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The purpose of this study was to describe current tube feeding knowledge and practices to target appropriate quality improvement interventions. This study was important because literature has demonstrated gaps in nurses' knowledge and practice in this area. The Synergy model of patient care was used as a conceptual basis for this study. Two data collection methods were used. A quantitative descriptive survey of nurses, using a questionnaire to collect information about knowledge and practice was undertaken concurrently with a retrospective review of case files between June and July, 2010. Ethical approval was sought from the relevant authorities. The whole population of nurses available was used, and a sample of 51 nurses that met the inclusion criteria responded to the questionnaire (100% response rate). A total of 78 eligible case files were reviewed using a checklist. SPSS Version 15 was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that most nurses (98%) had received tube feeding training while at college. However, nearly the same number of nurses (96%) reported having received no in-service training on tube feeding. The findings showed variability in the levels of knowledge. Furthermore, the use of outdated method, to confirm proper tube placement was reported. The majority of respondents reported that they document the care given, but this was not evident in the review of the case files. Environmental aspects such as tube/feed shortage, lack of guidelines and patients/ guardian refusal of tube feeding were reported as common problems affecting nurses' practice. The standards for tube feeding suggested from literature are not attained. The characteristics of a nurse and the environment of care have an implication in tube feeding practices and can ultimately help to eliminate the gap in practice. The nurses' current knowledge and practice is a cause for concern. Recommendations include education, evidence based protocols and other efforts to improve tube feeding practice. / Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825588_20160425.pdf: 531180 bytes, checksum: bcff3ca8530ed3298e5cefa9d3c35184 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-04-25T15:55:56Z: 000825588_20160425.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-25T15:56:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825588.pdf: 1146710 bytes, checksum: a7cb967f34f08fb92600baccf707e15b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As pesquisas relacionadas ao envelhecimento são crescentes em todo mundo em decorrência do aumento da população idosa, fato este que traz consequências para a sociedade, necessitando, para o enfrentamento deste desafio, da identificação das causas determinantes das condições de vida dos idosos. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a associação entre o estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e a capacidade funcional de idosos. Para isso foram avaliados 365 idosos do município de Botucatu-SP. Para a avaliação da capacidade funcional foi aplicado o Índice de Katz e a Escala de Lawton, que avaliam as Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD) e Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD) respectivamente. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada pela obtenção de variáveis antropométricas e a avaliação do consumo alimentar, pela aplicação de três recordatórios de 24 horas. Os dados de consumo foram calculados por meio do programa Nutrition Data System - Research e para a análise da adequação foi utilizado o método National Cancer Institute. Os idosos foram caracterizados ainda quanto aos dados sociodemográficos. Foi encontrado que 62,6% dos idosos eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 72,11 anos (DP= 7,35), casados, com ensino fundamental e aposentados. As enfermidades mais referidas foram hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, hipercolesterolemia, oesteoporose, problemas cardiovasculares e distúrbios da tireóide. Quanto à capacidade funcional, foi observado que 89,9% e 67,6% dos idosos eram totalmente independentes para AVD e AIVD, respectivamente. Grande parte (45,71%) dos idosos foi classificada com excesso de peso. Foram encontradas associações negativas significantes entre Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência do braço, circunferência abdominal e atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Os dados revelaram que os idosos com baixo peso têm maior risco de declínio ...

Orientador: José Eduardo Corrente / Banca: Silvia Justina Papini / Banca: Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan / Banca: Luis Carlos Giarola / Banca: Erick do Prado Oliveira / Banca: Luciene de Souza Venâncio Lotufo Brant / Resumo: As pesquisas relacionadas ao envelhecimento são crescentes em todo mundo em decorrência do aumento da população idosa, fato este que traz consequências para a sociedade, necessitando, para o enfrentamento deste desafio, da identificação das causas determinantes das condições de vida dos idosos. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a associação entre o estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e a capacidade funcional de idosos. Para isso foram avaliados 365 idosos do município de Botucatu-SP. Para a avaliação da capacidade funcional foi aplicado o Índice de Katz e a Escala de Lawton, que avaliam as Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD) e Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD) respectivamente. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada pela obtenção de variáveis antropométricas e a avaliação do consumo alimentar, pela aplicação de três recordatórios de 24 horas. Os dados de consumo foram calculados por meio do programa Nutrition Data System - Research e para a análise da adequação foi utilizado o método National Cancer Institute. Os idosos foram caracterizados ainda quanto aos dados sociodemográficos. Foi encontrado que 62,6% dos idosos eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 72,11 anos (DP= 7,35), casados, com ensino fundamental e aposentados. As enfermidades mais referidas foram hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, hipercolesterolemia, oesteoporose, problemas cardiovasculares e distúrbios da tireóide. Quanto à capacidade funcional, foi observado que 89,9% e 67,6% dos idosos eram totalmente independentes para AVD e AIVD, respectivamente. Grande parte (45,71%) dos idosos foi classificada com excesso de peso. Foram encontradas associações negativas significantes entre Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência do braço, circunferência abdominal e atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Os dados revelaram que os idosos com baixo peso têm maior risco de declínio ... / Abstract: Not available / Doutor

