O presente estudo consiste numa revisão do conceito de resiliência como contribuição para a sua compreensão. O aumento recente de publicações que se utilizam da resiliência como referencial teórico tem tornado o conceito, paradoxalmente, mais incompreensível e polêmico. Não há como negar que resiliência se diferencia da adaptação e que envolve elementos que não estão contidos nesta. A estratégia desenhada para o propósito deste trabalho consistiu na promoção do confronto entre manifestações conhecidas de resiliência (na tradição bíblica, os episódios de Jó e Jacó; na arte, os filmes 'Frida' e 'A vida é bela' e no relato de Frankl sobre a vivência nos campos de concentração) e as interpretações e teorizações propostas por autores que têm sido recorrentes na literatura sobre esse tema. O trabalho é concluído com uma proposta de redefinição do conceito de resiliência que enfatiza a subjetividade na reconstrução do indivíduo como sujeito de sua história. / The present study consists in a literature review of the concept of resilience, towards its better understanding. The recent increase of publications that take resilience as a theoretical reference has converted it, paradoxally, in a less comprehensible and more controversial concept. It is not possible to deny that resilience is different from adaptation and covers elements not included in adapting issue. The strategy designed to this study's purpose was the confrontation between acquaintance manifestations of resilience (in Bible Tradition, Job's an Jacob's episodes; in art, the films 'Frida' and 'Life is beautiful' and in Victor Frankl's report on living on the concentration camps) and interpretations and theorizations made by recurrent authors in resilience literature. The work is concluded by proposing a redefinition of the concept that emphasizes subjectivity for reconstruction of the individual as the subject of its own history.

Infant faces represent highly salient visual stimuli that have been shown to elicit intuitive caregiving behaviors in healthy adults. However, the temporal dynamics of infant face processing in parents of young children remain poorly understood and the mechanism of action for the release of intuitive caregiving has not been elucidated. Although substantial advances have been made mapping the parental brain with fMRI, further work is needed to characterize the temporal dynamics of infant visual cue processing—particularly in populations at risk for disruptions in caregiving, such as families raising young children under conditions of economic adversity. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the temporal dynamics of caregivers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces in a sample of mothers raising young children with limited financial resources. To achieve this goal, this study utilized an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm—in combination with self-report and observational measures—to (1) examine the temporal dynamics of mothers’ infant face processing across different phases of perceptual processing; (2) test the relationship between mothers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces and to other aspects of parental function; and (3) examine whether mothers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces are sensitive to change with intervention. Three ERP components examined in prior work with caregivers (i.e., the P100, N170, and P300) were utilized to index the temporal dynamics of infant cue processing and two separate sets of analyses (Study 1 and Study 2) were conducted. Broadly speaking, the data collected in this investigation suggest that, for mothers raising young children under conditions of economic adversity, the parental brain begins differentiating between infant emotional expressions very early in the temporal course of stimulus perception and that mothers’ ERPs for unfamiliar infant faces are associated with other aspects of parental function, including self-reported experience and observable caregiving behavior. Preliminary analyses suggest that ERPs for unfamiliar infant faces are sensitive to change via a strength-based parenting program designed to reinforce caregivers’ attention to infant cues. These results are discussed with an emphasis on directions for future research and study limitations.

Child maltreatment and household dysfunction have long been linked to delinquency, adult criminality, and sexual offending. However, the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), factors related to out-of-home placement, and the onset of maladaptive behaviors has not thoroughly been explored in adolescents who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior. In the present study, we examined archival records of 120 male youths who have received treatment for sexually abusive behavior. As expected, the male adolescents in this sample have experienced higher rates of ACEs than samples of adult males in the community, adult males who committed sexual offenses, and juvenile justice–involved males as reported in the literature. Discrete-time survival analyses yielded increased risks of onset of aggression and sexually abusive behavior during early childhood and mid-to-late childhood, with significant associations between higher ACE scores and a greater number of out-ofhome placements. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Education is development. It helps to create choices and opportunities for people, reduce the twin burdens of poverty and diseases, and give a stronger voice in society. For nations it creates a dynamic workforce and well-informed citizens able to compete and cooperate globally - opening doors to economic and social prosperity.This study examines how a small group of students coped under conditions of adversity. It follows in the tradition of a wide body of qualitative work that has investigated ethnic minorities and their educational experiences. Much of the existing work, however, focuses on merely describing thematically and/or conceptually, what goes on. This study aims to construct an integrated conceptual understanding of how a minority group engaged in the coping process. More specifically, this study seeks to develop a substantive theory that can help explain and predict human behaviour. Grounded theory methodology was used in aid of the theory development process (Glasser and Strauss, 1967). Put simply, grounded theory is an inductive methodology that attempts to understand action from the perspective of social actors (Brooks, 1998).To uncover the coping process, the Turangitukua students and their Hapu (sub tribe) in New Zealand are used as the main data source. Two other student groups were used for comparative purposes. Data was obtained by a number of means; including interviewing, focus groups, hui (meetings), and documentary analysis. The collected data was summarised and analysed over a two- year period.This study contributes to three areas of research. First, it adds to the small but growing body of work relating to Turangitukua hapu (sub-tribe) in New Zealand. Second, it contributes to research in the area of Maori and non-Maori relationships, especially work that focuses on interaction. And finally, it adds to the formal theoretical literature on indigenous educational settings and its management.

