This study explores the potential to increase housing options in the core of Denton, Texas by way of an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) housing type. Literature on ADU development, including state and local laws that enable their development, were reviewed to explore the potential for an ADU initiative in Denton. Case study cities with ADU ordinances, Santa Cruz, CA and El Paso, TX, were reviewed to gather insight on their purpose, process and ordinance. Local multi-family development in downtown Denton was reviewed to document an increase in multi-family development in the core of the city since 2003. City of Denton planning and development policies were reviewed to understand the extent to which ADUs are currently permitted. Finally, based on the literature, case study findings and existing conditions in Denton, this report suggests methods to permit ADUs at a more comprehensive scale. This study concludes with a recommendation to designate the existing infill special purpose district as a boundary to promote comprehensive accessory dwelling unit development within the City of Denton. / text

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Viciée d’incohérences, la théorie de l’accessoire en droit privé mérite d’être repensée. De fait, la recherche des mécanismes à l’œuvre derrière cette théorie permet d’établir deux constats : en premier lieu, l’inopportunité de recourir à la théorie de l’accessoire pour fonder le mécanisme de l’accession ainsi que la dépendance substantielle des sûretés accessoires, quant à leur étendue et quant à leurs modalités, envers la créance qu’elles garantissent ; en second lieu, l’utilisation de la notion de fonction, latente en droit positif, sur laquelle repose la théorie de l’accessoire. Définie comme la contribution à l’accomplissement d’une finalité, la notion de fonction permet, notamment, en matière de contrat ou de clause contractuelle, de traduire l’intérêt économique de l’élément envisagé. Or, il apparaît nécessaire de recourir à cette notion de fonction pour fonder un renouvellement de la théorie de l’accessoire. En effet, d’une part, un raisonnement fondé sur la notion de fonction peut être substitué à la théorie de l’accessoire dans le rôle normatif qu’endosse celle-ci, c’est-à-dire pour justifier la dépendance existentielle de l’accessoire envers le principal : l’accessoire doit s’éteindre ou survivre à la disparition du principal, selon que sa fonction disparaît ou demeure. La notion de fonction permet, d’autre part, de renforcer le seul rôle de la théorie de l’accessoire qui devrait être maintenu en droit positif : son rôle conservatoire. Celui-ci consiste à conserver le lien d’accessoriété, afin que l’accessoire continue de remplir sa fonction auprès du principal. Cela se traduira notamment par une transmission simultanée de l’accessoire et du principal ou, en certains cas, par un dédoublement de la titularité ou de la propriété de l’accessoire. En définitive, le renouvellement de la théorie de l’accessoire devrait passer par une redéfinition des critères de l’accessoriété permettant, notamment, d’inclure dans le champ de la notion d’accessoire les dettes qu’il paraît souhaitable de voir circuler avec la propriété d’un bien. / The accessoire theory is used in French private law in an inconsistent way, due to its multiple applications. Therefore, it was necessary to study this theory and try to give it back some consistency so that it could be used predictably. In order to do that, we tried to identify the rules that are hiding behind the accessoire theory. We came to the conclusion that this theory should not be used to explain the mechanism of accession nor the dependence of the accessoire to the principal, especially in security law. We also brought to light the latent existence of a notion which is able to explain the accessoire theory in most of its applications, that is, the notion of function. This notion, which would allow judges to introduce the economic analysis into their reasoning, designates how a contract or a clause or an obligation contributes to achieve a certain economic result. If it was implemented in positive law, this notion of function could replace the accessoire theory in its normative role, which is to make the accessoire disappear along with the principal. The accessoire theory could then be confined to its preservative role, which is to maintain the link between the accessoire and the principal, in other words, to allow the accessoire to fulfil its function beside the principal. It appears thus that the accessoire theory can be renewed in a consistent way thanks to the notion of function. While carrying out such a renewal, we suggested to include personal burdens into the scope of the notion of accessoire, so that burdens responding to certain criteria can be transferred along, as accessories, with a property, as principal.

