Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Groot hoeveelheid navorsing is die afgelope paar dekades gedoen oor aanleerderwoordeboeke as tipologiese woordeboekonderafdeling. Ondanks al hierdie navorsing is die rol van aanleerderwoordeboeke in tersiêre taalleer met nultaalsprekers as teikengroep nog nie naastenby na behore ondersoek nie. Navorsing toon dat ’n goed gekose woordeboek, naas die opvoedkundige, ’n belangrike hulpmiddel is om die taalverwerwingsproses te verryk. Daar bestaan tans nie ’n eentalige of tweetalige aanleerderwoordeboek wat spesifiek gerig is op nultaalsprekers wat Afrikaans op tersiêre vlak aanleer nie. Taalverwerwingsdosente en taalfasiliteerders moet dus die gaping ten beste probeer vul deur woordeboeke soos Pharos se Aanleerderswoordeboek vir skole/Learner’s dictionary for schools en Longman-HAT se Afrikaans Dictionary and Grammar for English speakers vir hierdie aanleerders voor te skryf. Die hoofdoelwitte van hierdie studie kan soos volg opgesom word: om die mate te meet waarin hierdie “kompenserende” woordeboeke die leksikografiese behoeftes van nultaalsprekers op tersiêre vlak bevredig, om terugvoer van die teikengebruikers self te kry en om voorstelle te maak vir die moontlike samestelling van ’n aanleerderwoordeboek vir nultaalsprekers wat Afrikaans as derde of verdere taal op universiteitsvlak aanleer. Die studie is aanvanklik uitgevoer met die Funksieteorie as uitgangspunt, maar ook later gekombineer met die Algemene Teorie van Leksikografie, byvoorbeeld Wiegand (1998), as raamwerk. Taalverwerwingskursusse verskil van universiteit tot universiteit en dus is slegs die algemene en belangrikste leksikografiese behoeftes van hierdie nultaalsprekers bepaal. Die rede vir die analisering van hierdie spesifieke twee woordeboeke is omdat dit onderskeidelik voorgeskryf word by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en die Nelson Mandela Metropolitaanse Universiteit. Die mate waarin ’n spesifieke woordeboek voldoen aan die bevrediging van ’n sekere teikengroep se leksikografiese behoeftes word nie slegs deur die leksikograaf bepaal nie, maar ook deur die teikengebruiker. Die huidige woordeboekkultuur is vasgestel deur die Nasionale Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (NKAV), wat tans in die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolsisteem gevolg word, onder die vergrootglas te bring. Op grond hiervan word voorstelle vir formele woordeboekonderrig op universiteitsvlak gemaak, wat beide algemene en spesifieke woordeboekonderrig insluit. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A great amount of research has been done during the past few decades on the typological dictionary subsection of learner’s dictionaries. Despite all of this research, the role of learner’s dictionaries in tertiary language teaching with foreign learners as the target group has not been researched quite enough. Research shows that a well-chosen dictionary is the next best resource after the facilitator to enchance the language learning process. There are currently no monolingual or bilingual learner’s dictionaries specifically targeting foreign learners who are learning Afrikaans at a tertiary level. Educators and facilitators must thus compensate by prescribing learner’s dictionaries such as Pharos’s Aanleerderswoordeboek vir skole/Learner’s dictionary for schools and Longman-HAT’s Afrikaans Dictionary and Grammar for English speakers for these learners. The main goals of the undertaken study can be summarized as follows: to measure to what extent these types of “compensating” dictionaries can succeed in satisfying the lexicographical needs of foreign learners at a tertiary level, to get feedback from the target users themselves and to make suggestions for the possible composition of a learner’s dictionary for foreign students learning Afrikaans as third language at university level. The study was initially conducted using the Function Theory as point of departure, and later combined with the General Theory of Lexicography, e.g. Wiegand (1998), as framework. Language acquisition courses differ from university to university and thus only the general, most important lexicographical needs of these foreign learners were determined. The reason for the analyses of these specific two learner’s dictionaries is because they are prescribed for foreign students learning Afrikaans as third language respectively at, the University of Stellenbosch and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The degree to which a certain dictionary succeeds in satisfying the lexicographical needs of a specific target group does not only depend on the lexicographer, but also on the target group itself. The current dictionary culture in South Africa was brought to light through reviewing the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS), which is currently being followed in the South African school system. On this basis, suggestions are made for formal dictionary education at tertiary level which includes general and specific dictionary education.