It is proposed in this investigation that the phenomenon of shock is central to the fiction of Mary E. Mann as a premier factor at the heart of its powers of creative constitution. The study highlights Mann’s writing as a system of jolts, fits, and shocks lacking intrinsic meaning. The lack of intrinsic meaning in events is not viewed negatively as a mode of loss, existential meaning not having been posited beforehand as standard for measuring the nature of feelings, acts, or lives. The tendency for shocks to lack meaning in Mann’s writing is not seen as nihilistic. Shock in Mann’s writing needs to be elucidated without a prior meaning-frame or nihilistic loss-of-meaning agenda. The study presents the case that Mann’s fiction is devoted to the business of exhibiting the potential horror of human life in a non-metaphysical, non-theoretic way. In Mann’s literary texts lives fall apart without justification or forewarning. Characters walk straight into darkness and pain—but no loss or gain of metaphysical meaning is to be inferred. Disaster does not mean that life is intrinsically disastrous. Nor does catastrophe imply that we live in a universe where meaning is inevitably withheld. When meaning is given or withheld it happens to be given or withheld. This accidentalness is itself shocking. Like happiness, disaster is non-essential. It is to a large extent ruled by chance. Unlike Thomas Hardy, with whom she is sometimes compared, Mary Mann is accordingly not a pessimistic writer who tends to want to let darkness have the final word in order to immerse the reader in a metaphysics of gloom. In her short stories and novels darkness often has the last word; yet that tells us nothing about the intrinsic nature of reality. Negativity is real but extrinsic and non-essential. In Mann’s tales of Norfolk destinies, lives and characters fail simply because times are sometimes hard, and because adversity is central to fiction and existence.

A Study on the Employees' Adversity Quotient, Job Stress and Role Performance in High Technology Industry: Perceived Organizational Support as a Moderator. Abstract This study aims to explore the high-tech industry employees: (1) the relationship among adversity quotient, job stress, perceived organizational support and role performance. (2) the adversity quotient as a mediator between the job stress and role performance. (3) the moderating effect of perceived organizational support to job stress and role performacne. For the purposes of the study, the questionnaire survey was conducted for the employees in the south high tech industry. Total 111 supervisor questionnaires and 333 staff questionnaires were distributed to 44 high tech firms, where the role performance questionnaires were designed for pairs of supervisor and employees. And total 110 supervisor questionnaires and 330 staff questionnaires were returned and, after 2 supervisors¡¦ and 12 invalid staffs¡¦ questionnaires eliminated, a total of 108 supervisor and 318 staff valid sets of questionnairs have been collected in this study. The response rate of the valid questionnaires is 96.36%. The study adopts the following statistical analysis techniques: the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the reliability analysis, the descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, the one-way ANOVA, the structural equation modeling (SEM), the correlation analysis, and the hierarchical regression analysis. The primary findings are as follows: 1. Adversity quotient has significantly negative effect on job stress. 2. Adversity quotient has significantly positive effect on role performance. 3. Job stress has significantly negative effect on role performance. 4. Job stress has mediating effect on the relationship between adversity quotient and role performance. 5. Perceived organizational support does not have significantly moderate effect between job stress and role performance. This study concludes by discussing for the implications of major findings, which would be a reference to the academy and industries, and make suggestions for further studies. Keywords: Adversity Quotient , Job Stress , Percevied Orgnaizational Support, Role Performance, In-Role Behavior, OCB-Individual, OCB-Organization

Education is development. It helps to create choices and opportunities for people, reduce the twin burdens of poverty and diseases, and give a stronger voice in society. For nations it creates a dynamic workforce and well-informed citizens able to compete and cooperate globally - opening doors to economic and social prosperity.This study examines how a small group of students coped under conditions of adversity. It follows in the tradition of a wide body of qualitative work that has investigated ethnic minorities and their educational experiences. Much of the existing work, however, focuses on merely describing thematically and/or conceptually, what goes on. This study aims to construct an integrated conceptual understanding of how a minority group engaged in the coping process. More specifically, this study seeks to develop a substantive theory that can help explain and predict human behaviour. Grounded theory methodology was used in aid of the theory development process (Glasser and Strauss, 1967). Put simply, grounded theory is an inductive methodology that attempts to understand action from the perspective of social actors (Brooks, 1998).To uncover the coping process, the Turangitukua students and their Hapu (sub tribe) in New Zealand are used as the main data source. Two other student groups were used for comparative purposes. Data was obtained by a number of means; including interviewing, focus groups, hui (meetings), and documentary analysis. The collected data was summarised and analysed over a two- year period.This study contributes to three areas of research. First, it adds to the small but growing body of work relating to Turangitukua hapu (sub-tribe) in New Zealand. Second, it contributes to research in the area of Maori and non-Maori relationships, especially work that focuses on interaction. And finally, it adds to the formal theoretical literature on indigenous educational settings and its management.

