Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior / Banca: Teresa Cristina T. Pissarra / Banca: Sergio Paschoal de Campos / Resumo: A grande importância da citricultura no Estado de São Paulo, particularmente no Município de Botucatu, e sua grande expansão em área nos últimos anos e o avanço das técnicas de monitoramento ambiental, como o sensoriamento remoto motivou a presente pesquisa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações espaço-temporal da citricultura no Município de Botucatu-SP, no período de 1962 a 2005, utilizando-se de: fotografias aéreas pancromáticas de 1962, 1972 e 1977 e coloridas de 2000 e 2005, imagens de satélite Landsat 2000 e 2005; juntamente com técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, visando avaliar as diferenças na determinação de áreas e perímetros, por meio dos aplicativos: CartaLinx, SIG-Idrisi e SPLAN. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: a área ocupada pela citricultura no Município de Botucatu-SP em 2000 representava 5,22% da área total do Município; passando a ocupar 8,63 % no ano de 2005, representando um incremento de 3,41% na área total estudada e uma expansão de 65,27% da área citrícola no período de cinco anos; sendo que, no período de 43 anos (1962 a 2005), houve um incremento de 12722,56 ha desta área. As áreas obtidas por meio de fotografias aéreas e avaliadas pelo Carta Linx apresentam valores mais próximos da verdade terrestre para a determinação de áreas e perímetros. A falta de nitidez das imagens de satélite dificulta a identificação de pequenas áreas de cobertura vegetal; o SIG-Idrisi apresentou discrepâncias para a determinação de perímetros, em função de trabalhar de forma matricial e que o SPLAN, é próximo do Carta Linx, para a determinação de áreas e perímetros, devido ao fato de ambos trabalharem de forma vetorial / Abstract: The great importance of citrus in São Paulo, particularly in Botucatu, its major expansion in area in recent years and the advanced techniques for environmental monitoring, such as remote sensing, are all factors that have motivated the present research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes of citrus in Botucatu-SP from 1962 to 2005. For this, was used, panchromatic aerial photographs from 1962, 1972 and 1977, color ones from 2000 and 2005, Landsat satellite images from 2000 and 2005. Along with those, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems were also used in order to evaluate the differences in determining areas and perimeters, by using software such as CartaLinx, GISIdrisi and SPLAN. The results showed that the area occupied by citrus in Botucatu-SP was 5.22% of the total area of the county in 2000. In 2005, it represented 8.63%, showing a 3.41% increase of the total area and an expansion of 65.27% of the citrus area within five years, being that during the period of 43 years (1962-2005), there was an increase of 12722.56 ha of this area. The areas obtained from aerial photographs and evaluated with CartaLinx present values closer to ground truth for the determination of areas and perimeters. The lack of accuracy in the satellite images makes it difficult to identify small areas of vegetation. GISIdrisi showed discrepancies in perimeter determination, as it works with matrixes. SPLAN is similar to CartaLinx for the determination of areas and perimeters, due to the fact that both work with vectors / Doutor

As zonas costeiras estão em constante processo de pressão, tanto pela ação humana, que acaba rompendo o equilíbrio dominante, como pela ação da natureza, que está ligada principalmente a fatores geológicos, fatores climáticos e à dinâmica costeira. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a evolução do processo de ocupação urbana na faixa oceânica no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, devido ao fato de esse local apresentar problemas em seu processo de urbanização, que se configuram pela falta de planejamento e de ordenamento territorial. Para essa análise, utilizou-se produtos de sensoriamento remoto em escala multitemporal, com perspectivas temporais em que se pode trabalhar e entender as rupturas de paradigmas em diferentes momentos históricos. Para isso, foram feitas análises em um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, adquirido pelo Exército Brasileiro, na Escala 1:75.000 do ano de 1964, análises em Imagens de Satélite Landsat TM7, do ano de 1996 e Imagens de Satélite QuickBird do ano de 2010. