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No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina moroni - atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina micropogonias furnieri.pdf: 1099496 bytes, checksum: f4121ee0cb5558274a8aa510dfe92eaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) é a principal espécie processada pelas indústrias de Rio Grande, na Região sul do Brasil. Desse processamento é descartado e ou subutilizada grande quantidade de subprodutos (carcaça, pele, vísceras), se tornando necessário encontrar meios de aproveitamento dessa matéria, uma vez que estes subprodutos apresentam uma quantidade valiosa de proteínas. Um método eficiente para o aproveitamento destas proteínas é a hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de peptídeos bioativos. Maior atenção tem se concentrado sobre peptídeos com atividades antioxidantes devido aos radicais livres que são gerados pela oxidação, um processo vital em todos os organismos vivos, sendo que estes radicais estão relacionados com muitas doenças tais como: doenças do coração, arteriosclerose e câncer e sobre atividade antimicrobiana (PAM), devido aos PAM apresentarem uma atividade microbicida rápida e potente contra inúmeros micro-organismos. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter peptídeos bioativos, a partir de um processo de hidrólise enzimática, utilizando como substratos o isolado proteico obtido da carne mecanicamente separada de corvina (IP) e ossos de corvina (OC). A reação de hidólise ocorreu em banho termostatizado, utilizando três enzimas em separado: Alcalase (pH 8,0 e 50 °C), Flavourzyme (pH 7,0; 50 °C) e Protamex (pH 7,0; 40 °C). A concentração de enzima e substrato proteico foi de 1:10(U/g) segundo a atividade específica de cada uma (Alcalase 99,75 U/g, Flavourzyme 2,07 U/g e Protamex 8,41 U/g), quando o processo de hidrólise se tornou constante a reação foi interrompida pela inativação da enzima à 90°C/10 min. Foi então realizado o fracionamento dos peptídeos pelo método de ultrafiltração, nas fraçõe maiores que 3 kDa foram avaliadas as atividades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, sendo que a fração obtida dos OD, utilizando a enzima Protamex apresentou atividade antioxidante, onde em concentrações de 1,0 mg/mL, pode se observar uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio no interior da células de hepatócitos de Zebrafish. A fração obtida do IP utilizando a Flavourzyme e a fração obtida dos OD utilizando a Alcalase apresentaram zona de inibição para a bactéria Salmonella Enteritidis, valores estes de 48,0 mm e 54,7 mm, respectivamente, já para a bactéria Staphylococcus coagulase positiva três frações apresentaram zona de inibição, uma obtida do IP utilizando a Alcalase e duas dos OD uma utilizando a Alcalase e outra a Protamex, com zona de inibição de 37,3, 32,7 mm e 69,3 mm, respectivamente. Com esses resultados pode-se concluir que os subprodutos da corvina, podem ser uma fonte de peptídeos bioativos, a fim de avaliar a incorporação destes em alimentos funcionais. / Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is the main specie processed by Rio Grande industries in southerv Brazil. From this processing, a large amount of byproducts (carcasses, skin, offal) are discarded, making it necessary to find means to use this material. Since these byproducts have a number of valuable proteins. An efficient method for the utilization of these proteins is the enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain bioactive peptides. Increased attention has focused on antioxidant activity due to oxidation, which is a vital process in all live organisms, and its effect generates free radicals which are linked to many diseases such as heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer and has on antimicrobial ativicty, due since these have a rapid and powerful microbicidal activity against numerous micro-organisms. Thus the aim of this study was to obtain bioactive peptides from a process of enzymatic hydrolysis, using the protein isolate obtained from meat that is mechanically separated from croaker (PI) and croaker bones (CB) as substrates. The hydrolysis reaction occurred in a thermostated bath using three separate: Alcalase (pH 8.0, 50 °C), Flavourzyme (pH 7.0, 50 °C) and Protamex (pH 7.0, 40 °C), the enzyme concentration and protein substrate was 1:10 (U/g) according to each specific activity (Alcalase 99.75 U/g, Flavourzyme 2.07 U/g and Protamex 8.41 U/g) and when the hydrolysis process became constant, the reaction was stopped by inactivating the enzyme at 90 °C/10 min. It was then held fractionation of peptides by ultrafiltration method, the 3 kDa larger than fraçõe antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated, and the fraction obtained from the OD Protamex using the enzyme showed antioxidant activity, and at concentrations of 1.0 mg / mL, can observe a reduction of reactive oxygen species inside the cells of zebrafish hepatocytes. The fraction obtained using the IP Flavourzyme and the fraction of OD obtained using Alcalase showed zone of inhibition for Salmonella Enteritidis, values of 48.0 mm and 54.7 mm, respectively, while for the bacteria Staphylococcus coagulase positive three fractions exhibited zone of inhibition obtained from one IP using Alcalase one and two of OD using Alcalase and another Protamex with inhibition zone 37.3, 32.7 mm and 69.3 mm, respectively. With these results it can be concluded that the products of croaker, can be a source of bioactive peptides to assess their incorporation into functional foods.

