O surgimento da economia de mercado, fez com que o contexto social da agricultura fosse alterado, principalmente, em suas formas de organização do trabalho e da produção. A submissão produtiva às economia de mercado determinam as estratégias de diversificação dos meios de vida na agricultura familiar e requerem esforços no sentido de ampliar as capacitações em busca de uma maior potencialidade do viver. O mercado provoca privações das oportunidades que podem agravar ou auxiliar as situações de pobreza rural, desta forma, pergunta-se: as estratégias de diversificação adotadas pelas famílias rurais conseguem reduzir as vulnerabilidades e elevar a renda? A partir deste problema, as seguintes possíveis respostas foram buscadas: (1) Agricultores com renda mais concentrada apresentam menor renda total;(2) Os agricultores pluriativos possuem renda mais elevada que os agricultores monoativos; (3) Agricultor com melhor acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida apresenta maior renda. Para tanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias de melhoria da renda rural entre os cooperados da Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária – CRESOL/ Prudentópolis – PR. Como resultado, identificou-se que: (1) a diversificação dos meios de vida permite aos estabelecimentos níveis de renda mais elevados, avançar na pluriatividade se torna positivo no sentido de elevar a renda; (2) o índice de diversificação da renda não esta relacionado com maiores níveis de renda; (3) quanto a expansão do acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida, considerados entre o capital humano, social, ambiental, físico e financeiro, (variáveis exógenas), conclui-se que nem todos explicam na mesma proporção a renda total (variável endógena), mas, os capitais que explicaram a renda apresentaram parâmetros de explicação considerados altamente significativos. / The emergence of a market economy, has made the social context of agriculture were changed, especially in its forms of organization of work and production. Submission productive market economy determine the diversification strategies of livelihoods in agriculture, family and require efforts to expand the capabilities in pursuit of greater potentiality of living. The market causes deprivation of opportunities that may exacerbate or assist rural poverty situations thus ask: diversification strategies adopted by rural households can reduce vulnerabilities and increase income? From this problem, the following possible answers were sought: (1) Farmers with more concentrated income have lower total income,(2) Farmers pluriativas have higher income farmers monoativas; (3) Farmer with better access to resources livelihoods has higher income. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify strategies to improve rural income among the cooperative's Rural Credit Cooperative Interaction with Solidarity - CRESOL / Prudentópolis - PR. As a result, it was found that: (1) diversification of livelihoods allows institutions of higher income levels, advancing pluriactivity becomes positive in order to raise revenue, (2) the index of income diversification is not associated with higher levels of income, (3) and expanding access to resources for livelihoods, considered among the human, social, environmental, physical and financial, (exogenous variables), it follows that not all explain the same proportion of total income (endogenous variable), but explained that the capital income of explanation presented parameters considered highly significant.

