Orientador: Sandra Regina Gimeniz-Paschoal / Banca: Tânia Moron Saes Braga / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Morales Horiguela / Banca: Jair Lopes Junior / Banca: Maria José Sanhez Marin / Resumo: A prevenção de acidentes infantis é tema preconizado para o ensino fundamental, porém, estudos que preparem sistematicamente os profissionais da educação para atuar com esta temática na escola não são frequentemente encontrados. Esta pesquisa investiga o envolvimento de professores com o tema acidente infantil, elabora, aplica e avalia atividade de formação para professores para a inserção curricular do tema acidente infantil. Participam duas professoras (P1 e P2) do quarto ano da rede municipal de Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Marília (SP), de duas escolas diferentes. Utilizam-se impressos pré-elaborados e equipamentos. Investiga-se o envolvimento das professoras por meio de entrevista, análise de seus semanários e observação de suas aulas. A atividade de formação é elaborada a partir do estudo do envolvimento das professoras e da literatura com o objetivo de que as professoras elaborem ações, descrevendo-as no semanário ou em outro material adequado, relacionadas diretamente à prevenção dos acidentes infantis, com enfoque teórico, para serem realizadas com seus alunos em sala de aula. A aplicação é realizada na própria escola e em horário de trabalho. A avaliação da atividade de formação é realizada por meio da observação da aula da professora que aborda a prevenção dos acidentes, nova entrevista e análise do semanário. Como resultados, verifica-se que as docentes têm informação sobre o tema, envolvendo primeiros socorros, e é considerada insuficiente. A abordagem do tema nas suas aulas não é frequente e acontece de forma indireta. É elaborada atividade de formação incluindo uma Folha de Instruções e um Caderno de Estudos, divido em sete fichas, com pequenos textos e notícias. Ao final... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The prevention of child injury is a subject recommended for elementary school, however, studies that systematically prepare education professionals to work with this subject in school are not frequently found. This study investigates the involvement of teachers with the subject of child injury, develops, implements and evaluates activities to educate teachers to a curricular implementation of child injury subject. Two fourth grade teachers of two different municipal elementary schools of the city of Marilia (SP) (P1 and P2) participated in the survey. It was used pre-designed forms and equipments. The involvement of teachers was investigated through interviews, analysis of their dairies and observation of their classes. The training activity was drawn based on the study of the involvement of teachers and in the literature. It has the objective of having the teachers preparing actions directly related to the prevention of child injuries, with a theoretic approach, to be conducted with students in the classroom, describing them in the dairy or other suitable material. The application is performed in the school and within the work schedule. The evaluation of the training activities is performed by observing the teacher's classes that address the prevention of accidents, new interviews and analysis of their dairies. As a result, it was found that teachers have information on the subject involving first aid, and it is considered insufficient. This theme is not frequent and it has an indirect approach. Educational activities were developed including an Instruction Sheet and a Study Book, divided into seven sheets with short texts and news. At the end of each sheet there is a Study Guide and an Opinion Survey. During the implementation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-13T19:57:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO JOSE PAULO DA SILVA 1995 -VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1039051 bytes, checksum: cee33684d5bd383bcdd959dbeabcaef7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T19:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO JOSE PAULO DA SILVA 1995 -VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1039051 bytes, checksum: cee33684d5bd383bcdd959dbeabcaef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-07-06 / capes / Este trabalho tem como escopo principal o estudo sobre a cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho na CHESF - Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco-. Com isto, o mesmo visa evidenciar as variáveis que têm maiores condições de explicação para este fato. Isto é, o que foi determinante para que os especialistas tanto da DAST - Divisão de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - quanto da DO - Diretoria de Operação -, cooperassem entre si, no sentido de atendendo a algumas peculiaridades de suas funções, para tornar a prevenção de acidentes do trabalho uma ação coletiva? Este trabalho está divido em três partes. Na primeira, evidencia-se uma análise teórica da escolha racional, destacando-se um debate sobre alguns teóricos. Em seguida, faz-se uma abordagem mais específica da escolha racional, destacando-se as posições de Jon Elster, sobre o assunto, antes de adentrar-se mais na questão da prevenção de acidentes como ação coletiva. Na segunda parte, são demonstrados os dados financeiros e estatísticos necessários à comprovação de parte da hipótese estabelecida. E a terceira parte, dedicou-se à análise dos dados, por sua vez, dividida em duas fases: na primeira, iniciou-se