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs uma análise em escala multitemporal no processo de urbanização dos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, para um melhor entendimento do porquê dos problemas com as construções residenciais na faixa frontal ao Oceano Atlântico, que tem levando muitos moradores a perda total de suas residências. Verificou-se que a evolução dos percentuais de ocupação urbana nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí foi bastante significativa, sendo o que os dois balneários apresentaram crescimento mais elevado nas três primeiras décadas analisadas e ainda concluiu-se que no último intervalo da análise os índices de crescimento urbano foram menores para os dois balneários, recomendando-se maiores estudos e monitoramento dos vetores de crescimento urbano para ambos os balneários, com maior atenção para o balneário do Hermenegildo, devido ao grave problema de erosão costeira. / Coastal zones are constantly affected by the pressure process, caused by the human action, which ends up breaking the dominant balance, as well as by the action of the nature, which is mainly related to geologic and climatic factors and to the coastal dynamic. This study aims to analyze the urban occupation evolution process along Santa Vitória do Palmar coastline, especially Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí, considering the fact that this specific territory presents lots of problems concerning its urbanization process. For this analysis, images captured by remote sensing were used in a multitemporal scale, trough time perspectives that enable this study to develop and understand the paradigmatic ruptures in different historical periods. In order to do so, different types of images were analyzed, such as the aerial photogrammetric survey, taken by the Brazilian Army, in the 1:75.000 scale of 1964, TM7 Landsat Satellite Images, taken in 1996, and QuickBird Satellite Images, taken in 2010. Therefore, this study promoted an analysis in a multitemporal scale of the urbanization process regarding the territory already mentioned, in order to discover the causes of the problems involving residential constructions located on the frontal area of the Atlantic Ocean, which might be the reason why the residents are totally losing their residences. It was found that the development of the urban occupation percentage in Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí was very significant, based upon the fact that both beaches present a notorious increase on the first three analyzed decades and, beyond that, it was concluded that during the last interval of the analysis, the urban growth indices were lower for both, suggesting that this field demands more studies and monitoring of the urban growth vectors for both beaches, attaching particular attention to Balneário do Hermenegildo because of its severe coastal erosion problem.

Human intervention and natural phenomenon cause change in land use day by day. Availability of accurate land use information is essential for many applications like natural resource management, planning and monitoring programs. Landuse Change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental change. Because of the rapid development in the field of land use mapping, there is an increase in studies of land use change worldwide. Providing an accurate assessment of the extent and health of the world’s forest, grassland and agricultural resources has become an important priority. By printed maps without any statistics or only statistics without any map can not solve this visualization problem. Because printed maps have not attracted as much attention as statistics among the people because of it is limited applications (Himiyama, 2002). Remotely sensed data like aerial photographs and satellite imageries are undoubtedly the most ideal data for extracting land use change information. Satellite images are the most economical way of getting data for different times. The multitude of existing software helps getting information from satellite image also in manipulating the information. The approach used in this study to classify satellite images and change detection based on Satellite images Landsat MSS (1972), Landsat TM (1989) and Landsat ETM (1999) for using supervised classification methods like maximum likelihood (MAXLIKE), MAHALCLASS and time series analysis of CROSSTAB. After performed these hard and soft classifiers the research showed the significant Landuse change in the study area of Chakoria Sundarban mangrove forest. Remote sensing is the modern tools for detecting change pattern and behaviours of coastal environment (Saifuzzaman, 2000). So, those tools are used in the research work for better change analysis of the study area. For analyzing, evaluation and mapping environmental change detection of different years remotely sensed data have been undertaken. The present research provides some suggestions and recommendations as per research findings in order to optimize the utility of coastal resources and to maintain the sustainability of the resources, coastal land use control and there by stabilizing the coastal vulnerable area of chakoria Sundarban.

