by Lily Choy & George Tam. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 43-44. / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background of Europe 1992 --- p.1 / Agricultural Technologies --- p.3 / The 'AgriSorb' Product --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY / RESEARCH APPROACH / Assess Market Demands --- p.6 / Analyze the Current Market Situation --- p.6 / Identify the Product --- p.7 / Evaluate Demand of Technology and Steps of Development --- p.7 / "Examine the Commercialization, Market, and Financial Aspects" --- p.7 / Future Directions for Research and Business Activities --- p.8 / Chapter III. --- MARKETING THEORY AND CONCEPTS / "What is ""Selling"" ？" --- p.9 / "What is ""Marketing"" ？" --- p.10 / Selling Versus Marketing --- p.10 / Chapter IV. --- POTENTIAL MARKETS OF 'AGRISORB' / AgriSorb As a Substrate for Seed Germination --- p.13 / AgriSorb to Cap Landfills --- p.15 / "AgriSorb for Mining Ponds, Landscape, and Grasslands" --- p.15 / AgriSorb for Tree Planting --- p.15 / AgriSorb for Nurseries and Greenhouses --- p.16 / Savings and Benefits of AgriSorb --- p.16 / Chapter V. --- THE EC MARKET / The European Community (EC) --- p.18 / Milestones Toward a Unified Europe --- p.19 / The Institutions --- p.22 / The World's Markets after 1992 --- p.26 / Chapter VI. --- FRANCE / Farming Conditions in the European Community (EC) --- p.29 / Choosing a Pilot Country from the European Community (EC) --- p.30 / Farming Conditions in France --- p.31 / Chapter VII. --- MARKETING APPROACH IN THE MARKET OF FRANCE / Product Testing --- p.35 / Annual Agricultural Exhibition --- p.36 / Initial Target Market --- p.37 / Selling and Promotion --- p.39 / Chapter VIII. --- FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND BUSINESS / Business Opportunities in Other EC Countries --- p.40 / Business Opportunities Outside the European Community (EC) --- p.41 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.43 / APPENDIX --- p.45 / FIGURES - MAPS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (EC) --- p.46

Quizalofop-p-ethyl is a herbicide introduced in the mid 1980's with apparent low toxicity and is readily degradable.Quizalofop-p-ethyl is a member of the aryloxyphenoxypropionate group of herbicides and is a postemergence herbicide used for pulses (including soybean) and vegetables. The aim of the project discussed in this study is to develop an analytical method for the sensitive and reliable determination of quizalofop-p-ethyl and quizalofop acid in soybean using HPLC. Soybean is chosen as a typical agricultural crop. It has 15 to 20 percent oil content and is a crop which has been successfully used with theis herbicide.Two different methods of extraction, i.e. the solvent-solvent extraction method and solid phase extraction method, and clean up are discussed in some detail. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Steroid hormones, such as estrogen, are produced in one tissue and carried through the blood stream to target tissues in which they bind to highly specific nuclear receptors and trigger changes in gene expression and metabolism. Industrial chemicals, such as bisphenol A and many agricultural chemicals, including permethrin and fervalerate, are known to have estrogenic potential and therefore are estrogen mimics. Widely used agricultural chemicals, Enable (fungicide) and Diazinon (insecticide), were evaluated to examine their toxicity and estrogenicity. MCF-7 cells, an estrogen-dependent human breast cancer line, were utilized for this purpose. MCF-7 cells were treated with 0.033-3.3 ppb (ng/ml) of Enable and 0.3-67 ppm of Diazinon and gene expression was compared to that in untreated cells. Microarray analysis showed down-regulation of eight genes and up-regulation of thirty four genes in cells treated with 3.3 ppb of Enable, compared to untreated cells. Similarly, in cells treated with 67 ppm of Diazinon, there were three genes down-regulated and twenty seven genes up-regulated. For both chemicals, specific genes were selected for special consideration. RT-PCR confirmed results obtained from analysis of the microarray. These studies were designed to provide base-line data on gene expression-altering capacity of specific chemicals and will allow assessment of the deleterious effects caused by exposure to the aforementioned chemicals.