The nutrition education component of the Virginia Agency on Aging congregate meal program of both rural and urban sites was studied. The focus of the study was the frequency of formal nutrition education, the source of the nutrition information received, the type of educational techniques that appeared to be most successful, the nutrition education background of the person offering the educational lesson, and whether or not there was positive response in dietary changes as a result of the nutrition education. A questionnaire distributed by mail was completed by 121 congregate meal sites throughout the Commonwealth. Analysis of all components revealed no significant difference between the nutrition education received in rural and urban sites in Virginia. Most meal sites received nutrition education at least once a month. The attendance rate by the seniors was the same as the attendance rate of other educational programs as reported in 80 percent of the meal sites. Most sites used materials the employee classified as professional sources. The study indicated that 77 percent of the site employees perceived an improvement in the dietary habits of the elderly as the result of the nutrition education provided by the congregate meal program. / Master of Science

Fifty twelve-month female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study a lysine requirement for tissue maintenance. Animals were randomly assigned into five groups with dietary lysine levels ranging from 0.097 to 0.317 percent and fed for 60 days. Liver composition and carcass composition were determined, and a lysine requirement was also predicted. Results showed that the group fed 0.317 percent lysine had significantly increased liver fat content and decreased protein content. Neither liver moisture content nor total liver nitrogen content was related to dietary lysine levels. There was no significant finding on the analysis of carcass composition. The data indicated that the mature rat had a requirement for lysine lower than 0.097 percent in the diet. It was suggested that either adequate lysine was provided by wheat gluten in the diet, or the mature rat did not require lysine in order to maintain tissue level of protein. In future studies, it was necessary to use a diet with lysine levels lower than 0.097 percent to determine the minimum lysine requirement, and a concurrent baseline group for comparison with the treatment animals. / M.S.

M. Tech. (Department of Hospitality, Faculty of Human Sciences) Vaal University of Technology / Introduction: The education, training and development (ETD) industry has developed fast over the past few years in our country. One need only read the national weekend papers and see all the ETD vacancies advertised to realise that ETD issues are being given increased coverage in this country. The reason for this increased focus on ETD is the need for skilled workers in organisations. Reports on our competitiveness in the world have consistently identified the lack of people development as a major stumbling block for the South African economy in competing in the global market. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to measure the impact of a training programme for the food service workers providing meals to 300 elderly people attending the Sharpeville Care of the Aged centre, in terms of a skills development programme, in order to contribute to increased productivity and provide nutritious meals to the elderly. Methods: A baseline survey was undertaken to determine the nutritional status, food consumption patterns and nutrient intake in a random sample of 300 elderly people attending the care centre five days a week. Socio-demographic and health questionnaires, as well as 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed with the assistance of trained fieldworkers. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference. Furthermore, the existing menus served to the elderly were theoretically analysed using FoodFinder® version 3 program to determine the energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat content. A developed and tested questionnaire was used to gather information from ten volunteer food service workers at the care centre to determine the training needs. The results of the baseline survey, the menu analysis and training needs assessment were used to develop a training programme that was implemented for a period of ten weeks. Learning was measured after the training programme by administering the same knowledge questionnaire, as well as by a portfolio of evidence and practical assessment. Data analyses: Data for the baseline survey was captured on an Excel spreadsheet. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 10.0 program for all variables except dietary intake data. Dietary intake and food consumption data were analysed by a registered dietician using the FoodFinder® version 3 program, developed by the Medical Research Council (MRC). Daily nutrient intakes were reported as means and standard deviations and compared to RDAs. Paired t tests were done to determine correlations between knowledge of the food service workers before and after the implementation of the training programme. Results: The results indicated that the majority of the elderly had an income of between R500 and R1 000 per month and most of them reported an occasional lack of funds to meet basic household needs, confirming the presence of food insecurity. Daily dietary intakes (mean ±Standard Deviation [SD] were 5 041,2 ± 2 299,6 kilojoules (kJ) energy, 50,4 ± 28,2 gram (g) protein, 38,9 ± 28,2 g fat and 149,0 ± 76,6 g carbohydrates. The majority (29.5%) were overweight (body mass index [BMI] ~25) or obese (BMI ~30) whilst 33.5% had a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of ~21.7 centimetres (em). Mean intakes of micronutrients were low in comparison with the reference standards. The volunteer food service workers were literate as the majority had higher than grade 10-12 training and 80% had previously received on-the-job training. The training programme was successfully implemented and the knowledge of the voluntary food service workers improved after the training programme was implemented. However, because of the small sample size no significance could be determined. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirmed that poverty, malnutrition, both under- and over-nutrition, as well as household food insecurity and poor health were the major problems observed in this elderly community. These findings correspond to other studies, however limited, conducted amongst the elderly in South Africa. The results indicated that, although the food service workers were literate and had received prior training, they still had a poor knowledge of appropriate food preparation method and practices, as well as nutrition, especially related to the elderly. On completion of the training programme, the knowledge of the food service workers improved. This study emphasises the importance of continued on-the-job training Recommendations: The recommendations of further research include: 1) A more detailed study to evaluate the influence of the training programme not only on knowledge and skills, but also on behaviour and attitude. 2) Periodically measuring such influence over a year to measure knowledge retention. 3) Implementation of a NEP for the elderly and its impact on nutrition knowledge and dietary intake behaviour tested. / National Research Foundation (NRF