The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages 9.3 million hectares of land in Utah and has implemented an Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation (ESR) Program to protect life and property, combat soil erosion, and reduce the invasion of exotic/noxious weeds following wildland fire. In highly vulnerable sites, seeding treatments may be applied to establish an interim landcover to stabilize the soil and competitively exclude weed invasions. Monitoring treatment effectiveness is mandated through ESR guidelines and necessary for the submission of annual Accomplishment Reports for the first three years following fire containment. Ground monitoring has been the traditional approach to fulfilling this ESR monitoring mandate. Ground monitoring of vegetation within a large burn can be complicated or rendered infeasible by the logistical constraints presented by size, topography, and remoteness. The inherent weaknesses of ground monitoring in large remote areas provide the impetus for augmenting these approaches with remotely sensed data. The Rattle Fire Complex (RFC) is a 2002 burn that demonstrates a need and an opportunity to develop a remote sensing-based monitoring tool. This project utilized high spatial resolution Quickbird imagery and ground data to monitor treatment effectiveness and vegetative recovery within the RFC ESR project area and shows that remote sensing and statistical modeling can significantly improve knowledge regarding ESR treatment effectiveness when combined with traditional ground monitoring methods. The image acquisition cost and labor investment may be prohibitive, making this approach feasible only on large, high priority projects. This methodology arguably represents the simplest approach from both a remote sensing and statistical modeling approach and was accomplished using software currently available within the Bureau of Land Management computer network. It is unlikely that current technology can provide a cheaper or simpler alternative. Testing of this methodology on other projects will provide better insight into its utility and transferability.

Dentre os processos urbanos passíveis de serem analisados pelos novos sensores de alta resolução espacial está a refuncionalização de antigas áreas industriais, atualmente desativadas. Os edifícios e terrenos industriais que tiveram um uso ativo, mas que foram fechados, abandonados, e estão ociosos, são chamados de brownfields. Nos últimos anos, alguns destes locais tem sido refuncionalizados, alterando suas formas, estruturas e funções, incorporando, portanto, novos usos. Neste trabalho são analisadas primeiramente as questões teóricas acerca dos brownfields sua conceituação, formação, refuncionalização, e impactos gerados. Posteriormente, são apresentadas as metodologias de aplicação das geotecnologias nos estudos sobre brownfields e a discussão de suas potencialidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a utilização do sensoriamento remoto e dos sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) para identificar áreas de potenciais brownfields e analisar o processo de refuncionalização de antigos espaços fabris dos bairros do Brás, Mooca e Belém, em São Paulo. Neste contexto, as aerofotos e as imagens Quickbird integradas em ambiente SIG mostraram serem de grande auxílio para a identificação de brownfields, bem como para a análise do processo de refuncionalização, que foi atualizado e corroborado com os trabalhos de campo nos bairros citados. A acurácia da classificação supervisionada do uso do solo da imagem Quickbird no software TNTmips, apresentou Kappa de 86.29% para o bairro do Brás, 89.41% para a Mooca e 89.25% para o Belém; e a acurácia global apresentou 88.53% para o Brás, 91.85% para a Mooca e 90.25% para o Belém resultados considerados excelentes. Este trabalho, portanto, contribui em apresentar novas possibilidades de estudos sobre brownfields, valendo-se da potencialidade das geotecnologias e das imagens de alta resolução espacial para análise intra-urbana. Além disso, as questões analisadas nesta pesquisa apontam caminhos teóricos e metodológicos para a melhor compreensão destas áreas e para a busca por intervenções mais adequadas visando solucionar problemas urbanos. / Among the urban processes susceptible to be analyzed through the new high resolution spatial sensors, is the redevelopment of old industrial areas, presently deactivated. The building and industrial terrains that had and active use, but that were shutdown, abandoned, and are idle, are called brownfields. In the last years, some of these places have been redeveloped, changing its shapes, structures and functions, incorporating, this way, new uses. On this paper are analyzed, primarily, the theoretical issues about the brownfields - its conception, formation, redevelopment, and generated impacts. Subsequently, are presented the geotechnologies methodologies application on the brownfields studies and the discussion of its potentialities. The objective of this research was to study the use of remote sensing and the Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify potential brownfields areas and analyse the redevelopment process of old industrial spaces in the districts of Brás, Mooca and Belém, in the city of São Paulo. In this context, the aerial photos and Quickbird images, integrated in a GIS environment, showed to be of great aid in the brownfields identification, as well as to the redevelopment analysis process, that was updated and supported with field work in the quoted districts. The supervised classification accuracy of the land use in the Quickbird image over the Software TNTmips, shows Kappa of 86.29% to the Brás district, 89.41% to Mooca and 89.25% to Belém; and the overall accuracy presented 88.53% to Brás, 91.85% to Mooca and 90.25% to Belém - results considered excellent. So, this paper contributes with the presentation of new study possibilities over brownfields, taking advantage of the geotechnologies and high resolution spatial imagery potentialities to the intra-urban analysis. Beside this, the analyzes issues on this research indicate theoretical and methodological ways to a better comprehension of these areas and to the quest for more adequate interventions, seeking to solve urban problems.