No description available.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries should have a decoding as well as an encoding function. Decoding dictionaries want to assist the user in interpreting the language, while encoding dictionaries want to help the user with the usage of the language. The present role of a bilingual or translation dictionary has to change from that of supplying only translation equivalents to one of supplying a more comprehensive data presentation. This should also include additional semantic and pragmatic information. The main aim of a bilingual dictionary should not only be the establishment of a relation of semantic equivalence between source and target language, but also reaching communicative equivalence in the process. This means that the user must be able to find the applicable equivalent of the source language item in the target language. One of the best ways for a lexicographer to test the communicative aptness of a given translation equivalent, is by means of the reversibility principle. It means that lexical item A, included as translation equivalent of lemma B in the X-section of a bidirectional translation dictionary, has to be included as a lemma in the Y-section ofthe dictionary with at least the lexical item B, the relevant lemma from the X-section, as one of its translation equivalents. Each lexical item included as a translation equivalent in the Y-section has to be included as the lemma in the X-section of the dictionary with at least the respective lemma from the Ysection as a translation equivalent. This thesis tries to show how, if not adhered to the above principles, an inferior product can be the result of many hours of painstaking work. The main problematic areas are inter alia those of labels, spelling inconsistencies and an absence of translation equivalents. However, some of the less obvious problematic areas are also touched upon. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke behoort 'n dekoderende sowel as 'n enkoderende funksie te hê. Dekoderende woordeboeke moet die gebruiker help om die taal te interpreteer, terwyl enkoderende woordeboeke die gebruiker moet help met die gebruik van 'n woodeboek. Die huidige rol van 'n tweetalige ofvertalende woordeboek moet verander van een wat slegs vertalingsekwivalente verskaf, na een met meer omvattende data. 'n Tweetalige woordeboek behoort nie slegs die gebruiker van vertalingsekwivalente te voorsien nie, maar behoort ook addisionele semantiese en pragmatiese inligting in te sluit. Een van die beste maniere vir 'n leksikograaf om die kommunikatiewe geskiktheid van 'n gegewe vertalingsekwivalent te toets, is deur middel van die omkeerbaarheidsbeginsel. Hiermee word bedoel dat leksikale item A, wat ingesluit is as 'n vertalingsekwivalent van lemma B in the X-seksie van 'n tweerigtingwoordeboek, ook ingesluit moet word as 'n lemma in die Y-seksie van die woordeboek met ten minste the leksikale item B, die relevante lemma van die X-seksie, as een van sy vertalingsekwivalente. Hierdie tesis gaan aandui hoe, wanneer daar nie aan hierdie vereistes voldoen word nie, 'n minderwaardige produk die resultaat is van baie ure se harde werk. Die hoofareas onder bespreking is onder meer etikette, Spellingonreëlmatighede en die afwesigheid van vertalingsekwivalente. Daar word egter ook aandag geskenk aan probleme wat nie op so 'n groot skaal voor kom nie.

M.A. / The objectives of the study was the treatment of needlework terms in four Afrikaans monolingual dictionaries, viz. Nasionale Woordeboek (NAS), Verklarende Afrikaanse Woordeboek (VAW), Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (VAW) and the exhaustive Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT). Chapter 1 focused on the semantic description of needlework terms. For this purpose definition types such as descriptive, genus-differentia, synonym, circular, extensional, genetic, functional and antonym definitions were distinguished. Polysemy and a separation in homonyms were also considered. Needlework terminology as a semantic field was introduced in Chapter 2 and a list of terms given in Appendix A. A distinction was made between terms referring specifically to needlework and more general vocabulary items also applicable to needlework. The vast majority of the terms were found to be nouns, the remainder being verbs and adjectives. A small number of needlework terms were found to be compounds and derivations. The main thrust of the study was Chapter 3, in which a semantic analysis of definitions was made with reference to the definition types distinguished earlier on. The genusdifferentia definition was found to be the type most commonly employed. It was moreover found that the differentia in particular could itself be analysed in other definition types. One or more synonyms formed a separate part of the semantic description. The occurrence of the various definition types as they were distributed amongst the various dictionaries, was expressed in a number of tables. No significant difference was found between the dictionaries as far a preference for a specific definition type is concerned. A number of microstructural elements, such as morphological and syntactic information, labels, etymological information and illustrative examples, and idioms containing needlework terms, were discussed in Chapter 4, and the idioms listed in Appendix B. The labels were found to be of two types, viz. subject and stylistic labels. The latter was limited to ongewoon ('uncommon'), while the former could refer to needlework, embroidery, knitting and textile usages.