<p>Human intervention and natural phenomenon cause change in land use day by day. Availability of accurate land use information is essential for many applications like natural resource management, planning and monitoring programs. Landuse Change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental change. Because of the rapid development in the field of land use mapping, there is an increase in studies of land use change worldwide. Providing an accurate assessment of the extent and health of the world’s forest, grassland and agricultural resources has become an important priority. By printed maps without any statistics or only statistics without any map can not solve this visualization problem. Because printed maps have not attracted as much attention as statistics among the people because of it is limited applications (Himiyama, 2002). Remotely sensed data like aerial photographs and satellite imageries are undoubtedly the most ideal data for extracting land use change information. Satellite images are the most economical way of getting data for different times. The multitude of existing software helps getting information from satellite image also in manipulating the information. The approach used in this study to classify satellite images and change detection based on Satellite images Landsat MSS (1972), Landsat TM (1989) and Landsat ETM (1999) for using supervised classification methods like maximum likelihood (MAXLIKE), MAHALCLASS and time series analysis of CROSSTAB. After performed these hard and soft classifiers the research showed the significant Landuse change in the study area of Chakoria Sundarban mangrove forest. Remote sensing is the modern tools for detecting change pattern and behaviours of coastal environment (Saifuzzaman, 2000). So, those tools are used in the research work for better change analysis of the study area. For analyzing, evaluation and mapping environmental change detection of different years remotely sensed data have been undertaken. The present research provides some suggestions and recommendations as per research findings in order to optimize the utility of coastal resources and to maintain the sustainability of the resources, coastal land use control and there by stabilizing the coastal vulnerable area of chakoria Sundarban.</p><p> </p>

The geometry, deformation mechanism and kinematics of the S&uuml / rg&uuml / Fault Zone is investigated by using remotely sensed data including Landsat TM and ASTER imagery combined with SRTM, and stereo-aerial photographs. They are used to extract information related to regional lineaments and tectono-morphological characteristics of the SFZ. Various image processing and enhancement techniques including contrast enhancement, PCA, DS and color composites are applied on the imagery and three different approaches including manual, semi automatic and automatic lineament extraction methods are followed. Then the lineaments obtained from ASTER and Landsat imagery using manual and automatic methods are overlaid to produce a final lineaments map. The results have indicated that, the total number and length of the lineaments obtained from automatic is more than other methods while the percentages of overlapping lineaments for the manual method is more than the automatic method which indicate that the lineaments from automatic method does not discriminate man made features which result more lineaments and less overlapping ratio with respect to final map. It is revealed from the detail analysis that, the SFZ displays characteristic deformation patterns of strike-slip faults, such as pressure ridges, linear fault controlled valleys, deflected stream courses, rotated blocks and juxtaposition of stratigraphical horizons in macroscopic scale. In addition to these, kinematic analyses carried out using fault slip data indicated that the S&uuml / rg&uuml / Fault Zone is dextral strike-slip fault zone with a reverse component of slip and cumulative displacement along the fault is more than 2 km.

Coral reefs are one of the most productive, diverse and complex ecosystems on Earth. They are very important ecologically, economically and socially, but are subject to increasing deleterious disturbances. To protect coral reefs and manage the sustainable use of their resources it is necessary to understand how coral communities respond to disturbances and to use this understanding to project the likely ecological trajectories of disturbed coral reefs in spatial and temporal contexts. Three powerful tools exist to address this issue: (1) in situ monitoring that describes ecological transitions of coral communities at very fine spatial scale; (2) time-series of maps derived from high spatial resolution remote sensing images that provide multi-temporal synoptic views of the reefs; and (3) spatially- and temporally-explicit models that are able to handle ecosystems complexity and represent their spatial dynamics. The combination of these three tools to map and monitor coral communities remained to be addressed. This dissertation developed an integrative approach to characterise, map and model coral communities’ responses to disturbances. This approach provides a basis for monitoring coral reefs at temporal and spatial scales matched to disturbance impacts and coral reefs patchiness. This was achieved by investigating the dynamics of three different Indo-Pacific reefs and by following four steps: - Developing and applying a method to characterise how detailed coral communities can be mapped before and after a major cyclone event from a short time-series of high spatial resolution images (IKONOS, Quickbird) on Aboré Reef (New-Caledonia); - Using the methods developed in the first step to assess whether decadal-scale coral dynamics can be retraced and monitored from time-series of aerial photographs and satellite images spanning at least 30 years on Saint-Leu (Réunion Island) and Heron (Australia) Reefs; - Developing a spatially- and temporally-explicit model of coral communities’ dynamics with cellular agent-based formalism on the western section of Heron reef flat; and - Assessing the relevance of the mapping, monitoring and modelling tools developed in this work, into an integrated approach for coral reef monitoring. For the first step, accurate monitoring requires that descriptions of the reef features are coherent with the local scale of disturbance impacts in space and time. While such a monitoring paradigm is applied in terrestrial environments, it is not the case for coral reefs. A before-after cyclone time-series of satellite images from Aboré Reef was used to test this paradigm on coral reefs. In situ data provided a new three-level hierarchical coral community typology (45 classes at the finest level). Photo-interpretation and hierarchical mapping