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Obtencao das ligas Al-Fe-X-Si (X = V ou Nb) por moagem de alta energia e extrusao a quenteCOELHO, RODRIGO E. 09 October 2014 (has links)
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07019.pdf: 8194512 bytes, checksum: 2e06aca4af1ce7ca845478381a7195b2 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Synthèse de motifs polydéoxypropionates par additions conjuguées asymétriques itératives / Synthesis of polydeoxypropionate motifs by iterative asymmetric conjugate additionsDrissi amraoui, Sammy 10 November 2016 (has links)
De nouvelles méthodologies en catalyse asymétrique au cuivre ont été développées. D’une part, une réaction d’addition conjuguée asymétrique 1,4 du diméthylzinc sur des acylimidazoles a,b-insaturés catalysée par un complexe cuivre-NHC a été mise au point, avec une excellente énantiosélectivité. Cette réaction a été étendue à des acylimidazoles a,b,g,d-insaturés : les produits d’addition 1,4 ont été obtenus de manière hautement régio- et énantio-sélective. Cette sélectivité originale (1,4 vs 1,6) a pu être rationnalisée par des calculs DFT. La transformation de la fonction acylimidazole a ensuite ouvert l’accès à un processus itératif d’additions conjuguées. Cette stratégie a conduit à la synthèse de motifs polydéoxypropionates : la versatilité de cette méthodologie a été illustrée grâce à la synthèse de motifs syn,syn et anti,anti avec une excellente diastéréosélectivité. Différentes applications en synthèse de produits naturels et bioactifs ont permis d’illustrer le potentiel de cette méthodologie. / New methodologies in asymmetric copper catalysis have been developed. First, a reaction of 1,4-asymmetric conjugate addition of dimethylzinc on a,b-unsaturated acylimidazoles catalysed by a copper-NHC complex has been developed, with an excellent enantioselectivity. This reaction has been extended to a,b,g,d-unsaturated acylimidazoles: 1,4-addition products have been obtained with high regio- and enantio-selectivity. This original selectivity (1,4 vs 1,6) has rationalized by DFT calculations. The transformation of the acylimidazole moiety led us to an iterative process of conjugate additions. This strategy has guided us towards the synthesis of polydeoxypropionate motifs: the versatility of the methodology has been illustrated via the synthesis of syn,syn and anti,anti motifs with high diastereoselectivities. Different applications in natural and bioactive product synthesis allowed us to illustrate the potential of this methodology.
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Surface and sensor studies of doped titanium dioxideDuncan, Morris January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Properties of magnetostrictive alloys at elevated temperaturesPrajapati, Kamlesh January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
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Complexlty [i.e Complexity] of space perception: richness of experience. / Complexity of space perception: richness of experience : one extension, two schoolsJanuary 2009 (has links)
Ng Yee Ki Yuki. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report." / Site context --- p.P.8 / Chapter - --- location / Chapter - --- existing school boundary / Chapter - --- existing plan / Design Strategy / Site design --- p.P.12 / Chapter - --- site organization / Chapter - --- new school boundary / Chapter - --- public space / Chapter - --- visual path / Chapter - --- movement and view / Extension design --- p.P.32 / Chapter - --- design concept / Chapter - --- structural idea / Chapter - --- layers of envelope / Chapter - --- visual path / Chapter - --- drawing / Chapter - --- movement and view / Design Process (study model) --- p.P.60
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Electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin filmsKhan, Rizwan Uddin Ahmad January 2001 (has links)
This thesis is concerned with the growth, electronic properties and modification of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films of a thickess range of 50-300 nm, which have been deposited using rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. These films may be subdivided into two types according to the electrode on which they are grown and the resulting film properties. These are polymer-like amorphous carbon or PAC, and diamond-like amorphous carbon or DAC. PAC possesses a wide optical band gap (2.7 eV), high resistivity (1014 - 10 15 Ocm) and low density of paramagnetic defects (~ 10 17 spins cm-3). The dominant current transport mechanism at room temperature has been observed to be hopping conduction at low electric fields and space-charge-limited current at high electric fields. The addition of nitrogen gas to the plasma to incorporate nitrogen within the film has been shown to move the Fermi level by 1 eV, towards midgap. A mechanism of doping due to the introduction of aromatic nitrogen-containing sites has been postulated. The boron, carbon and nitrogen ion implantation of PAC has resulted in the controllable increase in conductivity from 1015 to 106 O cm as a function of ion dose, from 2 x 1012 to 2 X 1016 ions cm-2. At low ion doses (up to 6 x 1014 ions cm-2) this occurs without any change in band gap; however, at higher doses the band gap collapses as a result of graphitisation. The dependence on the implant ion shows that it is possible to move the Fermi level towards the valence band with the implantation of boron, and towards midgap with the implantation of nitrogen. A hysteresis effect is observed at intermediate ion doses, which is attributed to the trapping of holes resulting in an increase in electron current. Implanting part of the thickness of the film at this ion dose has resulted in rectification, which has not previously been reported for this type of structure in amorphous carbon. DAC has been shown to possess a smaller band gap (0.7 eV), higher density of defects (~ 1020 spins cm-3) and lower resistivity (~ 1013 O cm) than PAC. The room-temperature current transport is governed by band-tail conduction at fields below 105 V cm-1, and the Poole-Frenkel effect at higher fields. The addition of nitrogen of up to 8 at. % has been observed to increase the band gap from 0.7 to 1.0 eV and therefore decrease the magnitude of the Poole-Frenkel conductivity. The Fermi level remains pinned at midgap, however. Therefore, it appears that PAC shows advantages over DAC in terms of future device applications.