<p>Mrka trulež, čiji je prouzrokovač Monilinia laxa, spada u najče&scaron;če i najznačajnije bolesti ploda ko&scaron;tičavih voćaka, naročito tre&scaron;nje. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrde razlike u reakciji&nbsp; devet sorti plodova tre&scaron;nje (različitih pomolo&scaron;kih osobina) prema mrkoj truleži, uzorkovanih sa oglednog dobra Departmana za voćarstvo i vinogradarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad na Rimskim &Scaron;ančevima (koordinate: 45&deg;20&acute;N, 19&deg;51&acute;E). S obzirom da se u prirodnim uslovima plod tre&scaron;nje može zaraziti od strane vi&scaron;e patogena, biohemijski parametri su analizirani i na ve&scaron;tački inokulisanim plodovima. Ispitivane sorte su pokazale značajne razlike u pojavi oboljenja na plodu, kako u uslovima ve&scaron;tačke inokulacije, tako i u prirodnoj infekciji. U oba slučaja kod sorti su zabeležene različite ocene intenziteta zaraze, zavisno od sortimenta. Biohemijskom analizom plodova zabeležene su značajne razlike u sadržaju rastvorljivih proteina (SP), aktivnosti supereksid dismutaze (SOD), aktivnosti gvajakol peroksidaze (GPx), aktivnost pirogalol peroksidaze (PPx), lipidnoj peroksidaciji (LP). Utvrđene su značajne razlike u sadržaju &scaron;ećera, organskih kiselinih i sekundarnih metabolita (fenoli, tanini, proantocijanidini, flavonoidi, antocijanini). Takođe rezultati su pokazali razlike u antioksidantnoj aktivnost (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS i TRC testovi). Na sadržaj sekundarnih biomolekula kao i na antioksidantnu&nbsp; aktivnost&nbsp; uticali su sorta, intenzitet zaraze ploda, kao i interakcija između ova dva faktora. Većina ispitivanih sorti je pokazala visok sadržaj polifenolnih komponenti, dok je u uslovima infekcije,<br />Fitohemijska analiza i antioksidantni kapacitet plodova tre&scaron;nje inficiranih gljivom Monilinia laxa Aderh i Ruhl,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. Borković<br /><br /><br />sadržaj ovih parametara bio značajno niži. Na osnovu dobijenih razultata, sadržaj sekundarnih metabolita se može koristiti kao jedan od parametara u oceni otpornosti sorti tre&scaron;nje prema mrkoj truleži. Datum</p>

<p>Cilj rada je bio ispitivanje funkcionalnih karakteristika kombuha napitka<br />od melise (<em>Melissa officinalis</em> L.). Antibakterijska aktivnost kombuha<br />napitaka optimalne konzumne i većih kiselosti ispitana je prema<br />bakterijama izolovanim iz hrane i vode za piće. Nosilac antimikrobne<br />aktivnosti je sirćetna kiselina, a na ostale nosioce ukazuje delovanje<br />neutralisane kombuhe i čajnog napitka prema nekim test bakterijama.<br />Spektrofotometrijskom metodom određen je sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih<br />jedinjenja, a HPLC analizom određen je kvalitativni i kvantitativni sastav<br />fenolnih jedinjenja u fermentacionim tečnostima, čajnim i kombuha<br />napicima od melise i crnog čaja. Antioksidativna aktivnost istih uzoraka<br />ispitana je na DPPH i OH radikale ESR spektralnom metodom. Uzorci<br />fermentacione tečnosti i kombuha napitka od melise imali su veću<br />antioksidativnu aktivnost prema oba radikala u odnosu na uzorke sa<br />crnim čajem. Konzumna kombuha od melise imala je veću<br />antioksidativnu aktivnost od čajnog napitka. Aktivne komponente<br />kombuha napitka od melise su verovatno ruzmarinska kiselina i<br />kvercetin. U ispitivanju antiproliferativne aktivnosti konzumnog<br />kombuha napitka i čajnog napitka od melise na tri ćelijske linije humanih<br />karcinoma: HeLa (epitelni karcinom grlića materice), MCF-7<br />(adenokarcinom dojke) i HT-29 (adenokarcinom debelog creva) utvrđeno<br />je da nije do&scaron;lo do stimulacije proliferacije ispitanih ćelijskih linija pri<br />koncentracijama većim od 100 &mu;g/ml. Pored istraživanja biolo&scaron;ke<br />aktivnosti ispitana je mogućnost simultane mlečno-kiselinske i kombuha<br />fermentacije. Dodatkom starter kultura i <em>Lactobacillus spp</em>. izolata u<br />fermentacionu tečnost dolazi do povećanja sadržaja L- i D- mlečne<br />kiseline, iako su ćelije bakterija mlečne kiseline, osim izolata iz kiselog<br />testa (<em>L. hilgardii</em>), pokazale malu otpornost na uslove tokom<br />fermentacije i čuvanja pripremljenih napitaka. Izvr&scaron;ena je i identifikacija<br />bakterija sirćetnog vrenja izolovanih iz lokalnih čajnih gljiva PCR<br />metodom. Dva izolata verovatno pripadaju vrsti <em>Gluconobacter oxydans</em>,<br />a treći vrsti <em>Gluconacetobacter hansenii</em>.