methods were applied to an IKONOS image and a Quickbird image taken before and after cyclone Erica respectively. Application of this paradigm yielded a highly detailed multi-temporal maps of pre- and post-cyclone coral communities and recommendations to design reef-scale monitoring protocols. For the second step, the temporal scale of monitoring projects needs also to match the inherent reef dynamics. To assess the applicability of this temporal component of the paradigm at a decadal scale, the hierarchical mapping approaches developed for Aboré Reef were applied to a 33-year time-series of satellite images (two Quickbird images) and airborne photographs (five scanned images) of Saint-Leu Reef. The mapping approach overcame challenges due to different images qualities and to the lack of in situ observations in time and space before cyclone Firinga in 1989. This demonstrated the potential for further applications of the approach in reef monitoring protocols based on complementary in situ and remote sensing data to help understand the dynamics of reef-top coral reef communities and geomorphology over years to decades. In the next step, the modelling component of this work focused on a proof-of-concept for spatially-explicit modelling of coral growth by simulating maps of reef flat colonisation on a 16 686 m2 section of Heron Reef. To do this a 35-year time-series of two satellite Quickbird pan-sharpened images and five aerial photographs of Heron Reef was first used to hierarchically map and quantify the areal expansion of coral on the reef flat. The coral growth was driven by several artificially induced local sea-level rises associated with engineering works on the reef flat. Vertical and horizontal growth rates were quantified in terms of percentage of the total area colonised each year by corals. Coral community maps and coral growth rates estimated from the image time-series were used to constrain an accretive cellular growth model. Although only preliminary the model produced coral growth likelihood maps corresponding to observed fine-scale coral growth patterns. This suggested the tool had promise for further applications in reef management. This dissertation developed an integrative approach to characterise, map and model coral communities’ responses to disturbances, providing a basis for monitoring coral reefs at ecological, temporal, and spatial scales matching the patchiness of the communities’ distribution and disturbance impacts. The contributions of the work to the applied fields of coral reef mapping, modelling and monitoring were demonstrated through the results achieved and the development of protocols that do not require specialized image processing algorithms and methods. This opens perspectives for further development of the approach on other coral reefs around the world.

As zonas costeiras estão em constante processo de pressão, tanto pela ação humana, que acaba rompendo o equilíbrio dominante, como pela ação da natureza, que está ligada principalmente a fatores geológicos, fatores climáticos e à dinâmica costeira. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a evolução do processo de ocupação urbana na faixa oceânica no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, devido ao fato de esse local apresentar problemas em seu processo de urbanização, que se configuram pela falta de planejamento e de ordenamento territorial. Para essa análise, utilizou-se produtos de sensoriamento remoto em escala multitemporal, com perspectivas temporais em que se pode trabalhar e entender as rupturas de paradigmas em diferentes momentos históricos. Para isso, foram feitas análises em um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, adquirido pelo Exército Brasileiro, na Escala 1:75.000 do ano de 1964, análises em Imagens de Satélite Landsat TM7, do ano de 1996 e Imagens de Satélite QuickBird do ano de 2010. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs uma análise em escala multitemporal no processo de urbanização dos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, para um melhor entendimento do porquê dos problemas com as construções residenciais na faixa frontal ao Oceano Atlântico, que tem levando muitos moradores a perda total de suas residências. Verificou-se que a evolução dos percentuais de ocupação urbana nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí foi bastante significativa, sendo o que os dois balneários apresentaram crescimento mais elevado nas três primeiras décadas analisadas e ainda concluiu-se que no último intervalo da análise os índices de crescimento urbano foram menores para os dois balneários, recomendando-se maiores estudos e monitoramento dos vetores de crescimento urbano para ambos os balneários, com maior atenção para o balneário do Hermenegildo, devido ao grave problema de erosão costeira. / Coastal zones are constantly affected by the pressure process, caused by the human action, which ends up breaking the dominant balance, as well as by the action of the nature, which is mainly related to geologic and climatic factors and to the coastal dynamic. This study aims to analyze the urban occupation evolution process along Santa Vitória do Palmar coastline, especially Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí, considering the fact that this specific territory presents lots of problems concerning its urbanization process. For this analysis, images captured by remote sensing were used in a multitemporal scale, trough time perspectives that enable this study to develop and understand the paradigmatic ruptures in different historical periods. In order to do so, different types of images were analyzed, such as the aerial photogrammetric survey, taken by the Brazilian Army, in the 1:75.000 scale of 1964, TM7 Landsat Satellite Images, taken in 1996, and QuickBird Satellite Images, taken in 2010. Therefore, this study promoted an analysis in a multitemporal scale of the urbanization process regarding the territory already mentioned, in order to discover the causes of the problems involving residential constructions located on the frontal area of the Atlantic Ocean, which might be the reason why the residents are totally losing their residences. It was found that the development of the urban occupation percentage in Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí was very significant, based upon the fact that both beaches present a notorious increase on the first three analyzed decades and, beyond that, it was concluded that during the last interval of the analysis, the urban growth indices were lower for both, suggesting that this field demands more studies and monitoring of the urban growth vectors for both beaches, attaching particular attention to Balneário do Hermenegildo because of its severe coastal erosion problem.

