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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of leaves of Chemotype I, II and III of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown. / AvaliaÃÃo das atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos Ãleos essenciais das folhas dos quimiotipos I, II e III de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown

AndrÃa Bessa Teixeira 31 August 2009 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The species Lippia alba (erva cidreira) is widely used in folk medicine. The composition of essential oil varies quantitative and qualitative, leading to the classification of different chemotypes. A rich pharmacological potential is related to the wide variation in chemical composition of these oils, which arouses the interest of researchers in establishing scientific explanations for such activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of chemotype I, II and III, leaves of L. alba, and to investigate their possible relationships with the chemical composition of their essential oils. The chemical characterization of constituents of essential oils was performed using GC-MS by determining the percentage of constituents present in the samples. The antimicrobial activity of oils was determined by agar diffusion, and MIC and CLM methods by microdilution broth culture and plated on agar, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by measurement of TBARS and by determining the activity of removal of free radicals by DPPH. Essential oils from leaves of L. alba were recognized by the presence of its major constituents in chemotype I (citral-myrcene), chemotype II (citral-limonene) and chemotype III (carvone-limonene). The three essential oils showed activity against S. aureus, even resistant, and C. albicans. For Gram-negative bacteria, the three chemotypes present action on the A. lwoffi; the chemotypes II and III inhibited the growth of A. baumannii, and only the chemotype II was that acted on E. coli ATCC 10536. The lowest MIC obtained for CLM and essential oils of chemotypes I, II and III were 0,312 and 0,625mg/mL, 0,312 and 0,312mg/mL and 0,625 and 0,625mg/mL, respectively. The diffusion technique in agar served as a preliminary step in determining the antimicrobial activity and MIC determination by broth dilution accompanied by reading of optical densities of cultures showed absorbance values similar to the positive control group by a certain concentration and then increased indicating a higher microbial growth. Three chemotypes of OELA reduced lipid peroxidation induced in the hippocampus and brain of rats, but showed no scavenging activity of free radicals measured by the DPPH test. Thus, the results suggest that essential oils of chemotype I, II and III of L. alba, have excellent antimicrobial activity, especially on S. aureus and C. albicans, whereas the diffusion method is an excellent screening method, the dilution method, by visual inspection and reading of absorbance, in addition to determine the MIC, the CLM and evaluate the kinetics of inhibition of microbial growth, the antioxidant potential shown OELA by the hippocampus and cortex of rats makes these products a potential pharmacological tool in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, however, for that additional studies are needed, and