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans Language))--University of Stellenbosch, 1990. / 199 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-187. Includes bibliography. Digitized using a Bizhub 250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR). / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An evaluation of semantic information in a dictionary must take into account all aspects of meaning of lexical items. Therefore the different homonyms and polysemous senses of lexical items and the underlying semantic relations between lexical items are accounted for. A description should be given of the lexical items which form the macrostructure of HAT. These lexical items include sublexical, multilexical and free lexical items. The treatment of multilexical items in HAT is not satisfactory at present and suggestions are made for the improvement of the situation. Possible solutions for distinguishing between homonymy and polysemy are given. Suggestions to determine the possible polysemous senses of a lexical item are also made. The ordering of polysemous senses and different homonyms are discussed. It is essential to make use of a synchronic criterion to distinguish between homonymy and polysemy. The HAT's treatment of semantic relations between lexical items is not always very succesfull. The semantic relation which receives the most substantial treatment is that of semantic inclusion between lexical items. The HAT's treatment of synonyms is not without problems. More attention should be given to semantic linking and semantic opposition between lexical items. An evaluation of the system of cross-references in HAT is given, with special reference to the function of cross-references. Sometimes indistinct typographical conventions are used and they confuse the user of the dictionary. The indistinct use of typographical conventions has a detrimental influence on the transfer of information. The cross-reference system of HAT can be improved by an informative explanation in the general introduction, focusing on ways and means to use it more specifically, unambiguously and consistently. A distinction is made between various types of definitions used to define lemmas. Well known lexicographic definitions such as definitions per genus et differentia, synonymdefinitions, example definitions, circular definitions and descriptive definitions are discussed. The usage definition and two definitions which explicate a semantic plus value, the contrast and diminutive definitions, are identified. Attention is also given to the role of the general introduction in a standard synchronic dictionary. Suggestions are made to improve the general introduction of HAT. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer semantiese inligting in 'n woordeboek ondersoek word, word alle aspekte van leksikale items se betekenis in ag geneem. Dit sluit homonimiese vorme en polisemiese onderskeidinge van leksikale items in, asook die semantiese betrekkinge wat leksikale items onderling met mekaar aangaan. Die leksikale items wat die makrostruktuur van die HAT vorm, word beskryf. Dit sluit subleksikale, multileksikale en vrye leksikale items in. Verskillende tipes multileksikale en subleksikale items word onderskei. Tans word multileksikale items in HAT nie na wense hanteer nie en voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen hoe die stelsel verbeter kan word. Moontlike oplossings vir die onderskeidingsprobleem tussen homonimie en polisemie, asook maniere waarop 'n leksikale item se polisemiese onderskeidinge vasgestel kan word, word verskaf. Aandag word ook aan die ordening van polisemiese onderskeidinge en homonimiese vorme gegee. Dit is belangrik dat 'n sinchroniese maatstaf gebruik word om tussen homonimie en polisemie te onderskei. Semantiese betrekkinge tussen leksikale items word met 'n wisselende mate van sukses deur HAT hanteer. Semantiese insluiting tussen leksikale items word die meeste beskryf. Daar bestaan egter probleme by die hantering van sinonimie tussen leksikale items. Semantiese aansluiting tussen leksikale items word min deur die woordeboek aangedui. Semantiese opposisie tussen leksikale items kan ook meer deur die HAT aangedui word. Die kruisverwysingstelsel van die HAT word ondersoek. Funksies van kruisverwysings word beskryf. Kruisverwysings word wel deur die HAT redaksie gebruik, maar hulle kan nog meer gebruik word. Soms word onduidelike tipografiese konvensies gebruik en dit het swak inligtingsoordrag tot gevolg. Die kruisverwysingstelsel van die HAT kan verbeter word deur dit in die toeligtende aantekeninge te verduidelik, spesifiek en ondubbelsinnig toe te pas en deur dit konsekwent te gebruik. Verskillende tipes definisies waarmee leksikale items gedefinieer word, word onderskei. Bekende leksikografiese definisies soos genus-differentia-definisies, sinoniemdefinisies, voorbeelddefinisies, sirkeldefinisies en deskriptiewe definisies word bespreek. Die gebruiksdefinisie en twee definsies wat semantiese pluswaardes ekspliseer, naamlik die teenstellingsdefinisie en die verkleiningsdefinisie,word geidentifiseer. Die rol van toeligtende aantekeninge in 'n handwoordeboek word bespreek. Daar word gewys op die swak toeligtende aantekeninge van die HAT. Voorstelle word gedoen oor hoe die hantering van semantiese inligting in die toeligtende aantekeninge verduidelik moet.