The history of heroin use disorder intervention has been characterised by fads and fashions. Some of the treatments that have been used have been, at best ineffective, and at worst harmful, and occasionally even dangerous. It is a sad reflection upon the field that practices and procedures for the treatment of heroin use disorders can so easily be introduced and applied without (or even contrary to) evidence. In South Africa, the field of heroin use disorder intervention has been `in transition' since the outbreak of the heroin epidemic. Yet despite growing evidence of an association between heroin dependents use of supplementary intervention services (such as psychosocial and pharmacological/medical care) and intervention outcomes, and the fact that international emerging standards for substance use disorder intervention have called upon treatment intervention providers to enhance traditional substance use disorder services with services that address clients' psychological and social needs, heroin use disorder intervention programmes in South Africa generally fail to meet these research-based intervention standards. Much of what is currently delivered as intervention is based upon current best guesses of how to combine some science-based (for example, cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapies) and self-help (12-step programmes) approaches into optimal intervention protocols. As progression is made in the twenty-first century, scientific information is now beginning to be used to guide the evolution and delivery of heroin use disorder care internationally. Regrettably, a scarcity of heroin use disorder intervention research is noted in South Africa. The present study delved into the insights of ten heroin use disorder specialists, and synthesised the findings with the results of a previous study undertaken by the author relating to forty long-term voluntarily abstinent heroin dependents. In terms of theory and practice, findings of the study suggest that the field is less in transition now than it was in 1995. It is an imperative that law-enforcement action be followed by an integrated programme of psychological, social and pharmacological outreach. These programmes will have to be expanded to address new demands and will need to include specialised skills training. Many interventions and procedures have begun to be integrated routinely into clinical practice. / Psychology / (D. Phil. (Psychology))

順應智慧型手機及隨身智慧裝置的普及，人人天天滑手機、對美食拍照、分享社群網站，成為儀式般的全民運動，亦是時下最夯的社會景象。本研究主要描繪影像食物戀者，透過拍攝美食上傳分享的行為，在社群媒介下演進的樣貌。 本研究將依據Meyrowitz媒介情境論及布迪厄資本理論，並透過文本分析法，直接以研究對象過去的美食分享文作分析內容，再以深度訪談法結果為依據，並與文本分析的社群內容作比對，瞭解影像食物戀者的行為演進現象觀察。最後以民族誌參與觀察法，實際驗證研究對象在餐廳用餐時的行為動作記錄，並與深度訪談結果作深度觀察交叉分析。 研究發現，影像食物戀者拍照分享的行為可分為兩大階段、六個歷程，包括基礎演進階段的記錄、分享、學習；以及進階階段的炫耀分享、美食意見領袖及形成自媒體。透過社群媒介的展演，影像食物戀者藉由美食圖文故事的包裝，持續依據自身品味資本在社群上傳播，達到提升個人獨特性及品味層次的目的。 關鍵詞：影像食物戀、媒介情境論、自媒體、社群傳播 / Nowadays, corresponding to the widespread of smartphones and mobile devices, the most popular scenes are that people keep on sliding and checking their mobile phones, taking pictures of fine food, and sharing them in social media communities, which has become a viral phenomenon. This research is based on the Medium Theory by Joshua Meyrowitz and Social Capital Theory by Pierre Bourdieu, in order to understand the behavior evolution of “food shooting addicts,” persons who love to take fine food pictures and upload them to social media communities. Its methodologies include content analysis, in-depth interview, and ethnographic participation and observation. The study finds that there are two stages and six phases in the behavior evolution of food shooting addicts. Primary stage includes: record, share and learn. Advanced stage includes: show-off, becoming opinion leaders and “we media” of fine food. Through their presentation in social media, packaged by beautiful fine food pictures and related stories, food shooting addicts build up their taste capital and achieve the goal of raising up their uniqueness and taste. Keywords: Food Shooting Addicts, Medium Theory, We Media, Social Media Communication

Heroin addicts are often misunderstood and stigmatised. The aim of this investigation was to provide the reader with a description of the life world of heroin addicts who seem unable to recover from their addiction. The phenomenological method was used in order to achieve the aim of this study. Themes which emerged were that heroin traps the addicts in a paradox - creating meaning for them and robbing them of it at the same time. They develop a personal love relationship with the heroin, which turns into an abusive relationship. Recovery holds no guarantees as the addicts experience the process of recovery as a never ending cycle. This study highlights the value of the phenomenological method in describing the life world of the heroin addict undergoing treatment. Recommendations are made which may be of value to the professional working with the heroin addict. / Social Work / M.A.(Social Science (Mental Health))

