No / Acid phosphatases hydrolyse phosphomonoesters at acidic pH in a variety of physiological contexts. The recently defined class C family of acid phosphatases includes the 32 kDa LppC lipoprotein of Streptococcus equisimilis. To define further the distribution of acid phosphatases in the genus Streptococcus we have examined the equine pathogens Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Whole cell assays indicated that these organisms possess two acid phosphatases with activity optima at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0-6.5 and that only the former of these was, like LppC, resistant to EDTA. Western blotting with a polyclonal anti-LppC antiserum revealed the presence of a cross-reactive 32 kDa protein in both organisms. The cross-reactive protein in S. equi was shown to be a surface accessible lipoprotein as its processing was inhibited by the antibiotic globomycin and it was released from whole cells by treatment with trypsin. The presence of DNA sequences homologous to the S. equisimilis lppC gene were confirmed by PCR. These data strongly suggest that Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus produce a lipoprotein acid phosphatase homologous to LppC of S. equisimilis.

The roles of phosphorus (P) starvation on the induction of intracellular acid phosphatase (ACP; EC 3.1.3.2) activity have been studied in a marine macroalga Ulva lactuca L. In comparison to creasy and dark green appearance in P-sufficient thalli (100 mM NaH2PO4), P-starved thalli (1 mM NaH2PO4) showed less crease and light green appearance. On exposure to 1 mM NaH2PO4, the growth rate, the contents of SRP, PP and P, and tissue C:P and N:P molar ratio decreased at day 3 and the contents of SNRP, TSP and polyphosphate decreased immediately. Intracellular ACP activity increased at day 3 after exposure to 1 mM NaH2PO4 and reached 16 folds of P-sufficient thalli at day 14, while extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AP; EC 3.1.3.1) activity increased at day 2 and reached the plateau after 4 days. Activity staining both on Native PAGE and IEF gel showed the induction of 10 and 9 ACP isoenzymes, respectively. Changes in intracellular ACP and extracellular AP activities were negatively correlated with SRP, SNRP, PP and P contents. After transferred to 100 mM NaH2PO4, the growth rate of 10 day-starvated thalli recovered after 5 days, the contents of SRP¡BSNRP¡BTSP and P, and the C:P and N:P molar ratio recovered to the level of P-sufficient thalli at day 1. When recovered to 100 mM NaH2PO4, extracellular AP activity of 10 day-starvated thalli decreased at day 2 and reached the minimum after day 8, while intracellular ACP activity decreased at day 3 and reached the minimum after day 8. The analog of Pi, Phi (1 mM) inhibited the intracellular ACP and extracellular AP activities induced by P swtarvation. The results of present investigation show that ACP has a role in the enhancement of P availability in U. lactuca via the enzymatically degradation of polyphosphates and organic P when suffers P deficiency.

Acid phosphatases (APases; E.C. 3.1.3.2) catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate (Pi) from Pi monoesters and anhydrides within the acidic pH range. Induction of intracellular and secreted purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) is a widespread plant response to nutritional Pi-deficiency. The probable function of intracellular APases is to recycle Pi from expendable intracellular organophosphate pools, whereas secreted APases likely scavenge Pi from the organically bound Pi that is prevalent in most soils. Although the catalytic function and regulation of plant PAPs have been described, their physiological function in plants has not been fully established. Recent biochemical and proteomic studies indicated that AtPAP26 is the predominant intracellular (vacuolar) and a major secreted purple APase isozyme upregulated by Pi-starved (-Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana. The in planta function of AtPAP26 was assessed by molecular, biochemical, and phenotypic characterization of a homozygous Salk T-DNA insertion mutant. Loss of AtPAP26 expression resulted in the elimination of AtPAP26 transcripts and 55-kDa immunoreactive AtPAP26 polypeptides, correlated with a 9- and 5-fold decrease in extractable shoot and root APase activity, respectively, as well as a 40% reduction in secreted APase activity of –Pi seedlings. The results corroborate previous findings implying that AtPAP26 is: (i) the principal contributor to Pi starvation inducible APase activity in Arabidopsis, and (ii) controlled post-transcriptionally mainly at the level of protein accumulation. Total shoot free Pi level was about 40% lower in –Pi atpap26 mutants relative to wild-type controls, but unaffected under Pi-sufficient conditions. Moreover, shoot, root, inflorescence, and silique development of the atpap26 mutant was impaired during Pi deprivation, but unaffected under Pi-replete conditions, or during nitrogen or potassium-limited growth, or oxidative stress. The results suggest that the hydrolysis of Pi from organic-phosphate esters by AtPAP26 makes an important contribution to Pi-recycling and scavenging in –Pi Arabidopsis. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-01 09:46:39.302