that differences in the composition of the oil is a factor to be considered important in studies pharmacological. / A espÃcie Lippia alba (erva-cidreira) à muito usada na medicina popular. A composiÃÃo de seu Ãleo essencial apresenta variaÃÃes quantitativas e qualitativas, levando à classificaÃÃo de diferentes quimiotipos. Um rico potencial farmacolÃgico està relacionado à ampla variaÃÃo na composiÃÃo quÃmica desses Ãleos, o que desperta o interesse de pesquisadores em estabelecer explicaÃÃes cientÃficas para tais atividades. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos Ãleos essenciais dos quimiotipo I, II e III, de folhas, de L. alba, bem como investigar suas possÃveis relaÃÃes com a composiÃÃo quÃmica de seus Ãleos essenciais. A caracterizaÃÃo quÃmica dos constituintes dos Ãleos essenciais foi realizada utilizando a CG-MS, determinando-se a porcentagem dos constituintes presentes nas amostras. O potencial antimicrobiano dos Ãleos foi determinado pelo mÃtodo de difusÃo em Ãgar, e as CIM e CLM pelos mÃtodos da microdiluiÃÃo em caldo de cultura e do plaqueamento em Ãgar, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela dosagem de TBARS e pela determinaÃÃo da atividade de remoÃÃo de radicais livres pelo DPPH. Os Ãleos essenciais das folhas de L. alba foram reconhecidos pela presenÃa de seus constituintes majoritÃrios em quimiotipo I (citral-mirceno); quimiotipo II (citral-limoneno) e quimiotipo III (carvona-limoneno). Os trÃs Ãleos essenciais apresentaram atividade sobre S. aureus, mesmo as multirresistentes, e C. albicans. Para as bactÃrias Gram-negativas, os trÃs quimiotipos apresentaram aÃÃo sobre o A. lwoffi; os quimiotipos II e III inibiram o crescimento do A. baumannii; e apenas o quimiotipo II foi que teve aÃÃo sobre E. coli ATCC 10536. As mais baixas CIM e CLM obtidas para os Ãleos essenciais dos quimiotipos I, II e III, foram de 0,312 e 0,625mg/mL, 0,312 e 0,312mg/mL e 0,625 e 0,625mg/mL, respectivamente. A tÃcnica de difusÃo em Ãgar serviu como uma etapa preliminar na determinaÃÃo do potencial antimicrobiano e a determinaÃÃo da CIM por diluiÃÃo em caldo acompanhada de leitura das densidades Ãticas das culturas, mostrou valores de absorbÃncias semelhantes ao grupo controle positivo atà uma determinada concentraÃÃo e entÃo aumentaram, indicando um maior crescimento microbiano. Os trÃs quimiotipos do OELA reduziram a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica induzida no hipocampo e cÃrebro de ratos, contudo nÃo apresentaram atividade seqÃestradora de radicais livres mensuradas atravÃs do teste do DPPH. Assim, os resultados sugerem que os Ãleos essenciais dos quimiotipo I, II e III de L. alba, possuem excelente atividade antimicrobiana, principalmente sobre S.aureus e C. albicans; que o mÃtodo de difusÃo à um excelente mÃtodo de triagem; que o mÃtodo da diluiÃÃo, por inspeÃÃo visual e leitura de absorbÃncia, permite determinar alem da CIM, a CLM e avaliar a cinÃtica de inibiÃÃo de crescimento microbiano; o potencial antioxidante mostrado pelo OELA no hipocampo e cÃrtex de rato, torna esses produtos uma ferramenta farmacolÃgica em potencial no tratamento de doenÃas neurodegenerativas, contudo, para isso estudos adicionais sÃo necessÃrios; e que as diferenÃas na composiÃÃo do Ãleo à um fator que deve ser considerado importante nos estudos farmacolÃgicos.
2

