico e da mistura asfáltica. Também foi avaliado o efeito acelerador na degradação do pavimento, decorrente das elevadas tensões geradas pela carga de eixo do simulador, muito superior às correspondentes a veículos comerciais. Assim, estimou-se que um ciclo de carga (carga de eixo de 16 tf) do simulador móvel, aplicado à velocidade de 8 km/h, corresponde à passagem de 30 a 40 eixos padrão, na velocidade do tráfego real, e que a vida de serviço do pavimento analisado é de aproximadamente 8,2 x106 eixos padrão (NAASHTO). / The accurate prediction of pavements lives is one of the most difficult challenges that Pavement Engineers face. Traffic simulators have been recently used as a new tool to improve the prediction of pavements performances: In this context, this MSc Thesis presents a study on the behavior of an asphalt pavement with structure typical of those built in Southern Brazil, submitted to accelerated testing by a mobile traffic simulator (similar to the South African HVS). The pavement is on BR-290, one of the most important highways in Rio do Grande do Sul (Brazil southernmost state); a toll-road since 1997. From May to October 2007, two test sections with identical structures, built in 2004, were loaded by the traffic simulator. The first section was in one of the outer lanes of the highway and before the beginning of accelerated tests had been trafficked by some 4 million ESALs (82 kN equivalent single axle loads). The other test section, since was on one of the highway shoulders, had practically received no traffic. The traffic simulator applied 170,000 and 255,000 repetitions of 160-kN axle load to those test sections, respectively. In order to follow pavement performance along the traffic periods, deflections and rut depths were measured. Cracks were mapped as soon as they appeared and a Cracking Density Index was computed. Air temperature and rainfall data were also stored. Field measurements displayed a remarkably acceleration in pavements distress due to the traffic simulator action. After accelerated testing ending, asphalt mixes specimens were cored and tested to tensile strength and resilient modulus. Fatigue curves were also obtained through laboratory testing. Accelerated testing, complemented by laboratory results, allowed estimating a tendency for pavement performance, from construction to the end of its service live, and comparing the action of the traffic simulator to that of real traffic. The effects of the low loading speed of the traffic simulator on the asphalt binder and asphalt mixture resilient modulus were evaluated; as well as the acceleration of pavements distress due to high stresses generated by the traffic simulator axle load, that largely exceeds those applied by commercial vehicles. Thus, it was estimated that a loading cycle (160-kN axle load) of the traffic simulator, applied at 8 km/h, would cause the same distress than 30 to 40 ESALs applied at commercial speed. It was also concluded that the service life of the analyzed pavement structure was approximately 8.2 million ESALs.

Estimar com acurácia a vida útil de um pavimento é um dos maiores desafios que enfrentam os engenheiros rodoviários. Recentemente uma nova ferramenta tem sido utilizada para estimar de forma mais realista o desempenho de pavimentos; trata-se dos simuladores de tráfego. Neste contexto, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo do comportamento de um pavimento flexível típico da Região Sul do Brasil, submetido a ensaios acelerados com um simulador de tráfego linear móvel (semelhante ao HVS da República Sul-Africana). O pavimento encontra-se na rodovia BR-290, uma das principais vias do Rio Grande do Sul, que está desde 1997 sob concessão à iniciativa privada. De maio a outubro de 2007 duas seções testes com idêntica estrutura de pavimento, construídas em outubro de 2004, foram solicitadas pelo simulador de tráfego. A primeira seção teste, situada na faixa externa da pista, tinha sido solicitada pelo tráfego real (com elevada concentração de veículos de carga), estimando-se que, desde a construção até o início dos ensaios acelerados, recebera aproximadamente 4,0 x106 operações equivalentes do eixo padrão (eixo simples com rodas duplas com carga igual a 8,2 tf), calculadas empregando-se os fatores de equivalência de carga da AASHTO (NAASHTO). A outra seção teste, por estar situada no