Este estudo contribui para a área contábil ao contemplar a discussão científica e acadêmica quanto à mensuração dos ativos biológicos, analisando os principais elementos usados para estimar o valor justo com base nos conceitos de valor presente. Portanto, tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da formação do valor justo dos ativos biológicos que não apresentam mercado ativo usando como base os fundamentos e técnicas de valor presente. Para alcançar o objetivo foi estabelecida como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo de caso em três grandes empresas do setor rural que exploram a produção de ativos biológicos, a fim de verificar como mensuram o valor justo dos ativos biológicos. Os principais elementos analisados foram as receitas, os custos de produção e as taxas de desconto usados no processo de mensuração. Os principais parâmetros estabelecidos com base nos conceitos teóricos e práticos foram: a) estimar a produção esperada com base na experiência passada da empresa, projetada para toda a fase produtiva do ativo que pretende explorar; em se tratando de ativos frutíferos, ou, estimar com base no ponto ótimo de colheita para os ativos que devem ser exauridos; b) calcular o preço de venda do produto usando o preço de mercado da data de elaboração das demonstrações financeiras; c) os custos diretos de produção como mão de obra e insumos devem ser inclusos como redutores da receita para a formação do fluxo de caixa com base nos preços de mercado da data da mensuração; d) os custos indiretos devem ser incluídos na mesma proporção e critério que os adotados para fins de tomada de decisões gerenciais. Neste quesito destacam-se alguns custos que, efetivamente, não devem ser incluídos na formação do fluxo de caixa, tais como: custos de remuneração do capital investido para a produção e os impostos sobre a renda desses ativos; e) sugere-se o uso de modelos de precificação de ativos como o CAPM e o SIM para se estimar as taxas de desconto, sendo que os melhores resultados nos ensaios realizados foram obtidos com o uso do modelo CAPM. No estudo de casos múltiplos constatou-se que as empresas estudadas não adotam os parâmetros recomendados. Foi, ainda, demonstrado que todas as emrpesas usaram a estimativa de produção com base nas expectativas próprias, porém foi diversa a forma de estabelecer o preço de venda para obter a receita bruta. Os parâmetros adotados para estimar a receita foram: a) a média de preços de mercado de um período anterior e b) os preços cotados no mercado de futuros. Na formação dos custos verificou-se que as empresas adotam as mesmas premissas de análise de investimentos e consideram como custo a remuneração do capital investido em terra, infraestrutura e o imposto de renda como dedução do fluxo de caixa futuro. Quanto às taxas de juros, verificou-se que as empresas adotam premissas baseadas no WACC ajustado pela estrutura de capital e taxas de desconto arbitrárias ou pelo menos sem explicação nos relatórios acessados. / This study contributes to the accounting department to consider the scientific and academic discussion on the measurement of biological assets, analyzing the main elements used to estimate the fair value based on the concepts of present value. Therefore, aims to conduct a critical analysis of the formation of the fair value of biological assets that do not have an active market using as basis the fundamentals and present value techniques. To achieve the goal was established as the exploratory research methodology and research strategy as the study of multiple cases. In this sense was carried out an case study in three large companies in the rural sector to explore the production of biological assets, in order to verify how they measure the fair value of biological assets. The main elements were analyzed revenues, production costs and discount rates used in the measurement process. The main parameters established on the basis of theoretical and practical concepts were: a) estimating the expected production based on past experience of the company, designed for all the productive phase of the asset you want to explore, in the case of active fruitful, or estimate based on optimum harvest for assets that must be exhausted; b) calculate the selling price of the product using the market price of the date of preparation of financial statements; c) the direct costs of production as labor and supplies must be included as a reduction of revenue for the formation of the cash flow based on market prices of the measurement date; d) the indirect costs should be included in the same proportion and that the criteria adopted for purposes of managerial decision making. This item stand out some costs that effectively should not be included in the training of cash flows, such as costs of return on capital invested in production and taxes on incomes of those assets; e) suggests the use of asset pricing models such as CAPM and the SIM to estimate discount rates, and the best results were obtained in tests performed using the CAPM. In multiple case study it was found that the studied companies do not adopt the recommended parameters. It was also shown that all companies used to estimate production based on their own expectations, but it was a diverse way to establish the selling price to obtain the gross revenue. The formation of the cost was found that companies adopt the same assumptions of investment analysis and consider cost as the return on capital invested in land, infrastructure and income tax as a deduction from future cash flow. Regarding interest rates, it was found that companies adopt assumptions based on WACC adjusted for capital structure and arbitrary rates discounts or at least unexplained reports accessed.