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nakagi_vs_me_jabo.pdf: 402591 bytes, checksum: bde6a86608bbb9a9d68eb164ee5cc8ca (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A produção de fosfatase ácida extracelular pelo fungo Penicillium implicatum foi estudada em diferentes concentrações de fosfato no meio de cultivo e na presença e ausência de agitação. A produção de fosfatase ácida extracelular repressível foi cerca de 15 vezes maior em meio agitado e na presença de 50 ìM de KH2PO4 quando comparada ao tratamento controle. A enzima foi purificada 19 vezes em Fenil Sepharose CL-4B, e apresenta uma atividade específica de 27,3U/mg. A enzima é um monômero de massa molecular (Mr) da ordem de 45KDa. O pH ótimo aparente das atividades p-NFFásica e de pirofosfatase é de 5,5. Os íons Zn, Mg, e Co; EDTA, tartarato e iodoacetamida exerceram pouca ou nenhuma influência sobre a atividade da fosfatase ácida de P. implicatum; enquanto que a enzima foi inibida por molibdato e arsenato. A enzima apresenta atividade pirofosfatásica de 297,78U/mg a 4mM de pirofosfato e pH 5,5. A cinética de hidrólise simultânea dos substratos PNFF e PPi mostrou que ambos os substratos ligaram-se ao mesmo sítio. A aplicação da fosfatase na hidrólise de fitato em ração animal sugere uma forma de disponibilizar fosfato para o organismo e também minimizar o impacto ambiental. / The extracellular production of acid phosphatase by Penicillium implicatum was studied at different concentrations of phosphate and in the presence and absence of agitation growth medium. The production of extracellular repressible acid phosphatase was about 15-fold highest in agitated medium with 50ì M of KH2PO4 when compared to the control treatment. The enzyme was purified 19-fold on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and showed specific activity of 27,3U/mg. The enzyme is a monomer with molecular weight (Mr) of ~ 45KDa. The optimum pH of the p-NPP and pyrophosphate activities was 5,5. The Zn, Mg, Ca, Mn and Co ions, EDTA and tartarate had no effects; but it was inhibitored by arsenate and molybdate. The pyrophosphate activity was 298U/mg at 4mM and pH 5,5. The kinetics data of simultaneous p-NPP and pyrophosphate hydrolysis, showed that both substrates had bound the same active site. The phosphatase application on fitate hydrolysis in animal food suggests a mean to dispose phosphate to the organism and also to minimize the environmental impact.

Orientador: João Martins Pizauro Júnior / Banca: Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro / Banca: Pietro Ciancaglini / Resumo: A produção de fosfatase ácida extracelular pelo fungo Penicillium implicatum foi estudada em diferentes concentrações de fosfato no meio de cultivo e na presença e ausência de agitação. A produção de fosfatase ácida extracelular repressível foi cerca de 15 vezes maior em meio agitado e na presença de 50 ìM de KH2PO4 quando comparada ao tratamento controle. A enzima foi purificada 19 vezes em Fenil Sepharose CL-4B, e apresenta uma atividade específica de 27,3U/mg. A enzima é um monômero de massa molecular (Mr) da ordem de 45KDa. O pH ótimo aparente das atividades p-NFFásica e de pirofosfatase é de 5,5. Os íons Zn, Mg, e Co; EDTA, tartarato e iodoacetamida exerceram pouca ou nenhuma influência sobre a atividade da fosfatase ácida de P. implicatum; enquanto que a enzima foi inibida por molibdato e arsenato. A enzima apresenta atividade pirofosfatásica de 297,78U/mg a 4mM de pirofosfato e pH 5,5. A cinética de hidrólise simultânea dos substratos PNFF e PPi mostrou que ambos os substratos ligaram-se ao mesmo sítio. A aplicação da fosfatase na hidrólise de fitato em ração animal sugere uma forma de disponibilizar fosfato para o organismo e também minimizar o impacto ambiental. / Abstract: The extracellular production of acid phosphatase by Penicillium implicatum was studied at different concentrations of phosphate and in the presence and absence of agitation growth medium. The production of extracellular repressible acid phosphatase was about 15-fold highest in agitated medium with 50ì M of KH2PO4 when compared to the control treatment. The enzyme was purified 19-fold on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and showed specific activity of 27,3U/mg. The enzyme is a monomer with molecular weight (Mr) of ~ 45KDa. The optimum pH of the p-NPP and pyrophosphate activities was 5,5. The Zn, Mg, Ca, Mn and Co ions, EDTA and tartarate had no effects; but it was inhibitored by arsenate and molybdate. The pyrophosphate activity was 298U/mg at 4mM and pH 5,5. The kinetics data of simultaneous p-NPP and pyrophosphate hydrolysis, showed that both substrates had bound the same active site. The phosphatase application on fitate hydrolysis in animal food suggests a mean to dispose phosphate to the organism and also to minimize the environmental impact. / Mestre

Reporter gene technology has facilitated greatly the analysis of gene expression and the study of individual promoters and their regulation. Although various reporter gene systems are available, none of them are universally applicable and consequently, studies aimed at screening of new reporters are continuing. Toward this end, an acid phosphatase, designated SapS, was identified and characterized from the culture supernatant of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from vegetables. Biochemical characterization of the 30-kDa monomeric enzyme indicated that it displayed optimum activity at 40°C and pH 5, using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) as substrate. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by Mg2+, but was inhibited by EDTA and molybdate. Based on its properties and amino acid sequence analyses, SapS was classified as a new member of the bacterial class C family of non-specific acid phosphatases. The S. aureus SapS enzyme was subsequently evaluated as a reporter for host strain evaluation and cell surface display. Bacillus halodurans of which the major cell wall protease gene (wprA) was inactivated was used as expression host, and the cell wall-binding domain of the cwlC gene from B. halodurans was used as an anchoring motif for cell surface display. The results from in vitro enzyme activity assays indicated that extracellular production of the SapS reporter enzyme was improved 3.5-fold in the mutant compared to wild-type B. halodurans strain. Zymographic detection of SapS activity showed that the SapS-CwlC fusion protein was localized in the B. halodurans cell wall fraction, thus demonstrating the potential of SapS as a reporter for cell surface display of heterologous proteins. The versatility of the SapS enzyme as a reporter for gene expression and protein secretion in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also investigated. Transcriptional and translational fusions of the sapS gene with selected heterologous promoters and signal sequences were constructed, and expressed in Escherichia coli, B. subtilis and B. halodurans. The strongest promoter for heterologous protein production in each of the host strains was identified, i.e. the E. coli lacZ promoter in E. coli, the B. halodurans alkaline protease promoter in B. subtilis, and the B. halodurans σD promoter in B. halodurans. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.