O surgimento da economia de mercado, fez com que o contexto social da agricultura fosse alterado, principalmente, em suas formas de organização do trabalho e da produção. A submissão produtiva às economia de mercado determinam as estratégias de diversificação dos meios de vida na agricultura familiar e requerem esforços no sentido de ampliar as capacitações em busca de uma maior potencialidade do viver. O mercado provoca privações das oportunidades que podem agravar ou auxiliar as situações de pobreza rural, desta forma, pergunta-se: as estratégias de diversificação adotadas pelas famílias rurais conseguem reduzir as vulnerabilidades e elevar a renda? A partir deste problema, as seguintes possíveis respostas foram buscadas: (1) Agricultores com renda mais concentrada apresentam menor renda total;(2) Os agricultores pluriativos possuem renda mais elevada que os agricultores monoativos; (3) Agricultor com melhor acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida apresenta maior renda. Para tanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias de melhoria da renda rural entre os cooperados da Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária – CRESOL/ Prudentópolis – PR. Como resultado, identificou-se que: (1) a diversificação dos meios de vida permite aos estabelecimentos níveis de renda mais elevados, avançar na pluriatividade se torna positivo no sentido de elevar a renda; (2) o índice de diversificação da renda não esta relacionado com maiores níveis de renda; (3) quanto a expansão do acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida, considerados entre o capital humano, social, ambiental, físico e financeiro, (variáveis exógenas), conclui-se que nem todos explicam na mesma proporção a renda total (variável endógena), mas, os capitais que explicaram a renda apresentaram parâmetros de explicação considerados altamente significativos. / The emergence of a market economy, has made the social context of agriculture were changed, especially in its forms of organization of work and production. Submission productive market economy determine the diversification strategies of livelihoods in agriculture, family and require efforts to expand the capabilities in pursuit of greater potentiality of living. The market causes deprivation of opportunities that may exacerbate or assist rural poverty situations thus ask: diversification strategies adopted by rural households can reduce vulnerabilities and increase income? From this problem, the following possible answers were sought: (1) Farmers with more concentrated income have lower total income,(2) Farmers pluriativas have higher income farmers monoativas; (3) Farmer with better access to resources livelihoods has higher income. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify strategies to improve rural income among the cooperative's Rural Credit Cooperative Interaction with Solidarity - CRESOL / Prudentópolis - PR. As a result, it was found that: (1) diversification of livelihoods allows institutions of higher income levels, advancing pluriactivity becomes positive in order to raise revenue, (2) the index of income diversification is not associated with higher levels of income, (3) and expanding access to resources for livelihoods, considered among the human, social, environmental, physical and financial, (exogenous variables), it follows that not all explain the same proportion of total income (endogenous variable), but explained that the capital income of explanation presented parameters considered highly significant.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-16T15:13:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_CAMILA NOBRE.pdf: 1435662 bytes, checksum: b3674247b1c1cf9458d4afeb4f46967c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T15:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_CAMILA NOBRE.pdf: 1435662 bytes, checksum: b3674247b1c1cf9458d4afeb4f46967c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CAPES / O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de características socioeconômicas, administrativas e produtivas dos pequenos produtores de manga do Polo Petrolina-Juazeiro sobre a relação entre financiamento bancário e a dívida com a Codevasf. A amostra utilizada na pesquisa é proveniente de dados primários. A metodologia utilizada foram os modelos Logit e Probit estimados através do método da Máxima Verossimilhança. Os resultados mostram que existem diferenças nos fatores que influenciam a inadimplência dos produtores com relação à Codevasf quando se analisa o grupo dos produtores que não recorreram a crédito bancário em relação ao grupo dos que recorreram. Para os agricultores que não solicitaram crédito, a probabilidade de se tornarem inadimplentes com a Codevasf diminui caso eles sejam casados, aposentados, participem de treinamentos e utilizem equipamentos terceirizados. A probabilidade de inadimplência aumenta para os que terceirizam a poda. Para os que recorreram a crédito bancário, a chance de inadimplência com a Codevasf é reduzida pelas variáveis idade, escolaridade, assistência técnica e certificação. Em contrapartida, os produtores que são aposentados, participam de treinamentos e tem lotes localizados em núcleos mais afastados apresentam maior probabilidade de inadimplência. / The present study aims to analyze the impact of socio-economic, administrative and productive characteristics of the small scale mango producers of the Petrolina-Juazeiro complex on the relationship between bank financing and the debt with Codevasf. The sample used in the research is from primary data. The methodologies used were the Logit and Probit models, estimated through the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. The results show that there are differences in the factors that influence the default of producers regarding Codevasf when analyzing the group of producers who did not resort to bank credit in relation to the group who resorted. For farmers who did not request credit, the likelihood of becoming in default with Codevasf decreases if they are married, retired, participate in training and use third-party equipment. The probability of default increases for those who outsource pruning. For those who resorted to bank credit, the chance of default with Codevasf is reduced by variables such as age, education, technical assistance and certification. Conversely, producers who are retired, participate in training and have plots of land located in more remote nucleuses are more likely to default.

<p>Purpose - The goal of this study is to identify the current distinct market segments within the US agricultural credit lending market, predict segment membership based on readily available characteristics, and better understand farmer financing preferences. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Design/methodology/approach - A two stage clustering analysis was used to identify five distinct market segments. A multinomial logit regression was used to predict segment membership based on demographic and psychographic characteristics. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Findings - The segmentation analysis produced five distinct market segments. The identified segments are service, convenience, balance, price, and performance. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Practical implications - This information can aid credit lenders in segmenting the market and tailoring their sales approach to the different farmer segments. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Originality/value - This paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, previous studies of farmer selection of lending institutions rely on supply side data (Brewer et al., 2019; Dodson & Koenig, 2004; Ifft and Fiechter, 2020). While these studies are useful in knowing how farmers may be segmented according to their choice set of particular lending institutions, what we cannot examine is why the farmer is choosing that choice set. Our study incorporates psychographic and buying preferences. Prior work has highlighted the trend away from demographics and socioeconomic characteristics towards psychographic characteristics as categories for customer segmentation (Sherrick et al., 1994). Secondly, as described above, much has changed in the agricultural lending markets concerning the lending institutions available to farmers and the technology that changes how farmers and lending institutions interact. Thus, this study updates the literature as farmers preferences may have changed due to the new market structure </p>

