Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSD (Play Therapy)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSD (Play Therapy)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1928. / Vita. Reproduced from type-written copy. Includes bibliographical references (90-94).

Thesis PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Hoodia gordonii passou a ser consumida hà sÃculos, com o intuito de promover uma reduÃÃo do apetite e da ingestÃo de Ãgua e comida, e atà os dias atuais à utilizada para este fim, em diversos paÃses. O presente estudo buscou investigar possÃveis alteraÃÃes comportamentais e metabÃlicas em roedores tratados com Hoodia gordonii, em diferentes perÃodos de tratamento. Para avaliar o peso corporal do animal, ratos foram pesados diariamente, no perÃodo do tratamento e mensurado o peso, a ingestÃo de Ãgua e comida. Para investigar as alteraÃÃes comportamentais (ansiedade e depressÃo) e neuroquÃmicas, os camundongos foram submetidos aos tratamentos de 1, 8 e 15 dias com Hoodia gordonii por via oral (25 e 50mg/kg), e em seguida realizados os testes comportamentais de Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE), Campo Aberto (CA) e outros grupos de camundongos foram submetidos ao teste do Nado ForÃado (NF). Com intuito de investigar o envolvimento com o sistema monoaminÃrgico, no efeito de H. gordonii sobre a depressÃo, os camundongos foram prÃ-tratados com antagonistas especÃficos para receptores de dopamina D1 e D2, de noradrenalina α1 e α2, de serotonina 5HT1A, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3A no teste do nado forÃado. AlÃm disso, outros grupos de camundongos foram prÃ-tratados com Hoodia gordonii por 1,8 e 15 dias e uma hora apÃs tiveram o corpo estriado removido para anÃlise da concentraÃÃo de monoaminas, atravÃs da tÃcnica de HPLC e o hipocampo para realizaÃÃo de experimentos de estresse oxidativo, por quantificaÃÃo dos nÃveis de glutationa reduzida, atividade da enzima catalase, nÃveis de nitrito/nitrato e malonildialdeÃdo. Foi realizado tambÃm teste de citotoxicidade pelo mÃtodo colorimÃtrico do MTT e estudo de genotoxicidade (DNA) em linfÃcitos humanos. Os resultados revelaram que o extrato reduziu o peso corporal dos animais, bem como a ingestÃo de Ãgua e comida. Nos testes comportamentais, observou-se um possÃvel efeito ansiogÃnico no LCE. No teste do campo aberto ocorreu uma reduÃÃo da atividade locomotora no 15 dia de tratamento e no teste do nado forÃado um efeito antidepressivo-sÃmile nos trÃs tempos de tratamento, observado pela reduÃÃo do tempo de imobilidade. Este efeito antidepressivo foi revertido com o prÃ-tratamento de antagonistas noradrenÃrgicos, serotonÃrgicos e dopaminÃrgicos utilizados no estudo. O extrato promoveu um aumento na concentraÃÃo de noradrenalina e serotonina em corpo estriado de camundongos apÃs 1 dia, e aumento de dopamina, noradrenalina e serotonina apÃs 15 dias. Na avaliaÃÃo do estresse oxidativo, nÃo se observou alteraÃÃes nos nÃveis de malonildialdeÃdo (MDA), na concentraÃÃo da enzima catalase, e da glutationa reduzida, e foi possÃvel verificar uma reduÃÃo na concentraÃÃo de nitrito em ambas as doses utilizadas, em hipocampo de camundongos nos trÃs tempos de tratamento. NÃo causou alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas hepÃticas e renais em camundongos, apÃs administraÃÃo aguda nas doses de 550 e 2000 mg/kg. Nas concentraÃÃes de 50 a 200Âg/mL nÃo desenvolveu citotoxicidade e no teste de genotoxicidade nÃo foi capaz de alterar o DNA celular de linfÃcitos humanos. Pode-se concluir que Hoodia gordonii mostrou resultados satisfatÃrios em roedores. Entretanto, à necessÃria a realizaÃÃo de outros estudos para garantir a seguranÃa no uso do extrato e futuramente possa trazer benefÃcios à populaÃÃo. / Hoodia gordonii has become consumed centuries, in order to promote a reduction in appetite, due to reduced food and water intake. Even today it is consumed in many countries. The present study investigated possible behavioral and metabolic alterations in rodents treated with Hoodia gordonii in different treatment periods. To evaluate body weight, the rats was weighted daily during the period of treatment and measured water and food intake. To investigate the behavioral (anxiety and depression) and neurochemical changes, the mice were tested for 1,8 and 15 days of treatment with Hoodia gordonii (25 and 50mg/kg, oral), the experimental models being performed in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field (OP) test and other group mice submitted the Forced Swimming (FN) test. In order, to investigate the involvement with the monoaminergic system, the mice were pretreated with specific dopamine D1 and D2; α1 and α2 of noradrenaline, serotonin 5HT1A, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3A receptor antagonists in the forced swimming test. In addition, other groups of animals were pretreated with H. gordonii for 1,8 and 15 days and after one hour, the striatum were removed for HPLC analysis of monoamines and hippocampus for the experiments of oxidative stress, such as enzymatic activity quantification of low levels of glutathione, catalase enzime, nitrite/nitrate and malondialdehyde levels. The citotoxicity (MTT) and genotoxicity (DNA) test was conducted in human lymphocytes. The results showed that, the extract reduced the body weight of the animals, as well as, food and water intake. In the behavioral testing, Hoodia gordonii presented anxiogenic effect in the EPM, reduced locomotor activity on day 1, 8 and 15 of treatment and antidepressant-like effect after the first dose administration, with reduced immobility time. It was interacted with noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors used in this study. The extract promoted an increase in levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the striatum of mice after 1 day, and increased monoamines dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin after 15 days. The oxidative stress was not able to alter the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione in the hippocampus of mice, reduced the concentration of nitrite in both doses used in the three treatment times. The cellular DNA of human lymphocytes was not changed. H. gordonii did not cause liver and kidney after administration of doses 550 and 2000 mg/kg histopathology changes. Concentrations of 50 at 200Âg/mL did not develop citotoxicity and genotoxicity test, was not able to change the cellular DNA of human lymphocytes. It can be concluded that, Hoodia gordonii showed great results in rodents. However, other studies itÂs necessary to ensure the safe use of the extract, and it can be approved or not in our country.

The purpose of this study is to find the factors that cause maladjustment for third-grade pupils and to find means of eliminating or reducing the causal factors, thereby eliminating the unsatisfactory adjustment.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to determine whether the Behavioral Objective Sequence (BOS) (Braaten, 1998), when used as a rating scale, was a valid instrument for measuring the behaviors of students with EBD and (b) to determine whether there was a relationship between teachers' perceptions of behaviors of students with EBD and these students' perceptions of their own behaviors. Perceptions were measured using the BOS and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991), a well-established instrument with reliability and validity. Demographic variables were examined as predictors of student versus teacher score discrepancies. Those shown to be predictive are student socioeconomic status, IQ score, length of time receiving special education services, grade and placement. The concurrent validity of the BOS is indicated by the comparison of scores on the BOS with scores on the CBCL. Participants were 62 youth with EBD and their 19 teachers from the Midwest. / Department of Special Education

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [152]-170). Also available on the Internet.