Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Michigan University, 2006.

Thesis--Indiana University, 1976. / "77-10,977." Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 470-485).

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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Charles Upchurch, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 7, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 78 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. / "June 2006." AD-A451 756. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The literature on migration has typically described those who have migrated out of necessity as being in some form of exile, longing to return to their homeland. Traditionally, it has been applied to first-generation immigrants who strongly identify with their homeland and feel like an “outsider” in their country of settlement. However, there has been little attention paid to generation 1.5 immigrants, those who migrated during childhood or early adolescence. This thesis seeks to explore the settlement experiences of 10 generation 1.5 Afghans. I argue these individuals engage in homemaking strategies as a way to negotiate their identity and belonging in Canada, while also challenging the boundaries of belonging in order to gain full citizenship.

yes / The Afghan conflict changed significantly after the Soviet withdrawal and especially after the collapse of the communist regime in April 1992. External support, which at some point had been running to the tune of $3 billion a year to all sides, rapidly faded and the military commanders increasingly faced the problem of how to fund their armies in the face of a declining propensity of the civilian population to contribute to the war effort. The hold of the parties based in Pakistan and Iran over the field commanders rapidly weakened, even if some of the political leaders had been forward looking enough to accumulate financial resources through the hoarding of military supplies, which were then sold on the black market. The partial financial autonomy of some political leaders of the jihadi movement was not enough to stem the tide towards weaker and weaker links between parties and commanders, not least because the parties were reluctant to spend whatever resources they had accumulated, lest they lose their leverage in the future.

Les trois millions immigrés afghans en Iran vivent temporairement ou non, légalement ou clandestinement, en situation d’isolement, de groupe, de famille et dans des zones permises. Ce problème migratoire nous amène à nous poser les questions suivantes: 1.Quels sont ces facteurs attractifs en Iran qui provoquent donc l’un des plus grands mouvements migratoires contemporains, malgré des difficultés du voyage et des restrictions existantes sur la terre d’accueil? 2.A quels changements aspirent-t-ils dans leur déplacement ? Comment parviennent-ils à réaliser leurs rêves? 3.Et quelles étapes concrètes et mentales ont-ils traversées pour réaliser leur but ? C’est pour répondre à toutes ces questions que nous avons mené une enquête anthropologique à la suite d’une étude ethnographique pour ensuite en tirer des conclusions. Le premier volet de cette enquête concerne les quatre histoires de vie dont une intégrale. Ainsi, cette partie descriptive va porter sur la migration des Afghans. La deuxième partie va traiter du mode de vie matérielle, au travers de cinq chapitres : L’espace de vie, De l'hygiène corporelle au bien-être psychologique, L’alimentation, L’habillement, L’emploi. Et une troisième partie qui au travers de quatre chapitres va couvrir les liens socio-culturels de cette population : La langue, l’identité et la hiérarchie sociale, Les relations de parenté, Faire des études, Les activités du temps libre. En effet, ces deux parties, vont porter sur les deux volets principaux de la vie de toute immigration où qu’elle ait lieu : à savoir d’une part, les problèmes de « survie » et d’autre part, les aspects relationnels et communicationnels de la « vie ». / Afghan immigrants in Iran represent about 4 % of the population, live temporarily or not, legally or illegally, in isolation, group, family and allowable and more urban than rural areas.This migration problem leads us to ask the following questions:1. What are these pull factors in Iran thus cause one of the biggest contemporary migratory movements, despite the difficulties of travel and existing restrictions on home soil?2. What changes do they aspire in their movement? How do they manage to achieve their dreams?3. And what concrete steps have mental and they crossed to reach their goal?To answer to these questions we have to conduct an anthropological investigation following by an ethnographic study of long then draw conclusions. The first part concerns the life story of four with an integral. Thus, the descriptive part will focus on the migration of Afghans.The second part will deal with the mode of material life of immigrants, through five chapters : The living space, From personal hygiene to the psychological well-being, Food, The cleverly, Employment.And a third party through four chapters will cover the socio- cultural ties of the population: Language, identity and the social hierarchy, Kinship, Studying, The activities of free time.Indeed, both parties will be focused on two main aspects of the life of any immigration where it takes place: namely the one hand, the problems of "survival" and secondly, the relational aspects communicational and "life.”

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