The purpose of the research, which shaped the research question, was exploring the social construction of cultural stories of substance abuse and the difference that God-stories can make in these circumstances. The research is about the difference that the positioning of the self in the biblical and Christ-stories, the stories of faith, can make in the construction of self-stories in the context of substance abuse. This study thus studied the social construction of self-stories embedded in God-stories in the context of a short-term rehabilitation programme for addiction. I had conversations with 12 participants in Ramot, a rehabilitation centre for alcohol and drug addiction in Parow, Cape Town in the year 2005. A narrative approach was followed, because it is particularly suited to exploring the interaction between stories of identity or self-stories, stories of faith or God-stories, and stories of the struggle with substance abuse. The concept of stories opens up issues and ideas that initially seem to be fixed „realities‟ to change, as alternative meanings can be applied and stories can be told differently in different contexts. This approach therefore correlates with people‟s lived experience. Stories as texts are constitutive of our worlds, but are open to re-visioning and editing. With regard to problematic stories, hope can thus be performed in telling stories differently (recognising different contexts) or in telling different stories (previously marginalised texts). The main body of the research is a theoretical consideration of the way self-stories, God-stories and the stories of a struggle with substance abuse are socially constructed. Particular attention is paid to the way in which self-stories are socially constructed, because that is the basis for the narrative approach adopted in the research. This includes the postmodern, social constructionist and poststructuralist emphasis on the discursive positioning of the self, with the alternative positionings that this makes possible. Religion/spirituality are explored as part of the narrative resources or context that contribute to the social construction of self-stories. For a believer, this relationship with God through biblical stories informs other relationships and influences the construction of the person‟s self-stories.This research report therefore also reflects a critical interaction between the contemporary situation in respect of the struggle with substance abuse and the stories of the Christian tradition for the sake of improved praxis by the faith community. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / D. Th.

of the thesis: Background: The theme of the drugs problem users - mothers are becoming more and more topical. The specificity of women's groups on the drug scene is given to the problems associated with pregnancy and motherhood , different biological factors compared to men. Expert advice for women and addressing issues that are associated with the feminine role is a must for professionals . The phenomenon of mothers - user is necessarily linked to the issue of child care and subsequent abstinence . Our professional and lay society has regarding pregnancy , treatment, abstinence and motivation of mothers who are drug addicts many prejudices and stereotypical behavior. So the question arises , how the fact of pregnancy users - mothers affects their drug use and subsequent motivation for abstinence and retention in treatment . The aim of this work is to determine whether the child is the motivation for abstinence and the role of drug use in pregnancy women. Methods: Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview , the respondents were clients aftercare program . For data analysis using elements of grounded theory. Results: Based on the statements of the respondents , it was found that even when the child is passive motivation for abstinence , responder treatment of 80 % successfully completed....