acostamento da rodovia, praticamente não tinha sido previamente solicitada pelo tráfego. O simulador de tráfego aplicou a essas seções testes, respectivamente, 170 mil e 255 mil ciclos de carga de um semi-eixo simples de rodas duplas de 8 tf (equivalente a carga de eixo de 16 tf). Para acompanhar o comportamento do pavimento, mediram-se, ao longo dos períodos de ensaio, deflexões e afundamentos nas trilhas de rodas. Trincas foram medidas e mapeadas, calculando-se um índice de densidade de trincamento. Dados de temperatura e precipitação pluviométrica também foram obtidos. As medidas de campo evidenciaram uma significativa aceleração na degradação do pavimento quando submetido à ação do simulador. Com os ensaios acelerados concluídos, amostras das camadas asfálticas das duas seções testes foram extraídas, determinando-se em laboratório valores de resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência (com diferentes tempos de carga) e curvas de fadiga. Desse modo, foi possível estimar a tendência de desempenho do pavimento desde a sua construção até o término de sua vida de serviço, comparando-se a ação do simulador com a do tráfego real. Na análise foram considerados os efeitos da velocidade (baixa) do carregamento imposto pelo simulador de tráfego nos módulos de deformabilidade do ligante asfáltico e da mistura asfáltica. Também foi avaliado o efeito acelerador na degradação do pavimento, decorrente das elevadas tensões geradas pela carga de eixo do simulador, muito superior às correspondentes a veículos comerciais. Assim, estimou-se que um ciclo de carga (carga de eixo de 16 tf) do simulador móvel, aplicado à velocidade de 8 km/h, corresponde à passagem de 30 a 40 eixos padrão, na velocidade do tráfego real, e que a vida de serviço do pavimento analisado é de aproximadamente 8,2 x106 eixos padrão (NAASHTO). / The accurate prediction of pavements lives is one of the most difficult challenges that Pavement Engineers face. Traffic simulators have been recently used as a new tool to improve the prediction of pavements performances: In this context, this MSc Thesis presents a study on the behavior of an asphalt pavement with structure typical of those built in Southern Brazil, submitted to accelerated testing by a mobile traffic simulator (similar to the South African HVS). The pavement is on BR-290, one of the most important highways in Rio do Grande do Sul (Brazil southernmost state); a toll-road since 1997. From May to October 2007, two test sections with identical structures, built in 2004, were loaded by the traffic simulator. The first section was in one of the outer lanes of the highway and before the beginning of accelerated tests had been trafficked by some 4 million ESALs (82 kN equivalent single axle loads). The other test section, since was on one of the highway shoulders, had practically received no traffic. The traffic simulator applied 170,000 and 255,000 repetitions of 160-kN axle load to those test sections, respectively. In order to follow pavement performance along the traffic periods, deflections and rut depths were measured. Cracks were mapped as soon as they appeared and a Cracking Density Index was computed. Air temperature and rainfall data were also stored. Field measurements displayed a remarkably acceleration in pavements distress due to the traffic simulator action. After accelerated testing ending, asphalt mixes specimens were cored and tested to tensile strength and resilient modulus. Fatigue curves were also obtained through laboratory testing. Accelerated testing, complemented by laboratory results, allowed estimating a tendency for pavement performance, from construction to the end of its service live, and comparing the action of the traffic simulator to that of real traffic. The effects of the low loading speed of the traffic simulator on the asphalt binder and asphalt mixture resilient modulus were evaluated; as well as the acceleration of pavements distress due to high stresses generated by the traffic simulator axle load, that largely exceeds those applied by commercial vehicles. Thus, it was estimated that a loading cycle (160-kN axle load) of the traffic simulator, applied at 8 km/h, would cause the same distress than 30 to 40 ESALs applied at commercial speed. It was also concluded that the service life of the analyzed pavement structure was approximately 8.2 million ESALs.

