Bakgrund: Enligt Världshälsoorganisationen har omkring 40 miljoner människor i världen ett palliativt vårdbehov. Forskning visar att det finns brister inom den palliativa vården i Sverige, och flera forskare har länge önskat forskning som omfattar hela patientens upplevelser, där alla vårdandets aspekter inkluderas. Då patientens ork eller förmåga blir bristande uppkommer ett behov av att veta vad patienter i ett palliativt skede anser vara viktigt, för att främja livskvalitet och ett värdigt slut på livet. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av palliativ vård och lidande. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt. Tio kvalitativa artiklar inkluderades, vilka skrevs mellan 2016–2020. Databaser som användes för sökning var: PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo. Resultat: Analysen genererade fem teman: Symtom- och smärtlindring, Självkänsla och självbild, Interaktioner med vårdpersonal, Isolering och ensamhet samt Tankar om döden och framtiden, alla inom huvudtemat Upplevelser av palliativ vård. Såväl positiva som negativa upplevelser av palliativ vård identifierades. Slutsats: Förhoppningen var att genom att synliggöra patientupplevelser av palliativ vård kunna få en ökad förståelse för vad som upplevs vara viktigt inom den givna vården. Med bakgrund av denna ökade förståelse och klargjorda förbättringsområden kan handlingar tas som leder till en ökad livskvalitet för patienter som befinner sig i livets slutskede och ge dem en värdigare död. / Background: According to the World Health Organization, about 40 million people all over the globe are in need of palliative care. Research shows that there are shortcomings in Swedish palliative care, and several researchers have long requested research that encompasses the complete patient experience. When a patient's strength or ability becomes insufficient, a need arises to know what patients in palliative care consider important, in order to improve quality of life and to be able to provide a dignified end to their lives. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe patients’ experiences of palliative care and suffering. Method: General literature review. Ten qualitative articles were included, all written between 2016-2020. The databases used for the search were: PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Results: The analysis generated five themes. Symptoms and pain relief, Self-esteem and self- image, Interactions with healthcare staff, Isolation and loneliness and Thoughts on death and the future, all of which are parts of the main theme Experiences of palliative care. Positive, as well as negative experiences of palliative care were identified. Conclusion: The hope was that through highlighting patient experiences in palliative care, a greater understanding about what was considered important within the provided care could be achieved. Against the backdrop of this increased understanding and the identified areas of improvement, actions may be taken that improve the quality of life and provide a more dignified death.

BakgrundPalliativ vård handlar om att lindra lidandet hos patienter med obotlig sjukdom samt att tillgodose deras fysiska, psykosociala och existentiella behov för att främja patientens livskvalitet. Den palliativa vården ska byggas på fyra hörnstenar: symtomlindring, samarbete, kommunikation och stöd till närstående.Vårdpersonalen ska ha tillräckligt med kunskap om palliativ vård för att kunna utföra den praktiska omvårdnaden till patienter i det palliativa skedet.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva vuxna patienters upplevelse i samband med palliativ vård.Metod: Litteraturöversikten innehåller 17 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixedmetod. Datasökningen genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed.Resultat: I resultatet framkom sex kategorier som är kunskap om palliativ vård, förlust av självkänsla och sårbarhet, existentiella stöd, empati och sympati, känsla av trygghet och kommunikation och självbestämmande. Där resultaten visade att flera patienter saknar kunskap om palliativ vård och att patienterna har olika uppfattningar av palliativ vård, exempelvis tror en del av patienterna att palliativ vård innebär livets slutskede medan andra patienter beskriver att palliativ vård för dom är mer än livets slutskede. Till exempel uttrycker patienterna att det är en stödjande vård som förbättrar deras livskvalitet.Slutsats: Patienterna behöver mer kunskap om palliativ vård och därför är det viktigt att vårdpersonalen erbjuder information till patienterna. Detta är viktigt för att patienterna skall bli väl informerade om deras vård. För att öka patienternas delaktighet och kunskap om palliativ vård är det viktigt att det finns en god kommunikation mellan patienterna och vårdpersonalen. / Background:Palliative care is about relieving the suffering of patients with incurable diseaseand meeting their physical, psychosocial and existential needs to promote the patient's quality of life. Palliative care should be built on four cornerstones: symptom relief, cooperation, communication and support for relatives. The care staff must have enough knowledge about palliative care in order to perform the practical nursing care to the patients in the palliative phase.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe adult patients' experience in connection with palliative care.Method: The literature review contains 17 scientific articles with qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The data search was performed in the databases CINAHL and PubMed.Results: The result showed six categories that are knowledge of palliative care, loss of self-esteem and vulnerability, existential support, empathy and sympathy, feelings of security and communication and self-determination. The results showed that several patients missing knowledge about palliative care and those patients have different perceptions of palliative care, for example, some patients believe that palliative care means the end of life while other patients describe that palliative care for them is more than the end of life. For example, patients express that it is a supportive care to improve their quality of life.Conclusion: Patients need more knowledge about palliative care and therefore it is important that care staff offer information to patients. This is important for patients to be well informed about their care. To increase patient participation and knowledge of palliative care, it is important that there is good communication between patients and care staff.

This Master's thesis focuses on Occupational therapy for patients after application of botulinum toxin to upper limb. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate and compare a progress of functional independence in patients after acquired brain injury. There were twenty patients involved in the research, who were further divided into two groups and separated by ten people in each group. Both groups underwent the application of botulinum toxin whereas the experimental group A went through the occupational therapy. The control group had ordinary rehabilitation at home and without any occupational intervention for the duration of twelve week under guided self-rehabilitation contract of spastic paresis, so-called GSC. A programme of the group A included over the counter rehabilitation outpatient occupational therapy. The patients attended the course twice a week for the duration of four weeks. Afterwards, they received a home programme for the duration of eight weeks, during which they had two examinations at occupational therapy. All the participants were evaluated by Global Subjective Self-Assessment which is focused on spasticity. There were further evaluated according to Functional Independece Measure and modified Frenchay Arm Test. The experimental group with outpatient occupational therapy was...

Background: Every year, many patients with mental health problems are admitted to compulsory care under the Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act (LPT). There is a significant risk of patients injuring themselves or others. To prevent these risks, coercive measures which often infringe patients’ privacy and restrict their autonomy are employed. Therefore, it is crucial to consider patients' experiences of coercive measures to protect their privacy, autonomy and to reduce the need for coercive measure by providing person-centered care. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe adult patients' experiences of coercive measures in psychiatry. Method: Structured literature review with a qualitative approach is used. Fifteen scientific articles were identified using three databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo. Two additional articles were found via Google Scholar and included. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants described negative and to some extent positive experiences with coercion measures. Three themes were identified: Negative experience regarding health, vulnerability and autonomy, Positive experience of coercive measure and alternative measures, and participation and communication were described as the experience of the patients. Conclusion: Coercive measures have both negative and positive experiences where the negatives can be mitigated through effective communication with patients. In addition, nurses play a significant role in providing patients person-centered care in the context of coercive measures.