As zonas costeiras estão em constante processo de pressão, tanto pela ação humana, que acaba rompendo o equilíbrio dominante, como pela ação da natureza, que está ligada principalmente a fatores geológicos, fatores climáticos e à dinâmica costeira. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a evolução do processo de ocupação urbana na faixa oceânica no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, devido ao fato de esse local apresentar problemas em seu processo de urbanização, que se configuram pela falta de planejamento e de ordenamento territorial. Para essa análise, utilizou-se produtos de sensoriamento remoto em escala multitemporal, com perspectivas temporais em que se pode trabalhar e entender as rupturas de paradigmas em diferentes momentos históricos. Para isso, foram feitas análises em um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, adquirido pelo Exército Brasileiro, na Escala 1:75.000 do ano de 1964, análises em Imagens de Satélite Landsat TM7, do ano de 1996 e Imagens de Satélite QuickBird do ano de 2010. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs uma análise em escala multitemporal no processo de urbanização dos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí, para um melhor entendimento do porquê dos problemas com as construções residenciais na faixa frontal ao Oceano Atlântico, que tem levando muitos moradores a perda total de suas residências. Verificou-se que a evolução dos percentuais de ocupação urbana nos balneários do Hermenegildo e da Barra do Chuí foi bastante significativa, sendo o que os dois balneários apresentaram crescimento mais elevado nas três primeiras décadas analisadas e ainda concluiu-se que no último intervalo da análise os índices de crescimento urbano foram menores para os dois balneários, recomendando-se maiores estudos e monitoramento dos vetores de crescimento urbano para ambos os balneários, com maior atenção para o balneário do Hermenegildo, devido ao grave problema de erosão costeira. / Coastal zones are constantly affected by the pressure process, caused by the human action, which ends up breaking the dominant balance, as well as by the action of the nature, which is mainly related to geologic and climatic factors and to the coastal dynamic. This study aims to analyze the urban occupation evolution process along Santa Vitória do Palmar coastline, especially Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí, considering the fact that this specific territory presents lots of problems concerning its urbanization process. For this analysis, images captured by remote sensing were used in a multitemporal scale, trough time perspectives that enable this study to develop and understand the paradigmatic ruptures in different historical periods. In order to do so, different types of images were analyzed, such as the aerial photogrammetric survey, taken by the Brazilian Army, in the 1:75.000 scale of 1964, TM7 Landsat Satellite Images, taken in 1996, and QuickBird Satellite Images, taken in 2010. Therefore, this study promoted an analysis in a multitemporal scale of the urbanization process regarding the territory already mentioned, in order to discover the causes of the problems involving residential constructions located on the frontal area of the Atlantic Ocean, which might be the reason why the residents are totally losing their residences. It was found that the development of the urban occupation percentage in Balneário do Hermenegildo and Balneário da Barra do Chuí was very significant, based upon the fact that both beaches present a notorious increase on the first three analyzed decades and, beyond that, it was concluded that during the last interval of the analysis, the urban growth indices were lower for both, suggesting that this field demands more studies and monitoring of the urban growth vectors for both beaches, attaching particular attention to Balneário do Hermenegildo because of its severe coastal erosion problem.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2880418 bytes, checksum: fec8e412cf2114100fe788372d36b06b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work has objective main the analyze the potentiality and limitations of products remote sensing to the teaching-learning process of Geography on fundamental teaching II. By of application questionnaires, we seek: Know the conceptions of students and teachers of Geography about remote sensing and its products; Identifying how students and teachers see the products of remote sensing (aerial photographs and satellite imagery) in process in learning the contents of the discipline of Geography; Diagnosing the role that remote sensing products can play in the teaching of cartography in the discipline of Geography from the looks of students and teachers and finally, seeked to verify how students and teachers perceive the products of remote sensing in the study of socio environmental problems in the neighborhood