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Finite element modelling of hot rolling of Al-3%Mg and the kinetics of static recrystallisationDauda, Tamba Achiama January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Small-angle neutron scattering from oxygen precipitates in silicon annealed at low temperaturesCheung, Jessica Y. January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Thermoelectric properties of Si-based two dimensional structuresAgan, Sedat January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Interactions physico-chimiques ions-matrice dans les bétons sains ou carbonatés : influence sur le transport ionique / Physical and chemical binding in carbonated and non-carbonated concretes : influence on the ion transportSaillio, Mickaël 10 May 2012 (has links)
La carbonatation atmosphérique et la pénétration des ions chlorures sont les principales causes du déclenchement de la corrosion des armatures dans les bétons armés. Chacun de ses mécanismes a fait l'objet de nombreuses études dans la bibliographie. Pourtant les études prenant en compte en même temps les deux types d'agression sont rares. Le couplage des deux phénomènes existe cependant. La carbonatation intervient en effet dans tout ouvrage dès le décoffrage et il suffit que cet ouvrage soit aussi par exemple situé à proximité d'eau de mer pour que les embruns apportent des ions chlorures dans le matériau. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de quantifier les différentes phases de la matrice cimentaire et ses capacités de fixation des ions chlorures par le biais d'isothermes d'interactions pour des matériaux sains et carbonatés. Ces isothermes d'interactions obtenues notamment par la méthode des équilibres ont permis de voir que les matrices partiellement ou totalement carbonatées fixaient moins d'ions chlorures que les matrices saines. L'utilisation de moyens complémentaires d'analyses tels que l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), la diffraction des rayons X (DRX) et la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) a permis de mieux comprendre cette perte de fixation. Une diminution des sels de Friedel et des chlorures fixés par les C-S-H a été ainsi mise en évidence dans les matériaux carbonatés. Ces diminutions qui on été quantifiées sont attribuées à une modification sous carbonatation des phases capables de fixer les ions chlorures (phases aluminates, sulfo-aluminates et C-S-H). Des différences au niveau du réseau poreux ont été également mises en évidence par la porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure (diminution de la macroporosité et de la connectivité en général pour les matrices carbonatées par formation de CaCO3). L'objectif a été aussi de corréler toutes ces modifications observées avec les propriétés de transport des ions qui ont été obtenues par des tests de diffusion et migration des ions chlorures (et/ou sulfates) ainsi que des mesures de résistivité électrique. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que le coefficient de diffusion apparent est plus grand dans les matériaux carbonatés. Certaines expériences de diffusion faites en présence à la fois d'ions chlorures et sulfates ont aussi montré la concurrence de ces deux ions pour se fixer à la matrice cimentaire. Les matériaux cimentaires testés (bétons et pâtes) ont été formulés sans ou avec additions minérales (métakaolin, cendres volantes, laitier) et les propriétés de ces matériaux ont été observées à différents âges / Carbonation and chloride ingress are the main causes of reinforced concrete degradation. A lot of studies describe these two phenomena separately but only few studies state a possible coupling. However, the coupling of both phenomena exists. The corrosion of reinforcement due to chloride ions occurs more often in marine environments or in the presence of deicing salts while carbonation occurs systematically, in a more or less high degree depending on environmental conditions (humidity, temperature…). The aim of this thesis was to quantify the different phases of the cement matrix and its chloride binding by means of chloride binding isotherms for carbonated and non-carbonated cement based materials. These chloride binding isotherms, obtained by the equilibrium method, showed that the partially or totally carbonated cement matrix are bound fewer chlorides than the non carbonated ones. Complementary techniques such as the thermogravimetry (TGA), the X-rays diffraction (XRD) and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were used and allowed to understand why this binding decrease occurs. A decrease of Friedel's salt and chlorides bound in the C-S-H was showed in the carbonated materials. These decreases were quantified and are due to a modification of the phases containing chloride (such as aluminates, sulfo-aluminates and C-S-H phases) during carbonation process. The porous network, was observed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), was also modified (decrease of the macroporosity and the connectivity for carbonated cement matrix due to formation of calcium carbonate). The other aim was to correlate all these modifications with the ions transport properties. Chloride diffusion and migration tests (with or without sulfates) were obtained as well as the measurements of electric resistivity. The experimental results showed that the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is higher in the carbonated cement materials. Some diffusion tests were performed in presence of both chlorides and sulfates, which showed the competition of these two ions to bind on the cement matrix. Cement materials (concrete and cement paste) were designed without or with supplementary cementing materials (metakaolin, fly ash, slag) and the properties of these materials were followed at different curing time
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