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to investigate functional characteristics of akombucha beverage from lemon balm (<em>Melissa officinalis</em> L.) tea. Antibacterial activity of kombucha beverages with optimum and higheracidities was tested against bacteria isolated from food and drinking water. The main active component of antibacterial activity was acetic acid, while slight activity of neutralized kombucha and unfermented tea against some test bacteria indicated presence of other antibacterial components. Total phenol concentration in unfermented tea samples, fermentation broths and kombucha beverages from lemon balm and black tea was determined spectrophotometrically whereas qualitative and quantitative concentration of polyphenolic compounds was determined by HPLC method. Antioxidant activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radical in the same samples was determined on an ESR spectrometer. Fermentation broth and kombucha beverage from lemon balm had higher antioxidant activity against both radicals than the samples from black tea. Kombucha beverage from lemon balm with optimum acidity had higher antioxidant activity than unfermented lemon balm tea. The main active components of antioxidant activity were probably rosmarinic acid and quercetin. Antiproliferative activity of lemon balm tea and kombucha was measured by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay on HeLa (cervix epitheloid carcinoma), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. By applying concentrations higher than 100 &mu;g/ml, tested samples did not stimulate proliferation of cell lines. The possibility of simultaneous lactic acid and kombucha fermentation was tested as well. When starter cultures and Lactobacillus spp. isolates were applied, the content of Land D- lactic acid increased during fermentation, although lactic acid bacteria (except <em>L. hilgardii</em> isolated from sour dough) showed low resistance to the conditions during fermentation and beverages storage. Acetic acid bacteria isolated from local tea fungus were identified by PCR method. Two isolates might be <em>Gluconobacter oxydans</em> and one - <em>Gluconacetobacter hansenii.</em></p>

<p>Karakterizacija&nbsp; ekstrakata&nbsp; plodnih&nbsp; tela&nbsp; devet&nbsp;autohtonih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; gljiva&nbsp; pripadnika&nbsp; razdela&nbsp;Basidiomycota&nbsp; obuhvatila&nbsp; je&nbsp; preliminarno&nbsp;ispitivanje&nbsp; hemijskog&nbsp; sastava&nbsp; i&nbsp; ispitivanje biolo&scaron;ke&nbsp; aktivnosti.&nbsp; Primenom&nbsp; HPLC‐MS/MS&nbsp; i&nbsp;GC-FID tehnike &nbsp;detektovan&nbsp;je&nbsp;i&nbsp;određen&nbsp;sadržaj&nbsp;fenolnih&nbsp;jedinjenja&nbsp;i&nbsp;metil&nbsp;estara&nbsp;masnih&nbsp;kiselina.&nbsp;<br />Primenom&nbsp; tehnike&nbsp; elektroforeze&nbsp; na&nbsp; mikročipu&nbsp;(&quot;LAB‐ON‐A‐CHIP&quot;&nbsp; kapilarnom&nbsp; elektroforezom)&nbsp;izvr&scaron;ena&nbsp;je&nbsp;karakterizacija&nbsp;proteinskih&nbsp;frakcija&nbsp;u&nbsp;odabranim&nbsp; vrstama&nbsp; gljiva.&nbsp; Antioksidantna&nbsp;aktivnost&nbsp; (sposobnost&nbsp; neutralizacije&nbsp; slobodnih &nbsp;radikala, &nbsp;redukcioni&nbsp;potencijal),&nbsp;sadržaj&nbsp;ukupnih&nbsp;fenola&nbsp; i&nbsp; flavonoida&nbsp; vodenih&nbsp; i&nbsp; etanolnih&nbsp;<br />ekstrakata&nbsp; ispitan&nbsp; je&nbsp; primenom&nbsp;spektrofotometrijskih&nbsp; metoda.&nbsp; Antimikrobna&nbsp;<br />aktivnost&nbsp; metanolnog&nbsp; i&nbsp; heksanskog&nbsp; ekstrakta&nbsp;ispitana&nbsp; je&nbsp; na&nbsp; Gram‐pozitivnim&nbsp; i&nbsp; Gram&ndash;negativnim bakterijskim&nbsp; sojevima.&nbsp; Efekat etanolnih&nbsp;i&nbsp;vodenih &nbsp;ekstrakata &nbsp;odabranih&nbsp;vrsta gljiva&nbsp; na&nbsp; rast&nbsp;ćelijske&nbsp; linije&nbsp; MCF7&nbsp; (humani adenokarcinom&nbsp;dojke pozitivan&nbsp;na&nbsp;estrogenske&nbsp;i progesteronske&nbsp;receptore),&nbsp;ispitan&nbsp;je&nbsp;MTT&nbsp;i&nbsp;SRB testom,&nbsp;dok&nbsp;je&nbsp;efekat&nbsp;frakcija&nbsp;ispitan&nbsp;primenom MTT&nbsp; testa.&nbsp; Sumarno,&nbsp; ukupni&nbsp; biopotencijal ispitivanih&nbsp;vrsta&nbsp;na&nbsp;osnovu&nbsp;sprovedenih&nbsp;analiza hemijske&nbsp; karakterizacije&nbsp; i&nbsp; biolo&scaron;kih&nbsp; testova upućuju&nbsp;opravdanost&nbsp;hipoteze&nbsp;da&nbsp;su&nbsp;odabrane vrste&nbsp;potencijalni &nbsp;izvori&nbsp;nutraceutika.&nbsp;Svakako&nbsp;je potrebno&nbsp;i&nbsp;neophodno&nbsp;nastaviti&nbsp;dalja&nbsp;istraživanja ovih&nbsp;vrsta.</p> / <p>Characterization&nbsp;of&nbsp;extracts&nbsp;of&nbsp;fruiting&nbsp;bodies&nbsp;of&nbsp;<br />nine&nbsp;native&nbsp;species&nbsp;of&nbsp;mushrooms&nbsp;members&nbsp;of&nbsp;<br />section&nbsp; Basidiomycota&nbsp; included&nbsp; preliminary&nbsp;<br />testing&nbsp; of&nbsp; chemical&nbsp; composition&nbsp; and&nbsp; biological&nbsp;<br />activity.&nbsp; Using&nbsp; HPLC‐MS&nbsp; /&nbsp; MS&nbsp; and&nbsp; GC‐FID&nbsp;<br />techniques&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;of&nbsp;phenolic&nbsp;compounds&nbsp;<br />and&nbsp;fatty&nbsp;acid&nbsp;methyl&nbsp;esters&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;detected&nbsp;<br />and&nbsp;determined.&nbsp;By&nbsp;applying&nbsp;the&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;of&nbsp;<br />electrophoresis&nbsp; on&nbsp; microchip&nbsp; (&quot;LAB‐ON‐A‐CHIP&quot;&nbsp;<br />capillary&nbsp; electrophoresis)&nbsp; characterization&nbsp; of&nbsp;<br />protein&nbsp;fractions&nbsp;in&nbsp;selected&nbsp;types&nbsp;of&nbsp;mushrooms&nbsp;<br />has&nbsp;been&nbsp;performed.