abstract: Encapsulant is a key packaging component of photovoltaic (PV) modules, which protects the solar cell from physical, environmental and electrical damages. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is one of the major encapsulant materials used in the PV industry. This work focuses on indoor accelerated ultraviolet (UV) stress testing and characterization to investigate the EVA discoloration and delamination in PV modules by using various non-destructive characterization techniques, including current-voltage (IV) measurements, UV fluorescence (UVf) and colorimetry measurements. Mini-modules with glass/EVA/cell/EVA/backsheet construction were fabricated in the laboratory with two types of EVA, UV-cut EVA (UVC) and UV-pass EVA (UVP). The accelerated UV testing was performed in a UV chamber equipped with UV lights at an ambient temperature of 50°C, little or no humidity and total UV dosage of 400 kWh/m2. The mini-modules were maintained at three different temperatures through UV light heating by placing different thickness of thermal insulation sheets over the backsheet. Also, prior to thermal insulation sheet placement, the backsheet and laminate edges were fully covered with aluminum tape to prevent oxygen diffusion into the module and hence the photobleaching reaction. The characterization results showed that mini-modules with UV-cut EVA suffered from discoloration while the modules with UV-pass EVA suffered from delamination. UVf imaging technique has the capability to identify the discoloration region in the UVC modules in the very early stage when the discoloration is not visible to the naked eyes, whereas Isc measurement is unable to measure the performance loss until the color becomes visibly darker. YI also provides the direct evidence of yellowing in the encapsulant. As expected, the extent of degradation due to discoloration increases with the increase in module temperature. The Isc loss is dictated by both the regions – discolored area at the center and non-discolored area at the cell edges, whereas the YI is only determined at the discolored region due to low probe area. This led to the limited correlation between Isc and YI in UVC modules. In case of UVP modules, UV radiation has caused an adverse impact on the interfacial adhesion between the EVA and solar cell, which was detected from UVf images and severe Isc loss. No change in YI confirms that the reason for Isc loss is not due to yellowing but the delamination. Further, the activation energy of encapsulant discoloration was estimated by using Arrhenius model on two types of data, %Isc drop and ΔYI. The Ea determined from the change in YI data for the EVA encapsulant discoloration reaction without the influence of oxygen and humidity is 0.61 eV. Based on the activation energy determined in this work and hourly weather data of any site, the degradation rate for the encaspulant browning mode can be estimated. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Chemical Engineering 2018

Estimar com acurácia a vida útil de um pavimento é um dos maiores desafios que enfrentam os engenheiros rodoviários. Recentemente uma nova ferramenta tem sido utilizada para estimar de forma mais realista o desempenho de pavimentos; trata-se dos simuladores de tráfego. Neste contexto, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo do comportamento de um pavimento flexível típico da Região Sul do Brasil, submetido a ensaios acelerados com um simulador de tráfego linear móvel (semelhante ao HVS da República Sul-Africana). O pavimento encontra-se na rodovia BR-290, uma das principais vias do Rio Grande do Sul, que está desde 1997 sob concessão à iniciativa privada. De maio a outubro de 2007 duas seções testes com idêntica estrutura de pavimento, construídas em outubro de 2004, foram solicitadas pelo simulador de tráfego. A primeira seção teste, situada na faixa externa da pista, tinha sido solicitada pelo tráfego real (com elevada concentração de veículos de carga), estimando-se que, desde a construção até o início dos ensaios acelerados, recebera aproximadamente 4,0 x106 operações equivalentes do eixo padrão (eixo simples com rodas duplas com carga igual a 8,2 tf), calculadas empregando-se os fatores de equivalência de carga da AASHTO (NAASHTO). A outra seção teste, por estar situada no acostamento da rodovia, praticamente não tinha sido previamente solicitada pelo tráfego. O simulador de tráfego aplicou a essas seções testes, respectivamente, 170 mil e 255 mil ciclos de carga de um semi-eixo simples de rodas duplas de 8 tf (equivalente a carga de eixo