analisando a eficiência da prevenção de acidentes em relação aos custos dos acidentes do trabalho, que constitui exatamente outra parte da hipótese. Neste caso, os dados financeiros citados, anteriormente, assumem várias formulações necessárias à explicação dos conceitos de eficiências econômica e tecnológica da prevenção de acidentes. A segunda fase é dedicada à análise da relação de interdependência entre os especialistas da DAST e da DO, como, também, aos desdobramentos dessa relação até a sua configuração num jogo de cooperação entre ambos. Para detectar o poder de explicação da última variável, utilidade da prevenção de acidentes para os especialistas da DO, sobre a variável cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho, utilizou-se de alguns recursos que pudessem parametrizar os dados coletados, de forma a tornar claro a sua contribuição à variável dependente. Nisto, ficou estabelecido que alguns critérios definiriam se houve alto, médio ou baixo nível de utilidade da prevenção de acidentes do trabalho. E, também, quando se refere à cooperação em prevenção de acidentes, estabeleceram-se critérios, como alta, média e baixa cooperação. Sendo assim, ficou evidente que a cooperação em prevenção de acidentes do trabalho foi resultado da escolha, das preferências e das ações estratégicas por parte dos especialistas da DO, dentro de certo âmbito de condições estabelecidas. / This work has the principal purpose the study about accidents prevention cooperation at CHESF – Hydro Electrical of São Francisco Company-. From this aspect, this work aim to make in evidence the variables that by means of them is possible to explain this phenomenon, that is, what was important for specialists of DAST and DO – Operations Directory- cooperating between them, in accordance theirs functions and becoming the accidents prevention the result a collective action? This work is presented in three parts. In the first, was made in evidence one theoretical analyses of rational choice, featured a debate about some theorists. Then, was made an approach especially about rational choice, hidhlightining the John Elster `opinions about the matter, before to deepen in the accidents prevention as a collective action. In the second part, were showed the financial and statistics data necessaries to confirm the hypothesis proposed. And the first was dedicated to the data analysis. In this case, divided in two phases: First of them, begun analyzing the efficiency of accidents prevention in relation to the costs of accidents that consists exactly a part of hypothesis. In this case, the financial data mentioned, previously, used to bear several formulations necessaries to explain the concepts of economic and technological efficiency of accidents prevention. The second phase is dedicated to analyses the interdependence relationship between specialists of DAST and DO and its unfolding until the game configuration as well. To detect the power of explication of the last variable, this is, the utilities of accidents prevention for the DO specialists, concerning cooperation in accidents prevention drew on some resources that could to parametric the data collect in a way to become clear their contribution the dependent variable. So, was established that some criteria would define if occurs high, media and low level of utility of accident prevention and high, media and low cooperation as well. This way made in evidence that cooperation in accidents prevention was a result of choice, preferences and strategic actions developed by DO specialists, inside the established conditions.

O uso de filtros contra particulados é extremamente comum em ambiente de mineração. As normas nacionais e internacionais, utilizadas para a aprovação destes filtros, definem critérios de testes e aprovação que visam garantir que os filtros continuem eficientes ao longo do tempo. Os fatores como: tipo, tamanho, velocidade, carga da partícula e temperatura, são considerados nos testes de aprovação. O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar o comportamento de filtros para particulados tipo eletreto usados em respiradores, expostos a condições térmicas semelhantes às encontradas em ambiente de mineração, simulando, em laboratório, a temperatura e tempo de exposição a que os mesmos podem estar sujeitos, medindo e comparando os resultados obtidos no sentido de atenderem as recomendações normativas, tanto nacionais como internacionais. Filtros e peças faciais de diferentes fabricantes foram expostos a diferentes temperaturas, sendo mantidos nestas temperaturas por no mínimo 24 horas. Testes de penetração utilizando partículas de NaCl com ajuste da vazão em 85 l/min foram realizados antes e depois de cada período de exposição. O equipamento utilizado foi um gerador de partículas tipo impactador, que gera partículas da ordem de 0,3 a 0,6m, considerados os Tamanhos Mais Penetrantes de Partículas (MPPS). Como esperado, ocorreu um aumento da penetração de partículas de NaCl à medida que o tempo de permanência na temperatura e/ou a própria temperatura aumentaram. O fator temperatura foi predominante, em relação ao tempo de exposição, no decaimento da performance dos filtros. Este efeito variou de fabricante para fabricante, sendo, em alguns casos, inexpressivos. A variação encontrada nos testes de penetração após acondicionamento térmico foi entre 2,53% e 18%. Não se observou um aumento ou diminuição significativa da resistência ao fluxo de ar. Testes repetitivos em amostras sem acondicionamento térmico demonstraram