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The cerebellum has historically been implicated solely in motor coordination. However, we now know it is a major associative center for sensory input. For example, the vestibulocerebellum (VbC) receives a large projection from retinal recipient nuclei in the Accessory Optic System and pretectum; these nuclei analyze visual optic flow information during self-motion and ultimately function in gaze stabilization. In birds, these nuclei project to the cerebellum directly, as mossy fibres, and indirectly as climbing fibres via the inferior olive. Therefore, there are parallel pathways carrying visual information to the cerebellum; these pathways show a remarkable modular organization. In fact, the pattern of cerebellar afferent and efferent connections, the physiological response properties of Purkinje cells, and a variety of molecular markers, all provide abundant evidence that the vertebrate cerebellum is organized into parasagittal zones. This modular organization exists across several different vertebrate species, suggesting that this basic principle of organization has been evolutionarily conserved and is necessary for fundamental information processing in the cerebellum. Although recent advances have increased our understanding of cerebellar organization, the relationship between these parasagittal patterns and the functional behavior of the cerebellum remains unknown. This dissertation seeks to tie together various features of the zonal organization of the cerebellum, using molecular, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques, and to relate this organization to visual motion processing in the VbC. To investigate the parasagittal biochemical organization we use the molecular marker, zebrin (aldolase C), which is expressed by a subset of Purkinje cells, creating a striped appearance in the cerebellar cortex. We provide the first evidence of the zebrin parasagittal expression pattern in an avian species and then further elucidated the relationship between zebrin stripes and the visual afferent climbing fibre input, mossy fibre input, and the physiological zones in the VbC. There is a substantial, and growing, body of evidence that now suggests a more fundamental cerebellar architecture is built around arrays of parasagittal modules. By understanding the basic principles underlying this organization, we gain insights that may lead to a better understanding of the principles of modular organization in the central nervous system in general. / Neuroscience

01 The Criminal Liability of the Organizer of a Criminal Offence Abstract This thesis focuses on one of the modalities of participation - on organizing. The provisions of Section 24 (1) a) of Act No. 40/2009 Coll. of the Criminal Code mentions organizing in the first place, indicating that it is the most serious form of participation. Organizing is also a form of participation which is quite specific to the Czech legal order. Foreign legal regulations often consider the Czech organizer to be the offender. The aim of this thesis was to thoroughly discuss the organizer of a criminal offence, to evaluate the reason for the frequent criticism of his inclusion among the participants of the crime and to suggest how should this legal institute be adapted. The thesis is divided into seven chapters, the first of which is the introduction and the final is the conclusion. The first part of this thesis deals with the theoretical foundations of participation. It briefly describes the possible approaches to the offender and the fundamentals of the unitary and the differentiated system, including their advantages and disadvantages. The meaningfulness of a differentiated system depends on the successful separation of the key persons involved in the criminal act from the less important ones. The following chapter focuses on...