&nbsp;The&nbsp;antioxidant&nbsp;activity&nbsp;(the&nbsp;<br />ability&nbsp; of&nbsp; neutralizing&nbsp; free&nbsp; radicals,&nbsp; reducing&nbsp;<br />potential),&nbsp; the&nbsp; contents&nbsp; of&nbsp; total&nbsp; phenols&nbsp; and&nbsp;<br />flavonoids&nbsp; of&nbsp; water&nbsp; and&nbsp; ethanol&nbsp; extracts&nbsp; has&nbsp;<br />been&nbsp; tested&nbsp; using&nbsp; the&nbsp; spectrophotometric&nbsp;<br />method.&nbsp; The&nbsp; antimicrobial&nbsp; activity&nbsp; of&nbsp; methanol&nbsp;<br />and&nbsp; hexane&nbsp; extracts&nbsp; was&nbsp; tested&nbsp; against&nbsp; Gram‐<br />positive&nbsp;and&nbsp;Gram‐negative&nbsp;bacterial&nbsp;strains.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<br />effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; ethanol&nbsp; and&nbsp; aqueous&nbsp; extracts&nbsp; of&nbsp;<br />selected&nbsp;fungi&nbsp;species&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;growth&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;cell&nbsp;<br />line&nbsp; MCF7&nbsp; (human&nbsp; breast&nbsp; adenocarcinoma&nbsp;<br />positive&nbsp; for&nbsp; estrogen&nbsp; and&nbsp; progesterone&nbsp;<br />receptors),&nbsp; has&nbsp; been&nbsp; examined&nbsp; using&nbsp; MTT&nbsp; and&nbsp;<br />SRB&nbsp;assay,&nbsp;while&nbsp;the&nbsp;effect&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;fractions&nbsp;has&nbsp;<br />been&nbsp;tested&nbsp;by&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;MTT&nbsp;assay.&nbsp;In&nbsp;summary,&nbsp;<br />the&nbsp;overall&nbsp;biological&nbsp;potential&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;examined&nbsp;<br />species&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; results&nbsp; for&nbsp; chemical&nbsp; and&nbsp;<br />biological&nbsp; characterization&nbsp; tests&nbsp; (anti‐oxidative,&nbsp;<br />antimicrobial&nbsp;and&nbsp;anti‐proliferative)&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;the&nbsp;<br />justifiability&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; hypothesis&nbsp; that&nbsp; examined&nbsp;<br />species&nbsp; of&nbsp; mushrooms&nbsp; are&nbsp; potential&nbsp; sources&nbsp; of&nbsp;<br />nutraceuticals.&nbsp; It&nbsp; is&nbsp; certainly&nbsp; needed&nbsp; and&nbsp;<br />necessary&nbsp;to&nbsp;continue&nbsp;further&nbsp;research&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;<br />species.</p>

<p>U ovom radu je izvr&scaron;eno kvantitativno&nbsp;određivanje i identifikacija biljnih fenola i&nbsp;<br />flavonoida etanolih ekstrakata ploda per&scaron;una&nbsp;(<em>Petroselini fructus</em>), kore kru&scaron;ine (<em>Frangulae&nbsp;cortex</em>), lista pitome nane (<em>Mentha piperitae&nbsp;folium</em>), ploda kima (<em>Carvi fructus</em>) i lista breze&nbsp;(<em>Betulae folium</em>), kao i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant^&reg;((<em>Frangulae cortex</em>(35 %),&nbsp; <em>Mentha&nbsp;piperitae folium</em>(20%),&nbsp; <em>Carvi fructus</em>(20 %),&nbsp;<em>Petroselini fructus&nbsp;</em>(25 %)). U nastavku&nbsp;istraživanja ispitivana je antioksidantna aktivnosti etanolih ekstrakata primenom&nbsp;direktnih, ESR &ldquo;spin trap&ldquo; spektroskopskih&nbsp;metoda određivanja &ldquo;skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti na&nbsp;superoksid anjon i &nbsp;hidroksil radikale i&nbsp;indirektnih, spektrofotometrijskih testova za&nbsp;određivanje skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti na DPPH˙&nbsp;radikale, redoks potencijala i helatacione&nbsp;aktivnosti, kao i antioksidantne aktivnosti u&nbsp;sistemu&nbsp; &beta;-karoten-linolna kiselina. Osim navedenog, deo istraživanja je posvećen&nbsp;ispitivanju termičke stabilnosti ekstrakata&nbsp;navedenih biljaka i komercijalnog preparata&nbsp;Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;radi sticanja uvida u mogućnost&nbsp;njihove primene u &nbsp;pekarskim proizvodima. U&nbsp;poslednjoj fazi rada, izvr&scaron;eno je određivanje sposobnosti pulvisa i etanolnog ekstrakta komercijalnog &nbsp;preparata Vitalplant^&reg; da inhibiraju oksidaciju lipida u keksu, primenom spektrofotometrijskih testova &ldquo;skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti &nbsp;na DPPH˙ radikale i MDA testa. Ispitane biljne sirovine, kao i komercijalni preparat Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;su bogat izvor jedinjenja iz klase biljnih fenola. Sve ispitane biljne droge poseduju antioksidantnu aktivnost, koja se značajno ne menja usled termičkog tretmana. Dodatak biljne me&scaron;avine Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;, upravo proporcionalno njenom sadržaju, &nbsp;dovodi do povećanja antioksidantne aktivnosti keksa i smanjenja stepena lipidne peroksidacije.