Magister Artium - MA (Psychology) / Historically, families living in disenfranchised communities were viewed as being dysfunctional. This view led to the perpetuation of the challenges and adverse situations faced by these families. It is important to view the family holistically rather than just to focus on the risk factors and/or the dysfunctional nature of the family. This study endeavoured to explore how the family functions and copes with the challenges they face. The aim of the study was to qualitatively explore the dimensions of family resilience as perceived by families in a rural community on the West Coast, South Africa. Family resilience theory was used as the theoretical framework for the research study. Three family resilience dimensions were explored. These dimensions are family belief systems, family organisation and resources, and family communication patterns. Participants were selected by means of nonprobability sampling. The local NGO in collaboration with the researcher identified the participants. The participants were homogenous in terms of being parents who participated in a parent support programme and were from the same community. Six semi-structured, oneon- one interviews were conducted as the data collection method. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged, in congruence with the theoretical framework. These themes were the family's belief system, their organisational patterns when faced with adversity, as well as the communication patterns of the family. The participants all reported that their strong sense of faith was used as coping mechanisms through their adversities. They had varying reports on how their family organised themselves and how they communicated. Some participants reported that living in a small community could at times be challenging, especially when sharing adversities as they feared community gossip, which then acted as a barrier to seeking help. The researcher adhered to the ethics requirements of the study in terms of confidentiality, provided the participants with informed consent forms and informed them of their rights as participants. Participants were free to discontinue the research process at any point without prejudice.

O presente estudo consiste numa revisão do conceito de resiliência como contribuição para a sua compreensão. O aumento recente de publicações que se utilizam da resiliência como referencial teórico tem tornado o conceito, paradoxalmente, mais incompreensível e polêmico. Não há como negar que resiliência se diferencia da adaptação e que envolve elementos que não estão contidos nesta. A estratégia desenhada para o propósito deste trabalho consistiu na promoção do confronto entre manifestações conhecidas de resiliência (na tradição bíblica, os episódios de Jó e Jacó; na arte, os filmes 'Frida' e 'A vida é bela' e no relato de Frankl sobre a vivência nos campos de concentração) e as interpretações e teorizações propostas por autores que têm sido recorrentes na literatura sobre esse tema. O trabalho é concluído com uma proposta de redefinição do conceito de resiliência que enfatiza a subjetividade na reconstrução do indivíduo como sujeito de sua história. / The present study consists in a literature review of the concept of resilience, towards its better understanding. The recent increase of publications that take resilience as a theoretical reference has converted it, paradoxally, in a less comprehensible and more controversial concept. It is not possible to deny that resilience is different from adaptation and covers elements not included in adapting issue. The strategy designed to this study's purpose was the confrontation between acquaintance manifestations of resilience (in Bible Tradition, Job's an Jacob's episodes; in art, the films 'Frida' and 'Life is beautiful' and in Victor Frankl's report on living on the concentration camps) and interpretations and theorizations made by recurrent authors in resilience literature. The work is concluded by proposing a redefinition of the concept that emphasizes subjectivity for reconstruction of the individual as the subject of its own history.

Ovarian cancer is a malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, high levels of distress, and impaired quality of life (QOL). Investigation into the contributors to QOL is of psychological and prognostic significance in cancer. Contemporary stress theories and empirical accounts identify early life adversity and recent life stress as those sources which exert significant impact on physical and psychological health. To date, life stress research in cancer has yielded few designs which operationalize both indices of early life and recent life stress exposures. Moreover, despite the high-resolution stress data provided by the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) system, no studies to date comprehensively operationalize the early life adversity data obtained during each interview. Therefore, the proposed study is the first of its kind to comprehensively obtain ratings and examine effects of early life adversity data collected as part of the LEDS interview. It is also the first to examine independent influences of differentially timed life stress indices on psychological variables important to psychosocial functioning in ovarian cancer. Early life adversity was experienced by 43.1% of the sample. Adversity varied in content, number of occurrences, and severity. Ongoing difficulties, but not recent life events or early life adversity, were significantly associated with pre-surgical depression and QOL. Ongoing difficulties were also associated with lower depression, sleep, and QOL scores at all time-points. Early life adversity was associated with a poorer trajectory of sleep and QOL over the first year post-diagnosis. Findings are discussed with attention to behavioral and biological mechanisms. Applications to generative and cumulative theories of life stress are proposed. These findings lend support to the potential benefit of interventions aimed toward practical support and stress management in patients with ovarian cancer, as well as provide guidelines for use of early life adversity data obtained through the LEDS interview.