Studium antimikrobiálních látek zázvoru / Study of antimicrobial substances of ginger

Ciburová, Alena January 2019 (has links)
For thousands of years ginger rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Because of his significant pungent flavour is commonly used in foods and beverages all over the world. Nowadays many of the beneficial pharmacological positive effects of ginger rhizomes are identified. Their occurrence is due to the high concentration of bioactive compounds. This thesis is focused on analysing of occurrence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids and their influence on antioxidation and antimicrobial properties of samples of fresh and dried ginger. The results show that for extraction of bioactive compounds in different ginger samples is more suitable to use different types of extraction solvents. The highest antioxidation activity was measured for macerate of 100% bio ginger tea from Sonnentor company in 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial properties were showed only for 100% bio ginger tea against gram-positive bacteria Microccocus luteus.
3

Synthesis and evaluation of selected benzimidazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents : an investigation into the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles and their evaluation in vitro for antimicrobial activity

Alasmary, Fatmah Ali Saeed January 2013 (has links)
Microbe resistence is a serious issue, especially as they have become resistant to most well known drugs. Therefore this is considered as a global problem and is now dealt with at a poitical level. Since no new classes of antimicrobial agents have been discovered in the past three deacdes, the development of new drugs is extremely urgent. Therefore the aim of this project was to synthesise derivatives of benzimidazole, and then assesses their antimicrobial activities in vitro by using disc (well) diffusion and MICs tests. A total of 69 benzimidazole derivatives, with substituents at positions 1, 2, and 5, were synthesised, characterised and tested against selected bacteria and fungi. In addition, six bezimidazole silver complexes were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial behavior. The SAR showed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds depended on the substituents attached to the bicyclic heterocycle. Some promising results were obtained. In particular, 5 compounds displayed antibacterial activity against two MRSA strains with MIC values corresponding to ciprofloxacin, which can be considered significant. The compounds have some common features; four possess 5-chloro or 5-bromo substituents; two are derivatives of (S)-2- ethanaminebenzimidazole and the others are derivative of one 2-(chloromethyl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole, (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanethiol and 2-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The results from the antifungal screening were very interesting as there were 26 compounds, including two silver complexes, which were potent fungicides against the selected fungal species. They showed equivalent or greater potentency in their MIC values than amphotericin B. In particular, the 5-fluoro, 5-chloro and 5-bromo benzimidazole showed broad spectrum activity.
4

Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação das atividades antimicrobianas e antiparasitárias dos flavonóides isolados de Myrcia hiemalis (Myrtaceae).

Silva, Paulo Daniel January 2007 (has links)
Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T13:09:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo Silva P2.pdf: 7012001 bytes, checksum: ac02584f36ed9b11322782dedd7f3d27 (MD5) Paulo Silva P1.pdf: 6123162 bytes, checksum: 481a802fdab0d1220341da009f60cb4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T13:09:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo Silva P2.pdf: 7012001 bytes, checksum: ac02584f36ed9b11322782dedd7f3d27 (MD5) Paulo Silva P1.pdf: 6123162 bytes, checksum: 481a802fdab0d1220341da009f60cb4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O presente trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico da fase em diclorometano dos componentes fixos das folhas de Myrcia hiemalis, bem como os ensaios biológicos realizados com o extrato etanólico, fases em diclorometano e hexano e substâncias isoladas. A espécie M. hiemalis está sendo estudada quimicamente pela primeira vez. Do estudo fitoquímico da fase em diclorometano das folhas de Myrcia hiemalis foram isolados e identificados sete componentes não-voláteis: miricitrina, daucosterol, 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona, 2?,6?-diidróxi-3?-metil-4?-metóxichal-cona, 2?,3?,4?-diidróxi-5?-metil-6?-metóxichalcona, 7-hidróxi-6,8-dimetil-5-metóxi-flavanona e 5,7-diidróxi-6,8-dimetilflavanona. As estruturas das substâncias foram determinadas através das análises de diversas técnicas de RMN de 1H e 13C. Foram realizados testes antimicrobianos utilizando a técnica de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) com os microorganismos: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus,Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, choleraesuis, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Candida albicans e Crinipellis perniciosa. A fase em diclorometano apresentou atividade contra as bactérias Gram-positivas testadas e contra o fungo Crinipellis perniciosa. Das substâncias isoladas, apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana a 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona contra Micrococcus luteus e a 7-hidróxi-6,8-dimetil-5-metóxiflavanona contra Bacillus subtilis e Micrococcus luteus.Testes anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e anti-Leishmania amazonensis foram realizados com substâncias isoladas utilizando a técnica desenvolvida pela FIOCRUZ, sendo que a 2?,4?-diidróxi-3?,5?-dimetil-6?-metóxichalcona apresentou atividade contra os parasitos (anti-T. cruzi: IC50 13,12 mM; anti-L. amazonensis: 100% inibição a 50 mM) e a 2?,6?-diidróxi-3?-metil-4?-metóxichalcona apresentou atividade contra T. cruzi (IC50 35,95 mM). / Salvador
5

Studium biologicky aktivních látek fenyklu / Study of bioactive compounds of fennel

Mierna, Jana January 2018 (has links)
The master´s thesis is focused on the study of biologically active compounds of fennel. The theoretical part describes basic characteristics of fennel and its chemical composition, further specifies plant´s biological active substances and antioxidants, also describes extraction techniques for obtaining these bioactive compounds, methods of their determination and verification of antimicrobial effect. In the experimental part were spectrophotometrically determined contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the prepared extracts of fennel tea, whole and crush spice. On the basis of extraction curves, antioxidant activity and potential antimicrobial activity against the selected microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens a Micrococcus luteus was determined in the samples with the highest values of the given bioactive substances. Among the all monitored extracts, the inhibitory effect was showed only by an aqueous extract of the fennel tea against the bacterial strain of Micrococcus luteus.
6