Steroid hormones, such as estrogen, are produced in one tissue and carried through the blood stream to target tissues in which they bind to highly specific nuclear receptors and trigger changes in gene expression and metabolism. Industrial chemicals, such as bisphenol A and many agricultural chemicals, including permethrin and fervalerate, are known to have estrogenic potential and therefore are estrogen mimics. Widely used agricultural chemicals, Enable (fungicide) and Diazinon (insecticide), were evaluated to examine their toxicity and estrogenicity. MCF-7 cells, an estrogen-dependent human breast cancer line, were utilized for this purpose. MCF-7 cells were treated with 0.033-3.3 ppb (ng/ml) of Enable and 0.3-67 ppm of Diazinon and gene expression was compared to that in untreated cells. Microarray analysis showed down-regulation of eight genes and up-regulation of thirty four genes in cells treated with 3.3 ppb of Enable, compared to untreated cells. Similarly, in cells treated with 67 ppm of Diazinon, there were three genes down-regulated and twenty seven genes up-regulated. For both chemicals, specific genes were selected for special consideration. RT-PCR confirmed results obtained from analysis of the microarray. These studies were designed to provide base-line data on gene expression-altering capacity of specific chemicals and will allow assessment of the deleterious effects caused by exposure to the aforementioned chemicals.

Thesis (M.S.) in Ecology and Environmental Science--University of Maine, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107).

Thesis (M.S.)--Washington State University, December 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide, is antagonized by salts in the spray carrier and responds to surfactant type and concentration. Glyphosate antagonism by dissolved salts such as calcium and magnesium was verified with natural water carriers and with carriers to which salts were added. Salt antagonism of glyphosate occurred from the formation of complexes that were less absorptive than the formulated isopropylamine glyphosate. Absorption of various salts of glyphosate varied as follows: isopropylamine > acid > ammonium > sodium > calcium. Ammonium sulphate increased the absorption of glyphosate both in distilled water carriers and in water carriers containing calcium chloride. Absorption and retention of glyphosate generally increased as surfactant (nonylphenol ethoxylate) hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) increased. The optimal HLB for glyphosate absorption was lower when ammonium sulphate was added to the spray carrier. An experimental adjuvant (trade name: Power-Up) that contained nonionic surfactant and ammonium sulphate, increased glyphosate efficacy more than the currently registered South African adjuvants. This could be as a result of increased foliar absorption and/or retention on foliage. The use of acid containing adjuvants was not essential for adequate glyphosate efficacy. Visual assessment of spray droplet residuals on leaves indicated that the appearance of spray droplet residuals was linked to glyphosate efficacy. Thick, amorphous and grainy spray droplet residuals on the leaf surface was an indicator of poor efficacy, whilst thinner, smoother residuals in close contact with the leaf surface was linked to increased efficacy. / Thesis (PhD (Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

The herbicide alachlor is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world; over 52 million pounds are applied to U.S. croplands annually. The acetanilide compounds 2-chloro-2$\sp\prime,6\sp\prime$-diethylacetanilide (CDA) and 2-hydroxy-2$\sp\prime,6\sp\prime$-diethylacetanilide (HDA) are environmental degradative products of alachlor. CDA, HDA and alachlor are ground and surface water contaminants; CDA and HDA are mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay. There is a paucity of data on the environmental fate of CDA and HDA. The development of two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISA) for the detection of CDA and HDA is reported. cELISA3 is specific for CDA with a detection range of 0.015 to 10 $\mu$g/ml. Solid phase extraction of CDA residues from aqueous samples gives a 1000-fold concentration factor resulting in an effective detection limit of 15 pg/ml. cELISA4 is specific for both CDA and HDA in combination, with a detection range of 0.01 to 10 $\mu$g/ml. Solid phase extraction of aqueous samples prior to cELISA analysis results in an effective detection limit of 10 pg/ml. Chloroacetanilide herbicides and other alachlor metabolites that may be present in environmental samples do not interfere with the detection of CDA and HDA. cELISA3, cELISA4 and the antisera they are based on provide a means of studying the environmental fate of CDA and HDA through a variety of analytical strategies.

Thesis (MTech (Nursing))--Cape Technikon, 2003. / The developed countries of the world utilise 80% of the agricultural chemicals that are used in the agricultural sector. A total of 99% of all agricultural chemical poisoning occurs in developing countries. South Africa is classified as a developing country. During the five-year period from 1996 - 2000, 36.2% (50 cases) of the average number of cases of agricultural chemical poisoning that were reported in South Africa were in the Western Cape. Three out of four (75%) deaths as a result of agricultural chemicals during the same period were in the Western Cape. The agricultural activities that are undertaken in the Western Cape are labour intensive and various agricultural chemicals are applied continuously to meet the quality requirements of the export market. The purposes of this study were: i) to determine which factors contributed to the reported cases of agricultural chemical poisoning in the Winelands, Overberg and Breede River District Councils during the five-year period from 1January 1996 until31 December 2000, ii) to determine what procedure was followed to report these cases of poisoning, iii) to determine whether a biological monitoring programme was in place at the time of the reported poisonings, and iv) to group and to analyse the recommendations that were made during the investigation. The research methodology included a literature study to establish a theoretical framework. A descriptive retrospective quantitative research design was applied.