Local government, as government at grassroot, has, probably undergone transformation more than any institution in post-1994 South Africa. State-of the- art legislation have been passed that have restructured municipalities, and, especially, in the areas of performance and conduct of councillors and officials. Prominent in the areas of transformation are the roles of the Executive Mayor, which are no longer ceremonial as well as the radical changes which have been legislated in municipal financial management. This study was undertaken to determine the challenges that confront the Executive Mayor in financial management in selected local municipalities in the Free State. The hypothesis was formulated that “despite the state-of-the art legislation to regulate municipal finance, Executive Mayors in municipalities face the challenge of poor service delivery as a result of noncompliance to financial statutes due to human resource incapacity”. To test the hypothesis, use was made by empirical research that comprised questionnaires completed by sample of managers and officials in the selected local municipalities of Mafube, Metsimaholo, Moqhaka and Ngwathe.The findings, amongst others, were that: • Human capital in the 4 selected local municipalities are in their prime age. 69 present of managers are in the aged between 30 years to 50 years; • 57 present of the managers responded that they have adequate qualifications and training to pursue the challenges in municipal finance; • All 4 municipalities normally get their budgets approved as required by compliance. • The hypothesis was consequently, invalidated. The study ends with recommendations to help improve standards and quality of financial management practice in the 4 municipalities. / MA (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Local government, as government at grassroot, has, probably undergone transformation more than any institution in post-1994 South Africa. State-of the- art legislation have been passed that have restructured municipalities, and, especially, in the areas of performance and conduct of councillors and officials. Prominent in the areas of transformation are the roles of the Executive Mayor, which are no longer ceremonial as well as the radical changes which have been legislated in municipal financial management. This study was undertaken to determine the challenges that confront the Executive Mayor in financial management in selected local municipalities in the Free State. The hypothesis was formulated that “despite the state-of-the art legislation to regulate municipal finance, Executive Mayors in municipalities face the challenge of poor service delivery as a result of noncompliance to financial statutes due to human resource incapacity”. To test the hypothesis, use was made by empirical research that comprised questionnaires completed by sample of managers and officials in the selected local municipalities of Mafube, Metsimaholo, Moqhaka and Ngwathe.The findings, amongst others, were that: • Human capital in the 4 selected local municipalities are in their prime age. 69 present of managers are in the aged between 30 years to 50 years; • 57 present of the managers responded that they have adequate qualifications and training to pursue the challenges in municipal finance; • All 4 municipalities normally get their budgets approved as required by compliance. • The hypothesis was consequently, invalidated. The study ends with recommendations to help improve standards and quality of financial management practice in the 4 municipalities. / MA (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1969.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1969.

It is the purpose of this study to determine the relationship between personality and accident-proneness in a group of pupils in the North Dallas High School.

« L'observable est-il calculable » constitue le leitmotiv de cette recherche qui trouve son origine dans une pratique d'animateur psychologue lors de nombreux stages de Permis à Points, dits stages PAP. La sécurité routière, enjeu de santé publique et préoccupation mondiale, en est le terrain d'application. L'idéologie du système repose sur l'existence d'un lien entre infractions et accidents. La question de l'éducation à la route se pose en termes de traitement cognitif et de rapport au social et à la loi. Or le fait de commettre des infractions est un acte complexe et situé, sous l'influence de plusieurs paramètres, notamment : l'âge, le genre, la personnalité, la prise de risque, la recherche de sensations, les représentations mentales et le comportement ainsi que les influences sociales et sociétales. Une revue de la littérature permet de faire le lien entre les facteurs de risque individuel et l'infraction, voire l'accidentologie. Une approche d'un échantillon de 854 stagiaires (PAP), dans le cadre d'une enquête cas/témoins sur un effectif total de 2014 sujets, permet de définir la population des stagiaires PAP et d'invalider l'hypothèse selon laquelle le stagiaire s'assimilerait à Monsieur tout le monde. Tout comme il a été démontré que dans l'enfance la petite fille est plus sensible à la sanction alors que le petit garçon, l'est plus aux encouragements ; le stagiaire PAP, pour une grande partie de sexe masculin (90 % d'entre eux) est peu sensible à la sanction. Il reste donc à imaginer un système d'éducation/prévention qui prenne en compte la récompense. Le principe de la récompense ne doit pas permettre une thésaurisation des points, puis ensuite un déstockage à volonté permettant ainsi au sujet de « s'offrir » une infraction. Les spécificités sociales, de mode de vie et de personnalité des stagiaires permettent d'éclairer les préceptes en matière de formation. Des mesures post-permis permettant de faire entrer les préoccupations individuelles dans un enjeu collectif de santé publique pourraient favoriser le passage du curatif au préventif. La pédagogie développée avec les récidivistes en stage PAP devra aujourd'hui plus qu'hier s'orienter sur le mode de vie plus que sur l'aspect technique. Le rapport européen Dan sur les mesures post-permis a déjà souligné que plus l'accent est mis sur la personnalité dans ce genre d'animation, plus le taux de récidive est faible (DAN 2000). Reste à savoir s'il s'agit d'animation ou de thérapeutique, auquel cas la durée du stage ainsi qu'une absence d'évaluation et de suivi posent problème.