&nbsp;</p> / <p>In this paper, quantitative determination and identification of plant phenolics and flavonoids of ethanolic extracts obtained from parsley fruit (<em>Petroselini fructus</em>), buckthorn bark (<em>Frangulae cortex</em>), mint leaves (<em>Mentha piperitae folium</em>), caraway fruit&nbsp; (<em>Carvi fructus</em>), birch leaves (<em>Betulae folium</em>), as well as from commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg; ((<em>Frangulae cortex</em>(35 %), <em>Mentha piperitae folium</em>&nbsp;(20%), <em>Carvi fructus</em>(20 %), <em>Petroselini fructus&nbsp;</em>(25 %)) was performed. In addition, antioxidant&nbsp; activity of ethanolic extracts was tested, by applying direct, ESR &ldquo;spin trap&ldquo; &nbsp;spectroscopic methods for the determination of scavenging activity on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and indirect, spectrophotometric methods for the determination of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating activity and antioxidant activity in&nbsp; &beta;-carotene-linoleic acid model system. Moreover, thermal stability of the ethanolic extracts was tested in order to get insight into possible application of the extracts in bakery products. Finally, the ability of the commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg;, in the form of powder and extract, to inhibit oxidative changes of cookies was tested by applying spectrophotometric DPPH radical scavenging and MDA tests.</p><p>According to obtained results, investigated plant samples, including commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg;, are rich source of plant phenolics. Investigated plant drugs possess antioxidant activity, which is not significantly changed after the thermal treatment. Cookie supplementation with commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg; results in&nbsp; better oxidative stability of lipids and enhanced antioxidant activity of the cookies.</p>

<p>Prema postavljenim ciljevima u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji sakupljeno je i&nbsp;<br />determinisano&nbsp;ukupno&nbsp;sedam&nbsp;vrsta&nbsp;autohtonih&nbsp;gljiva&nbsp;sa&nbsp;područja&nbsp;Fru&scaron;ke&nbsp;gore, Tare i&nbsp; Vr&scaron;ačkog brega, pet lignikolnih&nbsp;‐&nbsp;<em>Bjerkandera adusta</em>,&nbsp;<em>Pleurocybella&nbsp; porrigens</em>,&nbsp;St<em>ereum&nbsp;hirsutum,&nbsp;Stereum&nbsp;subtomentosum</em>&nbsp;i&nbsp;Trametes&nbsp;versicolor,&nbsp;i&nbsp;<br />dve&nbsp; terikolne&nbsp;‐&nbsp;<em>Amanita&nbsp; strobiliformis</em>&nbsp;i Hydnum repandum. Utvrđena je&nbsp; njihova&nbsp;biolo&scaron;ka&nbsp;aktivnost&nbsp;(antiradikalska,&nbsp;antioksidativna,&nbsp;antimikrobna,&nbsp;anti‐acetilholinesterazna&nbsp;i&nbsp;citotokisčna)&nbsp;spram&nbsp;hemijskog&nbsp;sastava&nbsp;njihovih&nbsp;vodenih&nbsp;<br />(H₂O),&nbsp;etanolnih&nbsp;(EtOH),&nbsp;metanolnih&nbsp;(MeOH)&nbsp;i&nbsp;polisaharidnih&nbsp;(PSH)&nbsp;ekstrakata.&nbsp;<br />Analiza&nbsp;hemijskog&nbsp;sastava&nbsp;odabranih&nbsp;vrsta&nbsp;uključila&nbsp;je&nbsp;određivanje&nbsp;hemijske&nbsp;<br />karakterizacije&nbsp;PSH&nbsp;ekstrakata&nbsp;‐&nbsp;FTIR&nbsp;analizom,&nbsp;određivanje&nbsp;fenolnog&nbsp;profila&nbsp;‐&nbsp;<br />HPMC/MS‐MS,&nbsp;sadržaja&nbsp;organskih&nbsp;kiselina&nbsp;‐&nbsp;HPLC,&nbsp;sadržaja&nbsp;masnih&nbsp;kiselina&nbsp;‐&nbsp;<br />GC‐FID&nbsp;i&nbsp;sadržaja&nbsp;biogenih&nbsp;elemenata&nbsp;‐&nbsp;AAS.&nbsp;Spektrofotometrijskim&nbsp;metodama<br />određen je ukupan sadržaj proteina i ukupan sadržaj fenola i flavonoida.&nbsp;<br />Prema&nbsp;antiradikalskoj&nbsp;aktivnosti&nbsp;OH^{&bull; ,&nbsp;}O2^&bull;‐,&nbsp;OH^&bull;,&nbsp;Asc^&bull;,&nbsp;DPPH^&bull;&nbsp; i&nbsp;ABTS^&bull;+&nbsp;izdvojili&nbsp;<br />su&nbsp; se&nbsp; ekstrakti lignikolnih vrsta:&nbsp; MeOH ekstrakt vrste&nbsp;<em>P. porrigens</em>, H₂O&nbsp; ekstrakt&nbsp;<em>P.&nbsp;porrigens</em>,&nbsp;MeOH&nbsp;ekstrakt&nbsp;<em>T.&nbsp;versicolor</em>,&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;ekstrakt&nbsp;<em>S.&nbsp;hirsutum, </em>MeOH&nbsp;ekstrakt&nbsp;<em>S.&nbsp;subtomentosum</em>&nbsp;i&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;ekstrakt&nbsp;<em>B.&nbsp;adusta</em>,&nbsp;navedenim&nbsp;redom.&nbsp;<br />Najjaču antioksidativnu aktivnost dobijenu FRAP i polarografskom HPMC&nbsp;<br />metodom ispoljili su PSH i H₂O ekstrakti terikolne vrste&nbsp;<em>A. strobiliformis</em>.&nbsp;<br />Antimikrobna aktivnost analiziranih ekstrakata određena je ispitivanjem&nbsp;<br />antibakterijskog,&nbsp;antifungalnog&nbsp;i&nbsp;antiviralnog&nbsp;potencijala,&nbsp;pri&nbsp;čemu&nbsp;se&nbsp;izdvojila&nbsp;<br />vrsta&nbsp;<em> H.&nbsp; repandum</em>&nbsp;ispoljavajući najbolji efekat na Gram‐pozitivne i Gram‐<br />negativne bakterije i na sve analizirane fitopatogene izolate&nbsp;<em>(Fusarium&nbsp;</em>i&nbsp;<br />Alternaria)&nbsp;i<em>&nbsp;T.&nbsp;versicolor</em>&nbsp;na&nbsp;analizirani&nbsp;bakteriofag.&nbsp;Anti‐acetilholinesterazna&nbsp;<br />aktivnost određena je testovima in solid i in liquid, a najbolji procenat&nbsp;<br />inhibicije AChE ispoljili su EtOH ekstrakti vrsta&nbsp;<em>S. hirsutum</em>,&nbsp;<em>B. adusta</em>,&nbsp;<em>S</em>.&nbsp;<br /><em>subtomentosum</em>&nbsp;i&nbsp;<em>T.&nbsp;versicolor</em>.&nbsp;Citotoksična&nbsp;aktivnost&nbsp;ekstrakata&nbsp;određena&nbsp;je&nbsp;<br />MTT testom, a prema najboljoj ispoljenoj aktivnosti izdvojili su se MeOH&nbsp;<br />ekstrakt<em>&nbsp;P.&nbsp;porrigens&nbsp;</em>i&nbsp;ekstrakti<em>&nbsp;B.&nbsp;adusta</em>,&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;i&nbsp;EtOH.&nbsp;Citotoksična&nbsp;aktivnost&nbsp;<br />ovih&nbsp;lignikolnih&nbsp;vrsta&nbsp;naročito&nbsp;je&nbsp;izražena&nbsp;nakon&nbsp;72&nbsp;h.