where the school is located. Regarding methodological procedures, we conducted a lifting of authors who address the issue of new technologies and the teaching-learning of Geography. With regard to the spatial area, this survey was conducted in eight public schools municipal of the Polo 1 of the teaching of the city of João Pessoa-PB. Form Part of this pole the following neighborhoods: Bancários, Jardim Cidade Universitária e Mangabeira. They are located in the southern part of the county aforesaid. For the delimitation of the research subjects, we define the teachers of Geography and also the students seventh-grade the teaching fundamental II. According to the results of qualitative research analyzed in the light of the authors consulted, we noted that the products of remote sensing, supported by other tools can help to expand the possibilities of the process teaching and learning of Geography. From another part, we also realize that forth the appropriation and expansion of new technologies by society, if makes necessary more increasingly think the respect of strategies didactic-pedagogical be to implemented ambit in the teaching of Geography. This aspect requires training of teachers interested in changing their practices, dedication, remunerations and professional development. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as potencialidades e limitações dos produtos de sensoriamento remoto para processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia no ensino fundamental II. Por meio da aplicação de questionário, procuramos: Conhecer as concepções dos alunos e professores de Geografia a respeito do sensoriamento remoto e seus produtos; Identificar como os alunos e professores veem os produtos do sensoriamento remoto (fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélites) no processo de aprendizagem dos conteúdos da disciplina de Geografia; Diagnosticar o papel que os produtos de sensoriamento remoto podem desempenhar no ensino da cartografia na disciplina de Geografia a partir dos olhares de alunos e professores e, por fim, buscamos verificar como os alunos e professores percebem os produtos de sensoriamento remoto no estudo dos problemas socioambientais do bairro onde se localiza a escola. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico de autores que abordam a questão das novas tecnologias e do ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia. No que se refere ao recorte espacial, a presente pesquisa foi realizada em oito escolas públicas municipais do polo 01 de ensino da cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Fazem parte desse polo os seguintes bairros: Bancários, Jardim Cidade Universitária e Mangabeira. Os mesmos estão localizados na zona Sul do município supracitado. Para a delimitação dos sujeitos da pesquisa, definimos que seriam os professores de Geografia e também os alunos do sétimo ano do ensino fundamental II. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa qualiquantitativa analisado à luz dos autores consultados, evidenciamos que os produtos do sensoriamento remoto, apoiados por outras ferramentas podem contribuir para ampliar as possibilidades do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Geografia. De outra parte, percebemos também que diante da apropriação e expansão de novas tecnologias pela sociedade, se faz necessário pensarmos cada vez mais a respeito de estratégias didático-pedagógicas para serem implementadas no âmbito do ensino de Geografia. Tal aspecto requer capacitações dos professores, interesse em mudar suas práticas, dedicação, remunerações e aperfeiçoamento profissional.

This study concerns in a three peatland sites: the epilitorals of Pilská reservoir and Hořejší Padrťský fishpond in Příbram region and Kamenný fishpond in Pilsen. These peat-bobg were affected by negative conseqences of human activities. The aim of this study is to find out what kind these changes was and what extent they were. The changes in vegetation were observed from two points of view. The GIS analyses of aerial photographs represent the macroscale view. Repeating of old phytosociological relevées was the microscale view. To understand the cause of vegetation changes, the species-environment analyses were used. Four transects were made for this purpose and a water table level, pH and conductivity were mesured monthly along these transects. One-shot measurements of N and P water concentration and a peat depth were also carried out. Measured data from transects were uses in multivariate vegetation analyses and also in one- way analysis, aimed to an expansion plant species. All three sites of concern came through strong changes in past. In all of them the area of biotops of great conservation importance decreased and some endangered plant species have been lost there. The changes in Pilská reservoir epilitoral were mostly anthropogenic, whereas the mires of Hořejší Padrťský fishpond and Kamenný...