Dentre os processos urbanos passíveis de serem analisados pelos novos sensores de alta resolução espacial está a refuncionalização de antigas áreas industriais, atualmente desativadas. Os edifícios e terrenos industriais que tiveram um uso ativo, mas que foram fechados, abandonados, e estão ociosos, são chamados de brownfields. Nos últimos anos, alguns destes locais tem sido refuncionalizados, alterando suas formas, estruturas e funções, incorporando, portanto, novos usos. Neste trabalho são analisadas primeiramente as questões teóricas acerca dos brownfields sua conceituação, formação, refuncionalização, e impactos gerados. Posteriormente, são apresentadas as metodologias de aplicação das geotecnologias nos estudos sobre brownfields e a discussão de suas potencialidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a utilização do sensoriamento remoto e dos sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) para identificar áreas de potenciais brownfields e analisar o processo de refuncionalização de antigos espaços fabris dos bairros do Brás, Mooca e Belém, em São Paulo. Neste contexto, as aerofotos e as imagens Quickbird integradas em ambiente SIG mostraram serem de grande auxílio para a identificação de brownfields, bem como para a análise do processo de refuncionalização, que foi atualizado e corroborado com os trabalhos de campo nos bairros citados. A acurácia da classificação supervisionada do uso do solo da imagem Quickbird no software TNTmips, apresentou Kappa de 86.29% para o bairro do Brás, 89.41% para a Mooca e 89.25% para o Belém; e a acurácia global apresentou 88.53% para o Brás, 91.85% para a Mooca e 90.25% para o Belém resultados considerados excelentes. Este trabalho, portanto, contribui em apresentar novas possibilidades de estudos sobre brownfields, valendo-se da potencialidade das geotecnologias e das imagens de alta resolução espacial para análise intra-urbana. Além disso, as questões analisadas nesta pesquisa apontam caminhos teóricos e metodológicos para a melhor compreensão destas áreas e para a busca por intervenções mais adequadas visando solucionar problemas urbanos. / Among the urban processes susceptible to be analyzed through the new high resolution spatial sensors, is the redevelopment of old industrial areas, presently deactivated. The building and industrial terrains that had and active use, but that were shutdown, abandoned, and are idle, are called brownfields. In the last years, some of these places have been redeveloped, changing its shapes, structures and functions, incorporating, this way, new uses. On this paper are analyzed, primarily, the theoretical issues about the brownfields - its conception, formation, redevelopment, and generated impacts. Subsequently, are presented the geotechnologies methodologies application on the brownfields studies and the discussion of its potentialities. The objective of this research was to study the use of remote sensing and the Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify potential brownfields areas and analyse the redevelopment process of old industrial spaces in the districts of Brás, Mooca and Belém, in the city of São Paulo. In this context, the aerial photos and Quickbird images, integrated in a GIS environment, showed to be of great aid in the brownfields identification, as well as to the redevelopment analysis process, that was updated and supported with field work in the quoted districts. The supervised classification accuracy of the land use in the Quickbird image over the Software TNTmips, shows Kappa of 86.29% to the Brás district, 89.41% to Mooca and 89.25% to Belém; and the overall accuracy presented 88.53% to Brás, 91.85% to Mooca and 90.25% to Belém - results considered excellent. So, this paper contributes with the presentation of new study possibilities over brownfields, taking advantage of the geotechnologies and high resolution spatial imagery potentialities to the intra-urban analysis. Beside this, the analyzes issues on this research indicate theoretical and methodological ways to a better comprehension of these areas and to the quest for more adequate interventions, seeking to solve urban problems.