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The objectives of this thesis are as follows: 1. To determine the nature and content of farm credit jobs that are needed in a program of instruction for all-day students, adult evening class members, part-time enrollees, and members of the veterans training program. 2. To secure and organize as reference material the technical material needed in the farm credit course. 3. To organize and work up teaching materials for use by the teacher. It is to be hoped that by the use of this study, knowledge and skills can be developed that will assist farmers in the proper and profitable use of credit. The chief aim is to encourage the application of sound credit principles and to perpetuate a program of teaching the fundamentals of farm credit to farm people. / M.S.

The purpose of this study was to analyze loan penetration for agricultural institutional lenders in a 10 county area of Virginia and to generate specific recommendations to the Roanoke Association of the Farm Credit Banks of Baltimore. Alleghany-Bedford-Botetourt-Craig-Franklin-Halifax-Henry-Patrick-Pittsylvania-Roanoke County area of Virginia. This area had a very diversified commodity mix, but the main enterprises included dairy, tobacco, and beef. The case study approach was used to assemble information on the agricultural lenders in the study area rather than a statistically valid random sample. Forty-two agricultural lenders were surveyed for a response representing 86 percent of the total debt outstanding. While the Farm Credit Service was the largest agricultural lender in Virginia and the United States, Farmers Home Administration was the largest agricultural lender in the study area. Over $181 million of agricultural debt was outstanding as of December 31, 1980 in the study area. Over 60 percent was farm mortgage debt. Almost 2/3 of total farm debt outstanding was in Franklin, Halifax, and Pittsylvania Counties. The major portion of debt outstanding was to dairy, tobacco, and beef producers. In contrast to FmHA and commercial banks, Farm Credit served older borrowers who had more equity. The average Farm Credit borrower had a lower gross farm income than FmHA borrowers. Farm Credit serves a great deal of parttime farmers, particularly beef producers concentrated in the area of the main offices. It was concluded that the Roanoke Farm Credit Association should be more aggressive. Recommendations to improve Farm Credit's market penetration were developed under three different leadings. Farm Credit should develop a young farmer program. This would enable them to obtain some of the better FmHA borrowers. The marketing programs of Farm Credit need to be emphasized and other marketing services should be offered. The services suggested included tax, estate and financial planning. Farm Credit's market penetration was expected to increase in the future. Cutbacks in FmHA lending and uncertainty and changes for many commercial banks will contribute to this increase. / Master of Science

The primary objective of this research was to examine the potential impact of financial deregulation on capital availability in nonmetropolitan areas of Virginia by determining whether bank behavior and performance vary by the institutional structure of the bank. The research approach combines a case study analysis of bank decision making with an aggregate analysis of operating ratios that are important indicators of bank performance. The lexicographic ordering technique is used to test the behavioral hypothesis that rural banks affiliated with a multi-bank holding company have the same operating goals as rural independent unit banks. The corollary behavioral hypothesis that rural affiliate banks have the same operating flexibility as rural independent banks was tested by using the case studies to identify the administrative level at which policies are set and the influence of local conditions on the policy making process. The hypothesis that the market performance of rural affiliate banks is the same as that of independent banks was tested by using discriminant analysis to determine the statistical significance of bank operating ratios in distinguishing between rural affiliate banks from rural independent banks. The test of the behavioral hypothesis provided limited evidence of differences in the operating goals of rural affiliate and independent banks and, therefore, the behavioral hypothesis was not rejected. The case studies identified important differences in operating flexibility, with independent bankers having greater flexibility in decision making. Therefore, the corollary behavioral hypothesis was rejected. The results of the discriminant analysis showed no striking performance differences, providing no basis for rejecting the performance hypothesis. However, two ratios were important in separating independent banks from affiliate banks. The equity capital/total assets ratio and the agricultural loans/total loans ratio were higher for independent banks. This study also identified a difference in the potential range of services offered by the banks, with affiliates able to utilize the full range of financial and human resources of the holding company to meet local capital needs. This study identified differences between independent banks and affiliate banks that result from their differing institutional structures. These differences will most likely persist in a post-deregulation environment and suggest that financial deregulation may affect future capital availability in nonmetropolitan areas of Virginia. / Ph. D.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agricultural economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Refer to document / Water Research Commission (CSIR)