The Perpetual Motion Machine is a collection of creative nonfiction essays about the author and her brother as they have experienced growing up both together and then apart throughout the years of their lives. The essays deal with the pair’s childhood, adolescence and adulthood as well as the issues of depression, anxiety and drug addiction. Some pieces are flash-style and others are longer works of lyric essay or general narrative. The pieces can both stand alone and work to create a larger, substantial narrative on how drug addiction affects an entire family, one’s whole world, thus telling a story about how the author must find herself through investigating her brother’s trials and tribulations with addiction. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Aurelio Barberato Genghini.pdf: 1026318 bytes, checksum: 923ca2e78297b12ceebe879278b042d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-03 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / The present dissertation investigates on a constitutional bias and on citizenship promotion, the public policies that were developed for homeless crack dependent who stay on the drug use scenes in the Luz neighborhood, in the central part of São Paulo town and that is popularly known as Cracolândia. At first was held the legal status of homeless and drug dependent according to the Brazilian law. It was also studied the historical formation of the first crack use scenes in the neighborhood of Luz and government actions that followed, mainly in the 1990s and in the 2000s. Each public policy was researched in its details (especially the concepts of Operação Centro Legal compared to de Braços Abertos and Recomeço Program) and how there was a violation of human rights or the promotion of citizenship of homeless crack addicts. In a second step, keeping as a reference the research of Maria Paula Dallari Bucci, Gianpaolo Poggio Smanio, and Patricia Tuma Bertolin and with lenses into the legal grounds of public policies, the government actions were studied in its various institutional action plans (macro, meso and micro). At the end of this work, these same policies were also studied under the plan of its effectiveness and its results as well as its future prospects, always with a view to obtaining a diagnosis that could point improvement in it fundamentals in the cycle of public policy as a whole. / A presente dissertação busca investigar, sob um viés constitucional e de promoção da cidadania, as políticas públicas desenvolvidas para as pessoas em situação de rua dependentes de crack, que permanecem pelas cenas de uso da droga conhecida como crack no bairro da Luz, na região central da cidade de São Paulo e que é conhecida popularmente como Cracolândia. Em um primeiro momento, foi realizada a caracterização jurídica das pessoas em situação de rua e dos dependentes de drogas. Também foi estudada a formação histórica das primeiras cenas de uso do crack no bairro da Luz e as ações governamentais que se seguiram, principalmente na década de 1990 e nos anos 2000. Verificou-se detalhadamente cada política pública realizada (principalmente os conceitos da Operação Centro Legal em face do programa de Braços Abertos e do Programa Recomeço) e a forma como houve a violação ou a promoção da cidadania dos dependentes de crack em situação de rua. Em um segundo momento, mantendo como referenciais teóricos as pesquisas de Maria Paula Dallari Bucci, de Gianpaolo Poggio Smanio, de Patrícia Tuma Bertolin e com lentes no campo de pesquisa dos fundamentos jurídicos das políticas públicas, foi objeto de estudo o modo como se deram as ações governamentais, nos seus diversos planos de ação institucional (macro, meso e micro). Ao final do trabalho, essas mesmas políticas públicas ainda foram estudadas sob o ponto de vista de sua efetividade e seus resultados, além das suas perspectivas futuras, sempre com vistas à obtenção de um diagnóstico que pudesse apontar fundamentos de melhora no ciclo das políticas públicas como um todo para esta área.

Abstract                                                                            Ord: 14896     Title: My parent is an addict   A qualitative study about being a grown up child to addict parents.     Author: Johanna Lundgren     The purpose of the study was to investigate how adult daughters of addicts experienced their childhood and how they experienced being affected as children and adults. The study was based on a phenomenological approach and based its empirical data on semi-structured interviews with adult daughters of addicts. The main result showed growing up with several difficult events and the informants claim to have trust issues, a negative self-image or poor self-esteem and that they have taken unreasonable responsibility in relation to their age and situation. Problems in school are also highlighted by everyone in some form. An informant claimed to be a sober alcoholic and a use of other drugs had occurred among the informants. All informants themselves had been in relationships with addicts and all had some social involvement. The results were thematized and as an analysis tool Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and social learning theory were used. / Sammanfattning   Titel: Min förälder är en missbrukare   En kvalitativ studie om att vara ett vuxet barn till missbrukande föräldrar   Författare: Johanna Lundgren   Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur vuxna döttrar till missbrukare upplevt sin barndom samt hur de upplevde sig ha blivit påverkade som barn och vuxen. Studien utgick från en fenomenologisk ansats och baserade sin empiri på semistrukturerade intervjuer med vuxna döttrar till missbrukare. Det huvudsakliga resultatet påvisade uppväxter med flera svåra händelser och informanterna uppger sig ha tillitsproblem en negativ självbild eller dålig självkänsla, samt att de har tagit ett orimligt ansvar i förhållande till sin ålder och sin situation.  Problem i skolan belyses även av samtliga i någon form. En informant uppgav sig vara nykter alkoholist och en användning av andra droger hade förekommit bland informanterna. Samtliga informanter hade själva haft relationer till missbrukare och alla hade i någon mån ett socialt engagemang. Resultatet tematiserades och som analysverktyg användes Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori samt den sociala inlärningsteorin.

Statistics corroborate the substantial and deleterious impact of substance abuse to both client and client systems. Social workers are regularly exposed to clients who are directly or indirectly affected by substance abuse. A random survey of social workers working with Anglophone and Allophone populations on the island of Montreal was conducted to evaluate the workers perceived ability to recognize and respond to the needs of this client group. Links were drawn to the various ways in which social workers developed their knowledge about addiction and to the worker's formal social work education. The study demonstrates the inadequacy of the formal social work program to address the problem of substance abuse. The implications for schools of social work and the need to develop core curriculum as well as specializations in substance abuse are presented.

Thesis (MA(Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.