uma diminuição da penetração do aerossol e um aumento da resistência ao fluxo de ar. Acredita-se que o aumento da resistência ao fluxo ocorra devido ao efeito de entupimento por deposição das partículas de NaCl ao longo do tempo em função da repetição dos testes no mesmo filtro. / The use of particle filters is extremely usual in mining environment. The national and international standards used for the approval of these filters define tests and approval criteria which look forward guaranteeing the efficiency of the filters along the time. Facts such as: type, size, speed, particle charge and temperature are considered on approval tests. The objective of this dissertation is to check the behavior of the eletrect filters for particulated used in respirators, when exposed to similar thermal conditions found in mining environment, by simulation, in lab, of the temperature and time of exposition beyond the respirators could be exposed, measuring and comparing the obtained results in order to attend the standards recommendations such National as International ones. Facial filters and pieces of different manufactures were exposed to different temperatures and maintained under these conditions for at least 24-hours. Penetration tests using NaCl particles and adjusted to a flow of 85 l/min were done before and after each period of exposition. The equipment used was a particle generator, impactor type which generates particles of the order of 0.3 to 0.6m, considered the Most Penetrant Particles Size (MPPS). As expected, an increase of NaCl particle penetration occurred as long as time and temperature increased too. The temperature factor was predominating in relation to time of exposition in the decrease of performance of the filters. This effect varied from one manufacture to another and in some cases it was expressionless. The variation found after conditioning at high temperature was from 2.53% to 18%. It wasnt observed a significant increase or decrease in the air flow resistance. Repetitive tests in samples without thermal packing showed a decrease of aerosol penetration and an increase of air flow resistance. Apparently, the increase of flow resistance happens because of the glog for NaCl particles deposition throughout the time, due to the test repetition over the same filter.

L’accident industriel majeur compte parmi les crises les plus destructrices et insupportables. Dans de nombreux cas, les retours d’expérience constatent que la catastrophe aurait probablement pu être évitée. La problématique posée est alors celle de l’anticipation. Au sein de systèmes sociotechniques à hauts risques, quelles sont les voies à suivre pour devancer le déclenchement d’une séquence accidentelle? Pour répondre à cette problématique, notre approche s’est focalisée sur la prise de décision. Placé dans un environnement contraignant, le manager opérationnel constitue un acteur particulier. Une analyse historique réalisée sur des accidents majeurs montre un décalage entre la vision qu’a le manager du système, et la réalité des opérations. Celui-ci se trouve en situation d’ambigüité, car il doit assurer le compromis entre la rupture demandée par l’obligation de sécurité, et l’absence de rupture imposée par la continuité d’activités. Les défis de la complexité, du temps, et de la décision alors dégradent peu à peu l’environnement décisionnel, et bloquent la prise de décision. La thèse soutenue s’intéresse à comprendre la manière dont l’environnement influe sur sa prise de décision, dans le but de permettre au manager de passer d’une situation contrainte à une situation d’initiative. En décidant un arrêt momentané et préparé, sans rupture subie, il renforce ainsi la capacité d’anticipation des accidents industriels majeurs. Ainsi, en comprenant son écosystème décisionnel, le manager opérationnel peut donc prendre des initiatives assurant le principe de continuité d’activités / Industrial accident is one of the most destructive and unbearable crisis. In many cases, experience feedbacks show that the disaster could probably have been avoided. In this context, we come up the question of anticipation. In socio-technological systems with high-risk technology, what are the pathways to detect and prevent an accident sequence? To address this problem, our approach is based on decision making. Placed in a restrictive environment, operational management is a particular actor. A historical analysis of major accidents shows a gap between the vision of the manager, and the reality of operations. The manager is placed in a situation of ambiguity, in which he has to ensure the balance between the rupture requested by the safety requirement, and the absence of rupture imposed by the continuity of activities. Then, the challenges of complexity, time, and decision gradually degrade the decision-making environment and block the decision.Our thesis proposes an understanding and a modelisation of the decision ecosystem of the operational manager, in order to pass from a stressed situation to a situation where the decision becomes initiative. By make the decision of a prepared interruption, the manager strengths his anticipation capacity of major industrial accidents. By understanding its decision ecosystem operational manager can take initiatives that protect the continuity principle