&nbsp;Na&nbsp;osnovu&nbsp;dobijenih&nbsp;<br />rezultata, gde su se istakle različite vrste i njihovi različiti ekstrakti u&nbsp;<br />primenjenim&nbsp;testovima,&nbsp;jasno&nbsp;je&nbsp;da&nbsp;biolo&scaron;ka&nbsp;aktivnost&nbsp;i&nbsp;hemijski&nbsp;sastav&nbsp;zavise&nbsp;<br />od&nbsp;porekla,&nbsp;vrste&nbsp;i&nbsp;tipa&nbsp;ekstrakta&nbsp;analiziranih&nbsp;gljiva.&nbsp;Na&nbsp;osnovu&nbsp;tipa&nbsp;rastvarača&nbsp;<br />odnosno ekstrakata vrsta, koje su pokazale najbolju aktivnost spram pomenutih&nbsp; testova i na osnovu dobijenih korelacija kao i na osnovu detektovanih jedinjenja,&nbsp; pretpostavljamo da su za ispoljene aktivnosti u najvećoj meri odgovorna fenolna&nbsp; jedinjenja&nbsp;i&nbsp;polisaharidi.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />Ispoljeni&nbsp;biopotencijal&nbsp;analiziranih&nbsp;vrsta&nbsp;gljiva&nbsp;upućuje&nbsp;na&nbsp;njihovu&nbsp;potencijalnu&nbsp;<br />upotrebu kao funkcionalne hrane i nutraceutika, kao i u biokontroli&nbsp;<br />fitopatogena.</p> / <p>According&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; set&nbsp; aims&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; presented&nbsp; PhD&nbsp; thesis,&nbsp; seven&nbsp; autochthonous fungal species from the region of Fruska Gora, Tara&nbsp; and Vr&scaron;ac Mountains were collected and determined: five lignicolous ‐ <em>Bjerkandera&nbsp; adusta,&nbsp; Pleurocybella&nbsp; porrigens,&nbsp; Stereum&nbsp; hirsutum,&nbsp; Stereum subtomentosum and Trametes versicolor</em>, and two terricolous ‐ <em>Amanita strobiliformis </em>and <em>Hydnum repandum</em>. Biological activity of these&nbsp; species&nbsp; (antiradical,&nbsp; antioxidant,&nbsp; antimicrobial,&nbsp; anti‐ acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic) was determined in relation to the chemical composition of the extracts, aqueous (H₂O), ethanolic (EtOH), methanolic (MeOH) and polysaccharide (PSH). Analysis of the chemical content of analyzed species included chemical characterization of PSH extracts&nbsp; &ndash;&nbsp; by&nbsp; FTIR&nbsp; analysis,&nbsp; determination&nbsp; of&nbsp; phenolic&nbsp; profile ‐ by HPMC/MS‐MS, content of organic acids ‐ by HPLC, fatty acid content ‐ by&nbsp; GC‐FID&nbsp; and&nbsp; content&nbsp; of&nbsp; biogenic&nbsp; elements ‐ by&nbsp; AAS. Spectrophotometric methods were applied for determination of the content of total proteins, polyphenols and flavonoids. According to the antiradical activity obtained towards OH^&bull;, О2^&bull;‐, OH^&bull;, Asc^&bull;, DPPH^&bull;&nbsp;and ABTS^&bull;+ extracts of lignicolous species were singled out: <em>P. porrigens&nbsp;</em> (MeOH&nbsp; extract),&nbsp;<em> P.&nbsp; porrigens</em>&nbsp; (H₂O&nbsp; extract),&nbsp;<em>T. versicolor</em>&nbsp;(MeOH&nbsp;&nbsp; extract),<em> S. hirsutum </em>(H₂O extract), <em>S. subtomentosum</em> (MeOH extract) and&nbsp;<em>B. austa</em> (H₂O&nbsp; extract),&nbsp; respectively. The&nbsp; highest antioxidant activity obtained by FRAP and the polarographic HPMC method was exhibited&nbsp; for PSH&nbsp; and&nbsp; H₂O extracts of the terricolous species&nbsp;<em>A. strobiliformis</em>. The intimicrobial activity of analyzed extracts was determined by examination of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potentials, whereby&nbsp; the species&nbsp; <em>H.&nbsp; repandum&nbsp;</em>was separated by exhibiting the best effect on Gram‐positive&nbsp; and Gram‐negative bacteria, and all the analyzed hytopathogenic isolates (<em>Fusarium, Alternaria</em>)&nbsp; and <em>T. versicolor</em>&nbsp;against analyzed bacteriophage. Anti‐cetylcholinesterase activity was determined by tests in solid and in liquid, while the best&nbsp; percent of AChE inhibition was showed by EtOH extracts of the species <em>S. hirsutum, B. adusta, S. subtomentosum </em>and <em>T. versicolor</em>.bThe cytotoxic activity of extracts was determined by MTT assay, and according to the best activity, the MeOH extract of <em>P. porrigens</em>, and H₂O and EtOH extracts of <em>B. adusta</em>&nbsp;were distinguished particularly after 72 h. Based on the results obtained, favoring different species and their different extracts in the applied tests, it is clear that the biological activity and chemical composition depend on the origin, species and type of extract of the analyzed fungi. Based on the type of solvent or extract of the species that showed the best activity in relation to the above tests and on the basis of the obtained correlations as well as on&nbsp; the basis of the detected compounds, we assume&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; phenol compounds&nbsp; and&nbsp; polysaccharides&nbsp; are responsible for the activities performed.<br />Demonstrated bio‐potential of analyzed fungal species indicates their&nbsp; potential use as functional foods and nutraceutics, as well as in the biocontrol of phytopathogens.</p>