Funkcionalne karakteristike fermentisanog čajnog napitka obogaćenog CoffeBerry®-jem / Functional characteristics of the fermented tea beverage enriched with CoffeBerry®

Ahmed Essawet Najmi 30 September 2016 (has links)
<p>Cilj ispitivanja čiji su rezultati prikazani u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji bio<br />je da se ispita mogućnost dobijanja kombuha napitka od/sa CoffeeBerry&reg;<br />ekstraktom i da se ispitaju njegove funkcionalne karakteristike.<br />CoffeeBerry&reg; ekstrakt kao bogat izvor biolo&scaron;ki aktivnih jedinjenja bi<br />obezbedio dodatne funkcionalne karakteristike kombuha napitku u<br />poređenju sa onim pripremljenim na tradicionalan način od zaslađenog<br />crnog čaja. U disertaciji je nakon optimizacije sastava podloge za<br />kultivaciju čajne gljive ispitana (in vitro) antioksidativna, antimikrobna i<br />citotoksična aktivnost kombuhe/fermentacione tečnosti obogaćene<br />CoffeeBerry&reg; ekstraktom. Antioksidativna aktivnost je ispitana ESR<br />(elektron-spin rezonantnom) spektroskopijom na reaktivne hidroksil i<br />stabilne DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) radikale, kao i kvalitativni i<br />kvantitativni sastav fenolnih jedinjenja, potencijalnih nosilaca biolo&scaron;ke<br />aktivnosti (HPLC metodom). Antimikrobna aktivnost je ispitana agardifuzionom<br />metodom na odabrane referentne i izolovane (&bdquo;divlje&ldquo;)<br />sojeve bakterija (Gram-pozitivnih i Gram-negativnih) i kvasaca.<br />Citotoksična aktivnost uzoraka na rast odabranih ćelijskih linija: Hep2c<br />(Human larynx carcinom), RD (Rhabdomyosarcoma) i L2OB (mi&scaron;ija<br />tumorska fibrolastna linija u koju su transfektovani neki humani geni)<br />ispitana je MTT testom. U navedenim ispitivanjima je tradicionalna<br />kombuha dobijena od zaslađenog crnog čaja kori&scaron;ćena kao kontrolni<br />uzorak. Rezultati su pokazali da CoffeeBerry&reg; ekstrakt značajno<br />doprinosi antioksidativnoj i citotoksičnoj aktivnosti napitka &scaron;to govori o<br />punoj opravdanosti upotrebe ovog ekstrakta kao funkcionalnog dodatka<br />podlozi za kultivaciju čajne gljive. Kombuha napici od crnog čaja i sa<br />dodatkom CoffeeBerry&reg; ekstrakta pokazali su približno isto delovanje na<br />bakterijske sojeve, dok je delovanje na kvasce izostalo u potpunosti.<br />Primarni nosilac antibakterijske aktivnosti napitaka je sirćetna kiselina.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to investigate fermentation of sweetened<br />medium prepared with CoffeeBerry&reg; еxtract and functional<br />characteristics of a kombucha beverage enriched with CoffeeBerry&reg;<br />еxtract. Total phenol concentration in unfermented samples,<br />fermentation broths and kombucha beverages made of CoffeeBerry&reg;<br />еxtract and black tea was determined spectrophotometrically whereas<br />qualitative and quantitative concentration of polyphenolic compounds<br />was determined by HPLC method. Antioxidant activity on DPPH and<br />hydroxyl radicals in the same samples was determined on an ESR<br />spectrometer. Fermentation broth and kombucha beverage enriched with<br />CoffeeBerry&reg; еxtract had higher antioxidant activity against both<br />radicals than control samples. Antimicrobial activity of kombucha<br />beverages optimal acidity was tested against selected strains of bacteria<br />(Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and yeast. The main active<br />component of antibacterial activity was acetic acid, but samples did not<br />show any activity against yeast Candida albicans and Saccharomyces<br />cerevisiae. Antiproliferative activity of fermentation broth with and<br />without CoffeeBerry&reg; еxtract was measured by MTT test on following<br />cell lines: Hep2c (Human larynx carcinom), RD (Rhabdomyosarcoma) i<br />L2OB (murine tumor fibrolast lines trаnsfеcted by some human genes).<br />The highest antiproliferative activity shown fermentation broth enriched<br />with CoffeeBerry&reg; еxtract, wherein Hep2c cells was the most<br />susceptible.</p>
7

Atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimáticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri)

Silva, Carolina Moroni January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Raquel Vergara Gondran (raquelvergara38@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-27T00:16:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina moroni - atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina micropogonias furnieri.pdf: 1099496 bytes, checksum: f4121ee0cb5558274a8aa510dfe92eaf (MD5) / Rejected by Gilmar Barros (gilmargomesdebarros@gmail.com), reason: - Corrigir a citação: o artigo tem 80 f., e não 82 f. (sempre olhar o número de folhas pela ficha catalográfica, só quando não houver ficha catalográfica é que se deve olhar o que informa o Adobe Acrobat). - Está faltando uma palavra-chave e há outras que estão escritas de forma incorreta. on 2016-04-27T12:39:43Z (GMT) / Submitted by Raquel Vergara Gondran (raquelvergara38@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T18:00:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina moroni - atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina micropogonias furnieri.pdf: 1099496 bytes, checksum: f4121ee0cb5558274a8aa510dfe92eaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-29T19:37:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina moroni - atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina micropogonias furnieri.pdf: 1099496 bytes, checksum: f4121ee0cb5558274a8aa510dfe92eaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T19:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina moroni - atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana apresentada por hidrolisados enzimticos obtidos de subprodutos da corvina micropogonias furnieri.pdf: 1099496 bytes, checksum: f4121ee0cb5558274a8aa510dfe92eaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) é a principal espécie processada pelas indústrias de Rio Grande, na Região sul do Brasil. Desse processamento é descartado e ou subutilizada grande quantidade de subprodutos (carcaça, pele, vísceras), se tornando necessário encontrar meios de aproveitamento dessa matéria, uma vez que estes subprodutos apresentam uma quantidade valiosa de proteínas. Um método eficiente para o aproveitamento destas proteínas é a hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de peptídeos bioativos. Maior atenção tem se concentrado sobre peptídeos com atividades antioxidantes devido aos radicais livres que são gerados pela oxidação, um processo vital em todos os organismos vivos, sendo que estes radicais estão relacionados com muitas doenças tais como: doenças do coração, arteriosclerose e câncer e sobre atividade antimicrobiana (PAM), devido aos PAM apresentarem uma atividade microbicida rápida e potente contra inúmeros micro-organismos. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter peptídeos bioativos, a partir de um processo de hidrólise enzimática, utilizando como substratos o isolado proteico obtido da carne mecanicamente separada de corvina (IP) e ossos de corvina (OC). A reação de hidólise ocorreu em banho termostatizado, utilizando três enzimas em separado: Alcalase (pH 8,0 e 50 °C), Flavourzyme (pH 7,0; 50 °C) e Protamex (pH 7,0; 40 °C). A concentração de enzima e substrato proteico foi de 1:10(U/g) segundo a atividade específica de cada uma (Alcalase 99,75 U/g, Flavourzyme 2,07 U/g e Protamex 8,41 U/g), quando o processo de hidrólise se tornou constante a reação foi interrompida pela inativação da enzima à 90°C/10 min. Foi então realizado o fracionamento dos peptídeos pelo método de ultrafiltração, nas fraçõe maiores que 3 kDa foram avaliadas as atividades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, sendo que a fração obtida dos OD, utilizando a enzima Protamex apresentou atividade antioxidante, onde em concentrações de 1,0 mg/mL, pode se observar uma diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio no interior da células de hepatócitos de Zebrafish. A fração obtida do IP utilizando a Flavourzyme e a fração obtida dos OD utilizando a Alcalase apresentaram zona de inibição para a bactéria Salmonella Enteritidis, valores estes de 48,0 mm e 54,7 mm, respectivamente, já para a bactéria Staphylococcus coagulase positiva três frações apresentaram zona de inibição, uma obtida do IP utilizando a Alcalase e duas dos OD uma utilizando a Alcalase e outra a Protamex, com zona de inibição de 37,3, 32,7 mm e 69,3 mm, respectivamente. Com esses resultados pode-se concluir que os subprodutos da corvina, podem ser uma fonte de peptídeos bioativos, a fim de avaliar a incorporação destes em alimentos funcionais. / Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is the main specie processed by Rio Grande industries in southerv Brazil. From this processing, a large amount of byproducts (carcasses, skin, offal) are discarded, making it necessary to find means to use this material. Since these byproducts have a number of valuable proteins. An efficient method for the utilization of these proteins is the enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain bioactive peptides. Increased attention has focused on antioxidant activity due to oxidation, which is a vital process in all live organisms, and its effect generates free radicals which are linked to many diseases such as heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer and has on antimicrobial ativicty, due since these have a rapid and powerful microbicidal activity against numerous micro-organisms. Thus the aim of this study was to obtain bioactive peptides from a process of enzymatic hydrolysis, using the protein isolate obtained from meat that is mechanically separated from croaker (PI) and croaker bones (CB) as substrates. The hydrolysis reaction occurred in a thermostated bath using three separate: Alcalase (pH 8.0, 50 °C), Flavourzyme (pH 7.0, 50 °C) and Protamex (pH 7.0, 40 °C), the enzyme concentration and protein substrate was 1:10 (U/g) according to each specific activity (Alcalase 99.75 U/g, Flavourzyme 2.07 U/g and Protamex 8.41 U/g) and when the hydrolysis process became constant, the reaction was stopped by inactivating the enzyme at 90 °C/10 min. It was then held fractionation of peptides by ultrafiltration method, the 3 kDa larger than fraçõe antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated, and the fraction obtained from the OD Protamex using the enzyme showed antioxidant activity, and at concentrations of 1.0 mg / mL, can observe a reduction of reactive oxygen species inside the cells of zebrafish hepatocytes. The fraction obtained using the IP Flavourzyme and the fraction of OD obtained using Alcalase showed zone of inhibition for Salmonella Enteritidis, values of 48.0 mm and 54.7 mm, respectively, while for the bacteria Staphylococcus coagulase positive three fractions exhibited zone of inhibition obtained from one IP using Alcalase one and two of OD using Alcalase and another Protamex with inhibition zone 37.3, 32.7 mm and 69.3 mm, respectively. With these results it can be concluded that the products of croaker, can be a source of bioactive peptides to assess their incorporation into functional foods.
8