Commercial fishers are employed in one of the most dangerous jobs in Canada. Additionally, they tend both not to report work injuries and to deny and trivialize risks their job entails. This study focuses on fishers' subjective interpretation of their work environment. Its purposes were to examine fishers' attributed causes of accidents and to derive implications for prevention education. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology and interviewed 12 professional fishers who worked on the British Columbia coast. The interviews focused on fishers' descriptions of accidents and their attributed causes. Attribution theory was operationalized to provide a conceptual framework through which to analyze the 12 transcripts. The researcher transcribed the interviews, then highlighted and analyzed excerpts depicting the fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Three strategies were employed to examine the trustworthiness of the researcher's judgements regarding the transcripts and final interpretation of the data. The strategies were: use of a research partner (consistency), conducting a participant review (credibility), and comparison with another study (triangulation). The participants of this study attributed multiple causes to a given accident and their explanations were complex. The study found 22 categories of causes of accidents. The attributed causes from 9 of the 12 participants were distributed in all quadrants of attributions on the orienting framework (external/stable, external/unstable, internal/stable and internal/unstable). Five or more participants attributed the following as causes in their accidents: Economic Pressures, Luck or Fate, Weather Conditions Expected, Fatigue, and Stress. This study's results suggest that the techno-rational approach of existing traditional training programs, that concentrate on causes located mainly in the external/stable quadrant, does not concur with fishers' attributed causes of accidents. The study indicates that prevention education program content should be broadened to address the full spectrum of fishers' attributed causes of accidents. Through the utilization of fishers' attributed causes of accidents, prevention education programs could assist fishers to focus on their perceptions of occupational hazards and risks, and address questions of past risk taking and future risk assessment. From these insights fishers can review what can be done to control or eliminate a particular risk. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This master’s thesis consists of two separate sections – theoretical and practical. Theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the description of occupational safety and health systems as well as the major accidents prevention system. In addition, this part deals with the major accidents prevention legislation. Moreover, there are some serious industrial accidents described in the theoretical part. Practical part of the thesis considers an audit of major accidents prevention system in an industrial enterprises as well as its evaluation and improvement mechanisms recommendation. The audit is based on legislative demands for major accidents prevention systems.

Thesis (Master of Nursing)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / Background: Like other health care providers, nursing students are unprotected from occupational dangers such as sharp object injuries (SOIs) due to imperfect knowledge and experience. These students face a great risk of exposure to blood borne infections by pathogens such as HIV and the hepatitis B and C viruses while executing their clinical actions in hospitals. SOIs are a significant problem for nursing students, as they increase the risk of contracting blood-borne infections. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine nursing students' knowledge and practices related to SOIs and their management at a university in the Western Cape Province. Objectives: The objectives of this study include determining the occurrence of SOIs, and knowledge of risk of SOIs, as well as the reporting and management of SOIs at a university in the Western Cape. Method and sample: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with nursing students from the second to fourth year of study, registered at a university in the Western Cape Province for the 2017 academic year. Quota sampling was applied to select respondents who, after providing informed consent, then completed and handed the self- administered questionnaires back to the researcher on the same day that they were distributed. Data were obtained from nursing students about whether or not they had experienced an SOI, what they did after the SOI, their perception of the risk, and management of and preventive measures for SOIs. Validity and reliability were ensured, and all ethical principles were adhered to. SPSS was used for the quantitative data analysis. Results: A total of 252 nursing students from the second to fourth years participated in this study. The average age of respondents was 24 years, with a minimum of 19 and maximum of 46 years; 211 (83.7%) of them were females. During their course 63 (25%) respondents experienced SOIs; only 42 (66.67%; N=63) of them reported the occurrence of an SOI, most (25 or 59.52%) reporting it to the professional nurse in charge. The highest occurrence of SOIs was reported by fourth-year students (26 respondents, 41.3%). It was found that 21 (33.3%) of SOIs were not reported, and the main reason for this was because there was little or no perception of associated risk (15, 71.43%). Forty-six (73.02%) respondents experienced a single SOI, while 11 (17.46%) had two SOIs, 4 (6.35%) reported having had three SOIs, and one each (1.59%) had more