de 16 tf). Para acompanhar o comportamento do pavimento, mediram-se, ao longo dos períodos de ensaio, deflexões e afundamentos nas trilhas de rodas. Trincas foram medidas e mapeadas, calculando-se um índice de densidade de trincamento. Dados de temperatura e precipitação pluviométrica também foram obtidos. As medidas de campo evidenciaram uma significativa aceleração na degradação do pavimento quando submetido à ação do simulador. Com os ensaios acelerados concluídos, amostras das camadas asfálticas das duas seções testes foram extraídas, determinando-se em laboratório valores de resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência (com diferentes tempos de carga) e curvas de fadiga. Desse modo, foi possível estimar a tendência de desempenho do pavimento desde a sua construção até o término de sua vida de serviço, comparando-se a ação do simulador com a do tráfego real. Na análise foram considerados os efeitos da velocidade (baixa) do carregamento imposto pelo simulador de tráfego nos módulos de deformabilidade do ligante asfáltico e da mistura asfáltica. Também foi avaliado o efeito acelerador na degradação do pavimento, decorrente das elevadas tensões geradas pela carga de eixo do simulador, muito superior às correspondentes a veículos comerciais. Assim, estimou-se que um ciclo de carga (carga de eixo de 16 tf) do simulador móvel, aplicado à velocidade de 8 km/h, corresponde à passagem de 30 a 40 eixos padrão, na velocidade do tráfego real, e que a vida de serviço do pavimento analisado é de aproximadamente 8,2 x106 eixos padrão (NAASHTO). / The accurate prediction of pavements lives is one of the most difficult challenges that Pavement Engineers face. Traffic simulators have been recently used as a new tool to improve the prediction of pavements performances: In this context, this MSc Thesis presents a study on the behavior of an asphalt pavement with structure typical of those built in Southern Brazil, submitted to accelerated testing by a mobile traffic simulator (similar to the South African HVS). The pavement is on BR-290, one of the most important highways in Rio do Grande do Sul (Brazil southernmost state); a toll-road since 1997. From May to October 2007, two test sections with identical structures, built in 2004, were loaded by the traffic simulator. The first section was in one of the outer lanes of the highway and before the beginning of accelerated tests had been trafficked by some 4 million ESALs (82 kN equivalent single axle loads). The other test section, since was on one of the highway shoulders, had practically received no traffic. The traffic simulator applied 170,000 and 255,000 repetitions of 160-kN axle load to those test sections, respectively. In order to follow pavement performance along the traffic periods, deflections and rut depths were measured. Cracks were mapped as soon as they appeared and a Cracking Density Index was computed. Air temperature and rainfall data were also stored. Field measurements displayed a remarkably acceleration in pavements distress due to the traffic simulator action. After accelerated testing ending, asphalt mixes specimens were cored and tested to tensile strength and resilient modulus. Fatigue curves were also obtained through laboratory testing. Accelerated testing, complemented by laboratory results, allowed estimating a tendency for pavement performance, from construction to the end of its service live, and comparing the action of the traffic simulator to that of real traffic. The effects of the low loading speed of the traffic simulator on the asphalt binder and asphalt mixture resilient modulus were evaluated; as well as the acceleration of pavements distress due to high stresses generated by the traffic simulator axle load, that largely exceeds those applied by commercial vehicles. Thus, it was estimated that a loading cycle (160-kN axle load) of the traffic simulator, applied at 8 km/h, would cause the same distress than 30 to 40 ESALs applied at commercial speed. It was also concluded that the service life of the analyzed pavement structure was approximately 8.2 million ESALs.

The thesis first provides a survey of acceleration tests with the focus on automotive component testing. The survey covers multiple types of acceleration tests and sources of stress. The thesis then includes a MATLAB application for the removal of inertia forces, which is applied on two shaft configuration models developed in Pro Engineer. Both models are subjected to stress analysis using FEM in Ansys. The thesis has been carried out in collaboration with TRW-DAS Dačice.