This thesis investigated multispectral detection of the invasive floating macrophyte, European Frog-bit, using Quickbird imagery and fuzzy image classification. To determine if the spectral signature of European Frog-bit were separable from other wetland vegetation, a species level land cover classification was conducted on a 6km section of the South Nation River in Ontario, Canada. Supervised and unsupervised imagery classification approaches were evaluated using the fuzzy classifiers, Fuzzy Segmentation for Object Based Image Classification (FS) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). Both approaches were sufficiently robust to detect European Frog-bit. User’s and producer’s accuracies for the European Frog-bit class were 81.0% and 77.9% for the FS classifier and 63.5% and 73.0% for the FCM classifier. These accuracies indicated that the spectral signature of EFB was sufficiently different to permit detection and separation from other wetland vegetation and fuzzy image classifiers were capable of detecting EFB in Quickbird imagery.

This thesis investigated multispectral detection of the invasive floating macrophyte, European Frog-bit, using Quickbird imagery and fuzzy image classification. To determine if the spectral signature of European Frog-bit were separable from other wetland vegetation, a species level land cover classification was conducted on a 6km section of the South Nation River in Ontario, Canada. Supervised and unsupervised imagery classification approaches were evaluated using the fuzzy classifiers, Fuzzy Segmentation for Object Based Image Classification (FS) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). Both approaches were sufficiently robust to detect European Frog-bit. User’s and producer’s accuracies for the European Frog-bit class were 81.0% and 77.9% for the FS classifier and 63.5% and 73.0% for the FCM classifier. These accuracies indicated that the spectral signature of EFB was sufficiently different to permit detection and separation from other wetland vegetation and fuzzy image classifiers were capable of detecting EFB in Quickbird imagery.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Herstellung eines Satellitenbildmosaiks von Palpa (Peru) mit Daten des Satelliten QuickBird. Die zur Verfügung gestellten Kartenmaterialien werden hinsichtlich ihrer Genauigkeit untersucht. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich weiterhin mit dem zur Verfügung gestellten digitalen Geländemodell (SRTM-Daten). Als Ergebnis wird ein umfangreiches Kartenmaterial präsentiert, welches zur GPS Messgrundlage in Palpa dienen soll.

The Cienega de Santa Clara is a 5600 ha, anthropogenic wetland in the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico. It is the inadvertent creation of the disposal of brackish agricultural waste water from the U.S. into the intertidal zone of the river delta in Mexico, but has become an internationally important wetland for resident and migratory water birds. The marsh is dominated by Typha domengensis with Phragmites australis as a sub-dominant species in shallower marsh areas. The most important factor controlling vegetation density was fire. The second significant (P<0.01) factor controlling NDVI was flow rate of agricultural drain water from the U.S. into the marsh. Reduced summer flows in 2001 due to canal repairs, and in 2010 during the YDP test run, produced the two lowest NDVI values of the time series from 2000 to 2011 (P<0.05). Salinity is a further determinant of vegetation dynamics as determined by greenhouse experiments, but was nearly constant over the period 2000 to 2011, so it was not a significant variable in regression analyses. Evapotranspiration (ET) and other water balance components were measured in Cienega de Santa Clara; we used a remote sensing algorithm to estimate ET from meteorological data and Enhanced Vegetation Index values from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra satellite. We used Landsat NDVI imagery from 1978-2011 to determine the area and intensity of vegetation and to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) to construct a water balance. Remote sensing data was supplemented with hydrological data, site surveys and literature citations. The vegetated area increased from 1978 to 1995 and has been constant at about 4200 ha since then. The dominant vegetation type is Typha domingensis (southern cattail), and peak summer NDVI since 1995 has been stable at 0.379 (SD = 0.016), about half of NDVI(max). About 30% of the inflow water is consumed in ET, with the remainder exiting the Cienega as outflow water, mainly during winter months when T. domingensis is dormant.