<p>&nbsp;У оквиру ове докторске дисертације испитан је хемијски састав и биолошке активности ЕtOH, H₂Oи CHCl_3&nbsp; екстраката четири врсте гљива рода<em> Ganoderma</em>&nbsp; (Basidiomycota):&nbsp;<em> G. applanatum,&nbsp; G. lucidum,G. pfeifferi,&nbsp; G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; са територије Војводине.Хемијски састав анализираних врста је одређен<br />применом: ААЅ методе (састав макро-&nbsp; имикроелемената у сувим остацима гљива) и LC-MS/MS технике (квантитативни састав фенолних једињења и флавоноида) при чему је детектовано 12 једињења. Спектрофотометријским методама је одређен садржај протеина, шећера, укупних фенола и флавоноида, код којих је највећи садржај протеина утврђен за ЕtOH екстракте&nbsp;<em> G. applanatum&nbsp; </em>и&nbsp; <em>G. pfeifferi</em>. Испитивања биолошких активности екстраката обухватила су: одређивање<span id="cke_bm_779S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em>&nbsp; in vitro</em><span id="cke_bm_779E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; и&nbsp;<em> in vivo</em> антиоксидантне, антимикробне, антиинфламаторне, антипролиферативне и антијабето<span id="cke_bm_780E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>гене&nbsp;&nbsp; aктивности.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Антиоксидантна активност (способност неутрализације слободних радикала и редукциони потенцијал) је одређена спектрофотометријским методама, при којој су најбољу активност остварили Н₂О екстракти&nbsp;<em> G</em>. <em>applanatum.</em> Антимикробнa активност&nbsp; анализираних екстраката одређена је испитивањем антибактеријског, антифунгалног и антивиралног потенцијала где се издвојила<em> G. pfeifferi</em> врста. Антиинфламаторни потенцијал EtOH и&nbsp; CHCl₃екстраката одређен је<em>&nbsp; ex vivo&nbsp;</em> методом мерењем способности инхибиције продукције медијатора инфламације&nbsp; (продукти&nbsp; метаболизма арахидонске киселине) при којој су бољу активност испољили CHCl₃ екстракти.</p><p>Ефекат EtOH и H₂O екстраката врста рода Ganoderma&nbsp;&nbsp; на раст MCF ћелијске линије испитан је MTT тестом, а посебно су се издвојили&nbsp; EtOH&nbsp; екстракти врста после 72h.</p><p>Остварена антидијабетогена активност EtOH и Н₂О екстраката врста&nbsp; <span id="cke_bm_795S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em>G. pfeifferi&nbsp; </em><span id="cke_bm_795E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>и&nbsp;<em> G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; код алоксан-индукованог&nbsp;<em> D. mell<span id="cke_bm_796E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>itus-a&nbsp;</em> на&nbsp; експерименталним&nbsp; животињама&nbsp; праћена je регенерацијом&nbsp; &szlig;- ћелија&nbsp; Лангерхансових острваца панкреаса. Као потенцијални нефро-&nbsp; и&nbsp; хепатопротективни агенси се издвајају екстракти<em>&nbsp; G. resinaceum.</em></p><p>Сумарно, укупни биопотенцијал анализираних врста рода&nbsp; Ganoderma&nbsp; на основу спроведених анализа хемијске&nbsp;&nbsp; kарактеризације и биолошке активности упућује&nbsp; на&nbsp; могућност њихове потенцијалне примене као нутрацеутика и додатака исхрани, у будућности уз неопходност додатних микохемијских истраживања ових врста, посебно терпеноида и полисахарида, као и других биолошких активности као што је неуропротективна.</p> / <p>&nbsp;U okviru ove doktorske disertacije ispitan je hemijski sastav i biološke aktivnosti EtOH, H₂Oi CHCl_3&nbsp; ekstrakata četiri vrste gljiva roda<em> Ganoderma</em>&nbsp; (Basidiomycota):&nbsp;<em> G. applanatum,&nbsp; G. lucidum,G. pfeifferi,&nbsp; G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; sa teritorije Vojvodine.Hemijski sastav analiziranih vrsta je određen<br />primenom: AAЅ metode (sastav makro-&nbsp; imikroelemenata u suvim ostacima gljiva) i LC-MS/MS tehnike (kvantitativni sastav fenolnih jedinjenja i flavonoida) pri čemu je detektovano 12 jedinjenja. Spektrofotometrijskim metodama je određen sadržaj proteina, šećera, ukupnih fenola i flavonoida, kod kojih je najveći sadržaj proteina utvrđen za EtOH ekstrakte&nbsp;<em> G. applanatum&nbsp; </em>i&nbsp; <em>G. pfeifferi</em>. Ispitivanja bioloških aktivnosti ekstrakata obuhvatila su: određivanje<span id="cke_bm_779S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em>&nbsp; in vitro</em><span id="cke_bm_779E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; i&nbsp;<em> in vivo</em> antioksidantne, antimikrobne, antiinflamatorne, antiproliferativne i antijabeto<span id="cke_bm_780E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>gene&nbsp;&nbsp; aktivnosti.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Antioksidantna aktivnost (sposobnost neutralizacije slobodnih radikala i redukcioni potencijal) je određena spektrofotometrijskim metodama, pri kojoj su najbolju aktivnost ostvarili N₂O ekstrakti&nbsp;<em> G</em>. <em>applanatum.</em> Antimikrobna aktivnost&nbsp; analiziranih ekstrakata određena je ispitivanjem antibakterijskog, antifungalnog i antiviralnog potencijala gde se izdvojila<em> G. pfeifferi</em> vrsta. Antiinflamatorni potencijal EtOH i&nbsp; CHCl₃ekstrakata određen je<em>&nbsp; ex vivo&nbsp;</em> metodom merenjem sposobnosti inhibicije produkcije medijatora inflamacije&nbsp; (produkti&nbsp; metabolizma arahidonske kiseline) pri kojoj su bolju aktivnost ispoljili CHCl₃ ekstrakti.