A key factor for driving the shift towards sustainable transportation systems is alternative fuels, where compressed natural gas (CNG) is a beneficial alternative to the conventional fossil fuels with respect to greenhouse gas emissions. A fuel system is needed for heavy-duty natural gas vehicles, in order to transport the highly pressurized gas from the fuel tanks to the internal combustion engine. The fuel system can be contaminated from several different sources – carry-over compressor oil from refuelling stations, water already present in the gas, manufacturing residuals and road dust entering the fuel system via the receptacle valve. The contaminants can induce fuel system failure modes, leading to poor engine performance, increased emissions or gas pressures above component pressure ratings. The objective of this thesis was to develop an accelerated test method to evaluate CNG fuel system robustness against contamination, to be able to prevent CNG fuel system failures and to ensure a high-quality product. The experimental setup was developed to be installed on a truck in order to utilize already present surrounding systems. The setup enables performance testing of six out of nine components belonging to the fuel system, which can be tested individually or combined in an arbitrary way. The setup induces premature failure modes primarily through excessive contamination in a controlled manner. An experimental procedure has been developed as a complement. Validation of metrics through testing is needed before the test method can be considered finalized. / En nyckelfaktor för att driva omställning mot hållbara transportsystem är alternativa bränslen, varpå naturgas (CNG) är ett slagkraftigt alternativ till konventionella fossila bränslen med avseende på utsläpp av växthusgaser. För att kunna transportera den högt trycksatta gasen från bränsletankarna till förbränningsmotorn krävs ett bränslesystem för tunga naturgasfordon. Bränslesystemet kan kontamineras genom ett flertal olika källor – överförd kompressorolja från tankstationer, vatten som redan finns i gasen, tillverkningsrester och vägdamm eller grus som tar sig in i systemet genom bränslepåfyllningsventilen. Kontamineringen kan ge upphov till felmoder i bränslesystemet, vilket leder till låg motorpresentanda, ökade utsläpp eller övertryck i systemet. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utveckla en accelererad testmetod för att utvärdera CNG-bränslesystems robusthet mot kontaminering, för att kunna förebygga systemfel och säkerställa en högkvalitativ produkt. Den experimentella uppställningen utvecklades för att monteras på lastbil, för att på så vis nyttja de kringliggande befintliga systemen. Uppställningen möjliggör prestandaprovning av sex av nio komponenter som tillhör bränslesystemet, som kan testas individuellt eller kombineras på ett godtyckligt sätt. Uppställningen framkallar tidiga felmoder, huvudsakligen genom excessiv kontaminering på ett kontrollerat vis. En metodbeskrivning har utvecklats som ett komplement till den experimentella uppställningen. Validering av metrik genom testning är nödvändigt för att finna testmetoden färdigställd.

Submitted by Karlla Delalibera Chagas null (karlladelalibera@gmail.com) on 2018-05-14T12:25:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação - Karlla Delalibera.pdf: 2936984 bytes, checksum: 3d99ddd54b4c7d3230e5de9070915594 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-05-14T12:53:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chagas_kd_me_prud.pdf: 2936984 bytes, checksum: 3d99ddd54b4c7d3230e5de9070915594 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T12:53:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chagas_kd_me_prud.pdf: 2936984 bytes, checksum: 3d99ddd54b4c7d3230e5de9070915594 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-16 / Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação (PROPG UNESP) / Neste trabalho iremos realizar uma abordagem sobre a modelagem de dados que advém de um teste acelerado. Consideraremos o caso em que a carga de estresse aplicada foi do tipo "step-stress". Para a modelagem, utilizaremos os modelos step-stress simples e múltiplo sob censura tipo II e censura progressiva tipo II, e iremos supor que os tempos de vida dos itens em teste seguem uma distribuição Gama. Além disso, também será utilizado o modelo step-stress simples sob censura tipo II considerando a presença de riscos competitivos. Será realizada uma abordagem clássica, por meio do método de máxima verossimilhança e uma abordagem Bayesiana usando prioris não-informativas, para estimar os parâmetros dos modelos. Temos como objetivo realizar a comparação dessas duas abordagens por meio de simulações para diferentes tamanhos amostrais e utilizando diferentes funções de perda (Erro Quadrático, Linex, Entropia), e através de estatísticas verificaremos qual desses métodos se aproxima mais dos verdadeiros valores dos parâmetros. / In this work, we will perform an approach to data modeling that comes from an accelerated test. We will consider the case where the stress load applied was of the step-stress type. For the modeling, we will use the simple and multiple step-stress models under censorship type II and progressive censorship type II, and we will assume that the lifetimes of the items under test follow a Gamma distribution. In addition, the simple step-stress model under censorship type II will also be used considering the presence of competitive risks. A classical approach will be performed, using the maximum likelihood method and a Bayesian approach using non-informative prioris, to estimate the parameters of the models. We aim to compare these two approaches by simulations for different sample sizes and using different loss functions (Quadratic Error, Linex, Entropy), and through statistics, we will check which of these approaches is closer to the true values of the parameters.