Este estudo contribui para a área contábil ao contemplar a discussão científica e acadêmica quanto à mensuração dos ativos biológicos, analisando os principais elementos usados para estimar o valor justo com base nos conceitos de valor presente. Portanto, tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da formação do valor justo dos ativos biológicos que não apresentam mercado ativo usando como base os fundamentos e técnicas de valor presente. Para alcançar o objetivo foi estabelecida como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo de caso em três grandes empresas do setor rural que exploram a produção de ativos biológicos, a fim de verificar como mensuram o valor justo dos ativos biológicos. Os principais elementos analisados foram as receitas, os custos de produção e as taxas de desconto usados no processo de mensuração. Os principais parâmetros estabelecidos com base nos conceitos teóricos e práticos foram: a) estimar a produção esperada com base na experiência passada da empresa, projetada para toda a fase produtiva do ativo que pretende explorar; em se tratando de ativos frutíferos, ou, estimar com base no ponto ótimo de colheita para os ativos que devem ser exauridos; b) calcular o preço de venda do produto usando o preço de mercado da data de elaboração das demonstrações financeiras; c) os custos diretos de produção como mão de obra e insumos devem ser inclusos como redutores da receita para a formação do fluxo de caixa com base nos preços de mercado da data da mensuração; d) os custos indiretos devem ser incluídos na mesma proporção e critério que os adotados para fins de tomada de decisões gerenciais. Neste quesito destacam-se alguns custos que, efetivamente, não devem ser incluídos na formação do fluxo de caixa, tais como: custos de remuneração do capital investido para a produção e os impostos sobre a renda desses ativos; e) sugere-se o uso de modelos de precificação de ativos como o CAPM e o SIM para se estimar as taxas de desconto, sendo que os melhores resultados nos ensaios realizados foram obtidos com o uso do modelo CAPM. No estudo de casos múltiplos constatou-se que as empresas estudadas não adotam os parâmetros recomendados. Foi, ainda, demonstrado que todas as emrpesas usaram a estimativa de produção com base nas expectativas próprias, porém foi diversa a forma de estabelecer o preço de venda para obter a receita bruta. Os parâmetros adotados para estimar a receita foram: a) a média de preços de mercado de um período anterior e b) os preços cotados no mercado de futuros. Na formação dos custos verificou-se que as empresas adotam as mesmas premissas de análise de investimentos e consideram como custo a remuneração do capital investido em terra, infraestrutura e o imposto de renda como dedução do fluxo de caixa futuro. Quanto às taxas de juros, verificou-se que as empresas adotam premissas baseadas no WACC ajustado pela estrutura de capital e taxas de desconto arbitrárias ou pelo menos sem explicação nos relatórios acessados. / This study contributes to the accounting department to consider the scientific and academic discussion on the measurement of biological assets, analyzing the main elements used to estimate the fair value based on the concepts of present value. Therefore, aims to conduct a critical analysis of the formation of the fair value of biological assets that do not have an active market using as basis the fundamentals and present value techniques. To achieve the goal was established as the exploratory research methodology and research strategy as the study of multiple cases. In this sense was carried out an case study in three large companies in the rural sector to explore the production of biological assets, in order to verify how they measure the fair value of biological assets. The main elements were analyzed revenues, production costs and discount rates used in the measurement process. The main parameters established on the basis of theoretical and practical concepts were: a) estimating the expected production based on past experience of the company, designed for all the productive phase of the asset you want to explore, in the case of active fruitful, or estimate based on optimum harvest for assets that must be exhausted; b) calculate the selling price of the product using the market price of the date of preparation of financial statements; c) the direct costs of production as labor and supplies must be included as a reduction of revenue for the formation of the cash flow based on market prices of the measurement date; d) the indirect costs should be included in the same proportion and that the criteria adopted for purposes of managerial decision making. This item stand out some costs that effectively should not be included in the training of cash flows, such as costs of return on capital invested in production and taxes on incomes of those assets; e) suggests the use of asset pricing models such as CAPM and the SIM to estimate discount rates, and the best results were obtained in tests performed using the CAPM. In multiple case study it was found that the studied companies do not adopt the recommended parameters. It was also shown that all companies used to estimate production based on their own expectations, but it was a diverse way to establish the selling price to obtain the gross revenue. The formation of the cost was found that companies adopt the same assumptions of investment analysis and consider cost as the return on capital invested in land, infrastructure and income tax as a deduction from future cash flow. Regarding interest rates, it was found that companies adopt assumptions based on WACC adjusted for capital structure and arbitrary rates discounts or at least unexplained reports accessed.