</p><p>Efekat EtOH i H₂O ekstrakata vrsta roda Ganoderma&nbsp;&nbsp; na rast MCF ćelijske linije ispitan je MTT testom, a posebno su se izdvojili&nbsp; EtOH&nbsp; ekstrakti vrsta posle 72h.</p><p>Ostvarena antidijabetogena aktivnost EtOH i N₂O ekstrakata vrsta&nbsp; <span id="cke_bm_795S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em>G. pfeifferi&nbsp; </em><span id="cke_bm_795E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>i&nbsp;<em> G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; kod aloksan-indukovanog&nbsp;<em> D. mell<span id="cke_bm_796E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>itus-a&nbsp;</em> na&nbsp; eksperimentalnim&nbsp; životinjama&nbsp; praćena je regeneracijom&nbsp; &szlig;- ćelija&nbsp; Langerhansovih ostrvaca pankreasa. Kao potencijalni nefro-&nbsp; i&nbsp; hepatoprotektivni agensi se izdvajaju ekstrakti<em>&nbsp; G. resinaceum.</em></p><p>Sumarno, ukupni biopotencijal analiziranih vrsta roda&nbsp; Ganoderma&nbsp; na osnovu sprovedenih analiza hemijske&nbsp;&nbsp; karakterizacije i biološke aktivnosti upućuje&nbsp; na&nbsp; mogućnost njihove potencijalne primene kao nutraceutika i dodataka ishrani, u budućnosti uz neophodnost dodatnih mikohemijskih istraživanja ovih vrsta, posebno terpenoida i polisaharida, kao i drugih bioloških aktivnosti kao što je neuroprotektivna.</p> / <p>Whitin this doctoral thesis the chemical composition and biological activity of EtOH, H<span id="cke_bm_699S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>₂<span id="cke_bm_699E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>O and CHCl₃extracts of four fungal species which belong to genus<em> Ganoderma&nbsp;</em> (phylum Basidiomycota)<span id="cke_bm_700E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>:&nbsp;<em> G. applanatum,&nbsp; G. lucidum,&nbsp; G. pfeifferi,&nbsp; G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; were determinated. The samples were collected from different localities in Vojvodina. Chemical characterization included: AAS methods (compositon of macro- and&nbsp; microelements in d.w. of fungi) and LC-MS/MS technique (quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids) wherein the 12 selected phenolic compounds were detected. The total proteins, sugars, phenolics and flavonoids content were&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; determined using spectrophotometric methods. The highest protein content was determined in EtOH extracts of<span id="cke_bm_707S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><em> G. applanatum&nbsp; </em><span id="cke_bm_707E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>and <em>G. pfeifferi</em>&nbsp; species. In order to assess the biological potential, the in vitro&nbsp; and in vivo antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antidiabetic activities of the extracts were investigated.<span id="cke_bm_708E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; The antioxidant activity (the ability of neutralizing free radicals and reduction potential) estimated byspectrophotometric methods. The highest&nbsp;&nbsp; antioxidant potential was noticed in H₂O extracts of&nbsp; <em>G. applanatum.</em> Evaluation of antimicrobial activity included the estimation of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity, whereby the&nbsp; species&nbsp;<em> G. pfeifferi&nbsp;</em> showed the highest potential The anti-inflammatory activity of EtOH and&nbsp; CHCl₃&nbsp; extracts was determined by&nbsp; ex vivo&nbsp; method measuring the ability of production inhibition of inflammation mediators&nbsp; (products of arachidonic acid metabolism), where the CHCl₃&nbsp; extracts were exhibited better activity.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; The effect of EtOH and H₂O extracts of<em>&nbsp; Ganoderma</em> species on the growth of the cell line MCF-7, has been examined using MTT assay (stand out ethanolic extracts of analyzed species after 72h incubation period).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Achieved antidiabetic activity of EtOH and H₂O extracts o<em>f<span id="cke_bm_725S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> G. pfeifferi<span id="cke_bm_725E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; </em>an<em>d G. resinaceum</em>&nbsp; at alloxan-i<span id="cke_bm_726E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span>nduced D. mellitus in experimental animals was followed by regeneration of&nbsp; cells of Langerhans pancreatic islets. Extracts of&nbsp;<em> G.&nbsp;&nbsp; resinaceum&nbsp;</em> were allocated as a potential nephro- and&nbsp; hepatoprotective agents.<br />In summary, the overall biological potential of the analyzed species of the genus&nbsp; <em>Ganoderma</em>&nbsp; based on results for chemical and biological characterization indicate that they could be used&nbsp; as a nutraceuticals and food supplements in the future, with further the necessity of additional mycochemical investigation (especially terpenoids and polysaccharides) and other biological activity such as neuroprotective.</p>