BIOPROSPECÇÃO DAS FOLHAS, CASCA E LÁTEX DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Himatanthus drasticus (JANAÚBA) / Bioprospecting LEAVES, BARK AND LATEX VEGETABLE KIND Himatanthus drasticus (Frangipani)

Coutinho, Gizelli Santos Lourenço 10 June 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISERTACAO_GIZELI SANTOS LOURENCO COUTINHO.pdf: 2757714 bytes, checksum: bc543fd210466bf4c5a1fd09ff430d3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Himatanthus drasticus (janaúba) is a tree with dense foliage at the ends of branches, oblique and ovals leaves, subcoriaceous, shiny, glabrous, dark green, with apex rounded to obtuse, short petioles and rough bark that exudes a white latex widely used in popular medicine in treatment of tumors, worms, gastritis, arthritis, infertility and also cancer. Therefore, this study aims to do an ethnopharmacological survey, determine the phytochemical and metal compositions, and to evaluate the antioxidant and microbiological activity of the hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves, bark and latex of the plant species Himatanthus drasticus. Qualitative tests were conducted for detection of secondary metabolites, and mineral detection was performed by atomic absorption (ICP-OES technique). In relation to the antioxidant activity was used in vitro method with DPPH and for antimicrobial activity have been used standard strains (ATCC) of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalacicus), gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) and yeasts of Candida gender (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicallis, C.glabrata) through tests in diffusion in the solid and in agar diffusion, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Regarding the popular use in Maranhão is indicated for: inflammation, inflammation on uterus, gastritis, ulcers, blood cleanser, prostate, cancer, as restorative and against infertility. Were found in the leaves of Himatanthus drasticus flavonoides, condensed tannins, alkaloids, steroid free, triterpenes, saponins, resins, coumarins. In barks, were found strongly positive results for anthocyanins, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. In the bark and latex were detected the presence of steroids and triterpenoids. Still in the bark was found a great percentage of calcium, potassium and magnesium, in the latex was observed higher percentage of calcium, magnesium and in the leaves the predominance of minerals like calcium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark and leaves of H. drasticus showed significant antioxidant activity with EC50% 27.8848 9g / mL and CE50 of 31.62 9g / mL, respectively. In vitro testing was observed inhibition of growth of the tested strains with hydroalcoholic extract from the bark and leaves of H. drasticus, but the latex was inactive. Only the latex has caused cell death in the title 1:16 in carcinoma larynx cell (HEP-2) and 1:8 in uterine carcinoma cell (Hela). Therefore, further studies should be conducted to better scientific understanding of the species H. drasticus / Himatanthus drasticus (janaúba) é uma árvore com folhagem densa nas extremidades dos ramos, folhas obovais, ubcoriáceas, brilhantes, glabras, verde escuro, com ápice arredondado a obtuso, pecíolos curtos e casca rugosa que exsuda um látex branco bastante utilizado na medicina popular no tratamento de tumores, verminoses, gastrites, artrites, infertilidade e também contra o câncer. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento etnofarmacológico da utilização da espécie vegetal pela população ludovicense, determinar a composição fitoquímica e de metais, além de avaliar a atividade antioxidante e microbiológica do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas, casca e látex da espécie vegetal H. drasticus. Realizaram-se testes qualitativos para detecção de metabólitos secundários e a detecção de minerais foi realizada por absorção atômica (técnica ICP-OES). Em relação à atividade antioxidante utilizou-se o método in vitro com DPPH e para a atividade antimicrobiana foram utilizadas cepas padrão (ATCC) de bactérias gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, treptococcus agalacicus), gramnegativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) e leveduras do gênero Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicallis, C.glabrata) através de testes em difusão no meio sólido e difusão em ágar, determinando-se a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e citotoxicidade. Em relação ao uso popular no Maranhão H. drasticus é indicada para: inflamação, inflamação do útero, gastrite, úlceras, depurativo do sangue, próstata, câncer, fortificante e contra infertilidade. Foram encontrados nas folhas de Himatanthus drasticus flavonoides, taninos condensados, alcaloides, esteroides livre, triterpenos, saponinas, resinas, cumarinas. Nas cascas, encontrou-se resultados fortemente positivo para antocianinas, antocianidinas e flavonoides. Tanto na casca quanto no látex foram detectados a presença de esteroides e triterpenóides. Foi encontrado ainda na casca um percentual bastante acentuado de cálcio, potássio e magnésio, no látex se observou maior percentual de cálcio, magnésio e nas folhas a predominância de minerais do tipo cálcio, potássio, fósforo e magnésio. O extrato hidroalcoólico das cascas e folhas de H. drasticus apresentou significativa atividade antioxidante com CE50% 27,8848 Pg/mL e CE50 de 31,62 Pg/mL, espectivamente. No teste in vitro foi observada a inibição de crescimento das cepas testadas com extrato hidroalcoólico das cascas e folhas de H. drasticus, porém o látex não apresentou atividade. Apenas o látex causou morte celular no titulo 1:16 na célula de carcinoma de laringe (HEP-2) e 1:8 na célula de carcinoma uterino (Hela). Por isso, novos estudos devem ser realizados para melhor conhecimento científico da espécie H. drasticus.
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Funkcionalne i antioksidativne osobine tropa cvekle (Beta vulgaris) / Functional and antioxidant characteristics of beetroot pomace (Beta vulgaris)