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis assesses the performance of the Naval Postgraduate School Aerosol Optical Depth (NPS AOD) model utilizing very high spatial resolution QuickBird (QB) satellite data. QuickBird derived AOD results are compared to other satellite and ground based AOD results, specifically, AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Data is collected around Sir Bu Nuair Island, United Arab Emirates in September 2004 as part of the UAE2 Campaign. Satellite measured radiances are calibrated and due to spatial resolution differences between sensors, modal radiances are calculated for areas matching the highest resolution sensor. The AOD model is based on AVHRR wavelengths; hence, the modal satellite measured radiances are linearly extrapolated to the effective wavelengths of AVHRR. Results show application of the NPS AOD model to QuickBird data yields findings that are consistent with other satellite and ground based retrievals. In general, the NPS AOD model works well for nadir and near-nadir view angles, but not for high zenith angles. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_ha_me_ilha.pdf: 838869 bytes, checksum: fc8d0bce1dafbf9d2a62ce5729797a13 (MD5) / É inquestionável a degradação de mananciais devido à erosão e a poluição, decorrentes do desenvolvimento econômico. Estes fatos são caracterizados pelo mau planejamento dos recursos naturais, tanto em propriedades isoladas como nas microbacias. Como conseqüência, o impacto sócio-ambiental atraído pelos problemas de poluição e acúmulo de macrofitas e assoreamento das microbacias, leva a própria destruição da drenagem. Neste sentido este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar a fisiografia e alguns atributos físicos e químicos dos principais solos de uma microbacia na cidade de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo. Este estudo dará subsídios para a identificação de áreas de riscos quanto à erosão e poluição dos mananciais de água e do atual estágio de degradação dos solos que compõem a microbacia. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite de alta resolução 0,6 m Quickbird e o programa SPRING versão 4.3 para caracterização fisiográfica da microbacia e mapeamento dos solos. Utilizando a metodologia de topossequência em relação a vertente, em 5 transetos com pontos locados no sentido do espigão até a foz, foram realizadas coletas de amostras de solo para análise granulométrica, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, pH, matéria orgânica, fósforo e cátions trocáveis, em duas profundidades (0,00–0,10 e 0,10–0,20 m). Também foi realizada a medição da taxa de infiltração de água do solo. Realizou-se a estatística descritiva para a análise dos resultados encontrados. Os solos representativos da microbacia estudada foram: Latossolo Vermelho distrófico e Argissolo Vermelho- Amarelo eutrófico; a Microbacia do Jardim Novo Horizonte apresenta relevo com cotas que variam de 280 a 370 m, rede de drenagem dendrítica e a ocupação mais representativa da área é com pastagem; o Latossolo Vermelho apresentou-se com condições físicas mais... / There is no doubt the fountain degradation of due to erosion and pollution resulting from economic development. These facts are characterized by poor planning of natural resources, both in individual properties as in watersheds. In consequence the social and environmental impact attracted the problems with pollution and accumulation of macrophytes and silting of watersheds, leads the very destruction of drainage. The work aimed to characterize the physiography, some physical and chemical attributes from the mains soils of a watershed the city of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. This study will provide subsidies for the identification areas of risk as to erosion and pollution of water sources and the current stage of degradation that make up the watershed. Satellite imagery was use of high-resolution 0.6 m Quickbird and the program SPRING version 4.3 for physiographic characterization of watershed mapping of soils. Using the methodology of topography regarding instance, on 5 points with transect leased to the jetty to the mouth, were made of soil samples for analysis texture, macro, micro and total porosity, pH, organic matter, P e exchangeable cations, in two depths (0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m). It was also performed to measure the soil water infiltration. There was the descriptive statistics for the analysis of findings. The representative soil were: Oxisol and Alfisol; the altitude variation was 280 to 370 m, the drainage type is dendritica and the more soil use is with pasture; the physical conditions were more deteriorated in Oxisol when use the water infiltration rate quality indicator; the physical conditions for Alfisol were better in areas planted with tree species, compared with horticulture; the physical and chemical attributes variability were higher in the Oxisol compared to Alfisol.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Herstellung eines Satellitenbildmosaiks von Palpa (Peru) mit Daten des Satelliten QuickBird. Die zur Verfügung gestellten Kartenmaterialien werden hinsichtlich ihrer Genauigkeit untersucht. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich weiterhin mit dem zur Verfügung gestellten digitalen Geländemodell (SRTM-Daten). Als Ergebnis wird ein umfangreiches Kartenmaterial präsentiert, welches zur GPS Messgrundlage in Palpa dienen soll.