To identify factors important to the efficiency of artificial insemination in cattle, four studies were conducted. In the first study, the addition of cream to the inseminate was used in an attempt to increase accessory sperm number. On d 6 after insemination, 60 embryos were evaluated. The addition of cream to the inseminate had no effect on accessory sperm number. In the second study, cryopreserved semen of a marked bull (spermatozoa exhibiting a semi-flattened anterior head) was matched with semen from an unmarked bull (conventional sperm head shape) to determine competitively the effect of a deep uterine insemination on accessory sperm number. Forty embryos were recovered 6 d after insemination and the ratio of accessory sperm observed was different: 62:38 for unmarked semen in the uterine body and marked semen in the uterine horn, and 72:28 for unmarked semen in the uterine horn and marked semen in the uterine body (P < .05). In the third study, superovulated cows were utilized to determine the effect of artificial insemination time on fertilization status and accessory sperm number. Cows were inseminated once at 0 h (n=10), 12 h (n=10), or 24 h (n=10) after the first standing event. On d 6 after insemination, 529 embryos(ova) were recovered. Fertilization rates were 29% (0 h); 60% (12 h); and 81% (24 h)(P < .01). Percentages of embryos with accessory sperm were: 5 (0 h); 8 (12 h); and 41(24 h) (P < .01). In the fourth study, three experiments utilizing superovulated cows were conducted to provide a basis for distinguishing unfertilized ova from very early embryonic death. In Exp. 1, recovered d 6 unfertilized ova were classified morphologically as either: 1) typical, 2) satellite, or 3) fragmented. In Exp. 2, recovered d 6 unfertilized ova from the third study were classified morphologically, and typical ova were fixed. In Exp. 3, ultrastructural features of preovulatory, tubal-stage, and typical d 6 unfertilized ova were investigated. Preovulatory ova revealed normal ultrastructure; tubal-stage ova exhibited evidence of degeneration; typical d 6 ova were degenerated and contained no discernable organelles. The first three studies support the use of accessory sperm evaluation as an alternative measure of fertility. The final study provides a basis from which future embryologists may distinguish fertilization failure from very early embryonic death. / Ph. D.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses type IV pili (T4P) to colonize various materials and for surface-associated twitching motility. We previously identified five phylogenetically-distinct alleles of pi/A in P. aeruginosa, four of which occur in genetic cassettes with specific accessory genes (Kus et al., Microbiology 150:1315-1326, 2004). Each of the five pilin alleles, with and without its associated pilin accessory gene, was used to complement a group II PA01 pi/A mutant. Expression of group I or IV pi/A genes restored twitching motility to the same extent as the PA01 group II pilin. In contrast, complementation with group Ill or group V pi/A genes resulted in poor twitching that increased significantly when the cognate tfp Y or tfpZ accessory genes were cointroduced. The enhanced motility was linked to an increase in recoverable surface pili, and not to alterations in total pilin pools. Expression of the pilin genes, with or without accessory genes, in a PA01 pi/A-pi/T double mutant background resulted in expression of large amounts of surface pili, suggesting that the accessory proteins function to modulate pilin retraction dynamics. Reduction of twitching motility and surface piliation was also observed a tfpYknockout mutant of group Ill strain PA14, confirming that the accessory proteins enhance pilus assembly on the cell surface. The accessory proteins are specific for their cognate pilins; a PilAv-TfpY chimera produced few surface pili, resembling the phenotype of PA01 complemented with pi!Av alone. The linkage between specific pilin and accessory genes may be evolutionarily conserved because the accessory proteins antagonize pilus retraction, increasing pilus expression on the cell surface and thereby enhancing function. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The location of mental nerve has been extensively studied anatomically and radiographically. This systematic review aims to summarize the common location of mental foramen (MF) as well as its anatomical variation, the accessory mental foramen (AMF). The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were both searched for the available study until Jan 2020. The database search yield 2766 study of which 47 were included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. The study concludes that in general the position of the mental foramen is between area distal to the first premolar root apex and the long axis of the apex of second premolar in 82% to 90% according to panoramic and CBCT studies reported until 2020 respectively. Importantly, AMF incident has been found in 8.3% of the population, according the all of the CBCT studies included in this systematic review.

The mitral cells of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of anuran frogs project their axons directly to the medial amygdala (MeA) along the accessory olfactory tract. An en bloc preparation of the telencephalon of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeiana was utilized to study a form of low-frequency inducible long-term potentiation (LTP) expressed at the synapse formed between the terminals of the accessory olfactory tract and the neurons of the MeA. Delivery of repetitive 1Hz-stimulation or sets of 5Hz tetani to the accessory olfactory tract both induced potentiation that was stable for over an hour, as measured by extracellular field recordings. LTP induced by 5Hz tetanus was associated with a decrease in paired-pulse ratio, which would be consistent with an increased probability of release contributing to the increased synaptic strength. Blockade of neither NMDA nor kainate glutamate receptors, with AP5 and UBP310 respectively, prevented LTP induction by 5Hz tetanus; however expression of LTP was partially masked in the presence of UBP310. These results suggest that kainate receptors are involved in the expression of LTP at the AOB-MeA synapse, though the means by which LTP is induced remains unclear. / Graduate / 2016-09-28