Vulić Jelena 04 September 2012 (has links)
<p>Etanolni ekstrakti tropa odabranih sorti cvekle (Detroit, Cardeal-F1, Egipatska, Bikor i Kestrel) preči&scaron;ćeni su primenom ekstrakcije na čvrstoj fazi (SPE). Sadržaj ukupnih<br />fenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida i betalaina u preči&scaron;ćenim ekstraktima određeni su spektrofotometrijskim metodama. HPLC analizom utvrđen je kvalitativni i kvantitativni sastav fenolnih jedinjenja i betalaina ekstrakata tropa odabranih sorti cvekle. ESR spektroskopijom ispitana je antiradikalska aktivnost ekstrakata topa cvekle na stabilne DPPH i reaktivne superoksid anjon i hidroksil radikale.<br />Spektrofotometrijski je određena antioksidativna aktivnost na DPPH radikale i redukciona sposobnost po Oyaizu u ekstraktima odabranih sorti cvekle. Ispitana je in vitro<br />antiproliferativna aktivnost frakcija ekstrakata, njihovim delovanjem na rast tri histolo&scaron;ki različite humane ćelijske linije: MCF-7 (adenokarcinom dojke), HeLa (epitelni karcinom cerviksa)i MRC-5 (fetalni fibroblastni karcinom pluća). U zavr&scaron;noj fazi rada određena je antimikrobna aktivnost ekstrakata tropa odabranih sorti cvekle.</p> / <p> Beetroot (Detroit, Cardeal-F1, Egipatska, Bikor i Kestrel)<br /> pomace ethanol extracts were purified using solid phase<br /> extraction (SPE). Contents of total phenols, flavonoids and<br /> betalains in purified extracts were determined by spectrophotometric<br /> methods. HPLC analysis were used for quantitative<br /> and qualitative characterization of phenolic compounds<br /> and betalains in investigated extracts. ESR spectroscopy<br /> was used for investigation of antiradical activity of<br /> beetroot pomace extracts on stable DPPH and reactive<br /> superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Antioxidant activity<br /> was determined spectrophotometrically on DPPH radicals<br /> and reducing power according to Oyaizu in the beetroot pomace<br /> extracts. Antiproliferative activity of investigated extracts<br /> was determined in vitro, testing their influence on the<br /> growth of three histologically different human cell lines:<br /> MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervix epithelioid<br /> carcinoma) and MRC-5 (fetal lung). Also, antimicrobial activity<br /> of beetroot pomace extracts was determined.</p>
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Biopotencijal i hemijska karakterizacija ekstrakata i etarskih ulja vrsta roda Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae). / Biopotential and chemical characterization of extracts and essential oils of species from Juniperus L. genus (Cupressaceae).

Lesjak Marija 23 November 2011 (has links)
<p>Karakterizacija metanolnih ekstrakata i etarskih ulja iglica i &scaron;i&scaron;arki osam vrsta samoniklih kleka (rod Juniperus L.) obuhvatala je fitohemijski skrining i ispitivanje antioksidantne, antiinflamatorne i antimikrobne aktivnosti. Primenom LC-MS/MS i GC-MS tehnike detektovan i odreĎen je sadržaj fenolnih i terpenoidnih sekundarnih biomolekula. Antioksidantna aktivnost ekstrakata i etarskih ulja (sposobnost neutralizacije slobodnih radikala, redukcioni potencijal i inhibicija lipidne peroksidacije) ispitana je primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda. U cilju odreĎivanja antiinflamatornog potencijala, primenjena je ex vivo metoda za praćenje aktivnosti trombocitne ciklooksigenaze-1 i 12-lipoksigenaze. Antimikrobna aktivnost etarskih ulja odreĎena je na &scaron;est odabranih bakterijskih sojeva. Ispitani ekstrakti i etarska ulja pokazali su značajnu biolo&scaron;ku aktivnost.</p> / <p> Characterization of methanol extracts and essential oils of eight Juniperus L. species included phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The presence and content of phenolics and terpenoids was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity of extracts and essential oils (radical scavenger capacity, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) was examined by spectrophotometric methods. With the intention to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, an ex vivo method was applied to measure activity of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to six bacterial strains. Examined extracts and essential oils showed noticeable biological activity.</p>

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