than four and more than ten SOIs. The activity causing most of the SOIs was administration of medication by injection (48 cases, 76.2%), and in most cases (57, 90.47%) the instruments causing injury were needles or hollow-bore needles. Most of the affected respondents squeezed the puncture site after the SOI (42, 66.7%), followed by washing the area with water and soap (40; 63.5%), and cleaning the site with antiseptic (15, 23.8%). Among those students exposed to SOIs, only 22 (52.4%) had undergone blood tests, and very few of them took post-exposure prophylaxis or treatment (16, 25.40%). The emotion that most of them felt after the SOI was fear (42, 66.7%), and the main reason for not getting treatment was fear of side effects (18, 38.29%). Also, only 61 (24.2%) respondents reported recapping needles after use, while most reported incomplete vaccination against hepatitis B (195, 77.38%). The main reason for not using personal protective equipment (PPE) was noted as the unavailability thereof at the institution (43, 49.4%). Conclusion: This study documented a low rate of reporting SOIs among nursing students. It is plain that there are inadequate levels of knowledge and practice related to SOI management among these students at a university in the Western Cape. One would imagine that because the majority of nursing students had a measure for the practice of universal precautions and used PPE, their management after exposure to SOIs during work training in hospital would be efficient. This was not the instance in this study, where application of these actions in their practical training was poor.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Health)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Background: The number of occupational injuries in manufacturing industries continues to rise despite safety regulations. Occupational injuries range from the spine, hands, head, lungs, eyes, skeleton and skin. Negligence, improper use of Personal Protective Equipment, lack of experience and age are some of the factors leading to occupational injuries. Even though there are measures to prevent these occupational injuries, the number of injuries amongst manufacturing industries keeps rising and the causes need to be identified. Objective(s): The purpose of the study was to develop a training programme for manufacturing industries in the Polokwane municipality. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used for the study. Five categories of manufacturing industries were visited where 22 participants were interviewed using a voice recorder until data saturation was reached. There were 4 managers, 6 supervisors and 12 general workers. Member checking was done to verify and clarify transcribed information. Field notes were also taken for non-verbal responses. Data were analysed using Tesch’s and Clarke and Braun open coding method following the eight steps. Results: The findings of the study indicated that hazards in the physical work environment of manufacturing industries in the Polokwane municipality contributed to most occupational accidents. It was also found that negligence, incorrect provision of PPE by management, improper use of PPE by workers, and lack of safety training were also contributors to workplace accidents. Commitment to health and safety by industries management was also found to be lacking and played a role in some occupational accidents in the manufacturing industries. Conclusions: The study concludes that lack of health and safety training, negligence, and commitment by those in management compromised the health and safety of workers

M.S.

The present study evaluated the relationship between parental attitudes and their injury preventive efforts related to bicycle-related head injuries. Specifically, the present study assessed the contribution of components of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT; severity, vulnerability, response-efficacy, self-efficacy, response-cost) in persuading parents to engage in the preventive action of purchasing a bicycle helmet. Participants were 69 parents of elementary school-aged children. Parents were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions: a PMT/low RC group (n = 18), a PMT/high RC group (n= 18), a No Information/low RC group (n = 17), and a No Information/high RC group (n = 16). As such, parents either received a PMT-based informational message regarding bicycling head injuries or they received no information. Similarly, parents in both of these conditions either received a discount coupon for a bicycle helmet or they received no coupon. Parents' intentions to purchase a bike helmet for their child as well as their actual purchases were assessed. Overall, regardless of experimental group, parents reported similar perceptions of severity, vulnerability, response-efficacy, self-efficacy and response-costs associated with bicycle head injuries and helmets. Neither the receipt of PMT-based information nor the availability of discount coupons resulted in parents' increased intentions to purchase or actual purchases of bicycle helmets for their child. Rather, parents generally reported that they were fairly likely to purchase a bicycle helmet for their child, yet few had done so at the time of the home visit. The most notable finding involved the failure of parents' intentions to purchase a bicycle helmet for their child to predict their actual purchasing behavior. Limitations of the present study and directions for future research are discussed. / Master of Science