SETTLEMENT SHARE AND DETERMINATION OF ITS AMOUNT ABSTRACT The subject of my thesis is to analyse the legal regulation governing the settlement share and determination of its amount. The aim is to provide comprehensive picture of the issue of the settlement share both in terms of the commercial law, as well as in terms of the tax and accounting law. With regard to the recent and significant changes in private law, and thus in the area of settlement share, there is devoted ample space in the thesis to comparison of the current and former legal framework including application of the available judicature. The change of the particular law brought a lot of new questions and disputed interpretations, which are subsequently identified and analysed. My thesis consists of introduction, seven chapters and conclusion. Chapters one to four represent a general part in relation to the settlement share. The first chapter gives the definition of a settlement share from both the legal and economical perspective. It includes also consideration about possible treatment with the settlement share. The second chapter deals with the termination of the participation of a partner, which leads to the constitution of the settlement share. Chapter three analyses the various options for determining the value of the settlement share...

The thesis is evaluating Drůbežářský závod Klatovy, a. s. This firm is the second biggest poultry producer in the Czech Republic. Goal of this thesis is to set up price of this firm as of 30th April 2012. To be as conclusive as possible, the evaluation itself is made by two independent methods. The final price is synthesis of both. Concretely speaking, DCF entity method and method of accounting value are used. In the frame of these methods the value for both owners and creditors will be calculated. The incentive for valuation is a possible future sell of the firm to an unknown investor. The thesis is divided into subchapters of Profile of the Firm, Strategical Analysis, Financial Analysis, Value Drivers, Financial Plan and Firm Evaluation.

The theme of the thesis is to compare the accounting and economic value added. The theoretical part describes the value added and its determinants. It is defined as economic value added. The first is the basic formula for calculating the economic value added, and the identification of variables that are needed to calculate. The most important variable is the weighted average cost of capital. The next section is defined by other methods which can calculate EVA. The practical section provides the necessary methods and procedures for calculating the financial and economic value added. Methods chosen for the calculation were: the CAPM method, Modular method and Benchmarking diagnostic system of financial indicators INFA.

This diploma work focuses on the context of value added tax and accounting. The first part is devoted to the description of the sales tax and its difference from the value added tax. The sales tax was replaced with value added tax by the European Union so it is under the harmonization process control, which is briefly mentioned in the work. Furthermore diploma work contains general principles on which value added tax works, and describes the development of the reverse charge procedure, which is used for domestic transactions. Attention is also paid to the issues of tax evasion and fight against them. The last part focuses on the relationship between value added tax and accounting. Difference between tax and accounting documents, diagrams showing the charging of value added tax and the relationship between the revenues and the date of the chargeable event are mentioned.

This master’s thesis deals with determination of the value of Samohýl group, a. s. company at 01. 07. 2017. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts of valuation, such as business, value, strategic and financial analysis and valuation methods. In the analytical part, the analyzed company are basic information presented, strategic analysis, financial analysis including its assessment. The design part is processed by analysis and prognosis of value generators and the compilation of the financial plan and ultimately determination of the value of an enterprise using yield methods and accounting method.