This study takes a look at government aid to agriculture in Thailand and attempts to analyze its effectiveness. Only two crops have been aided directly by the government, rice and rubber, though others have undoubtedly benefitted by improvements in the country's infrastructure. The regressions performed on some simple production functions indicate that rice yields have been improved through government programs. The program for rubber largely a subsidy for new plantings, ha as yet not had much impact on yields. This maybe due to the fact that the pay-off period is at least seven years. There is also some evidence that maize yields have improved through the opening of new lands by highway and rail. The rest of agriculture in Thailand still largely relies on nature and the Gods to determine output. It may well be true for a change.

A temática de desenvolvimento tem sido debatida por diversos autores e este trabalho busca a convergência entre conceitos. A implicação é que desenvolvimento engloba as dimensões econômicas e sociais e, devem ainda ser consideradas características e especificidades regionais. A região estudada é o Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, onde se constata a desigualdade entre os níveis de desenvolvimento dos 216 municípios, utilizando como indicador o Idese. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em investigar se há relação entre os níveis desiguais de desenvolvimento e a dinâmica setorial dos municípios da região. Entende-se por dinâmica setorial as macroespecializações (agropecuária, indústria ou serviços) de cada município identificadas por meio do VAB. A análise da relação indica que à medida que o nível de desenvolvimento diminui a participação da agropecuária no VAB total aumenta. A partir desse resultado, o trabalho ainda traz a comparação das atividades agropecuárias entre grupos de municípios, um de alto e outro de baixo desenvolvimento, mas, os dois apresentam a maior parte da renda decorrente do setor agropecuário. As análises procedentes mostram que as principais atividades agropecuárias são as mesmas nos dois grupos – soja, milho e leite – porém, o que os diferencia é que no grupo de alto desenvolvimento há uma contribuição mais efetiva na geração de renda e emprego e ainda, um estímulo maior às atividades relacionadas à produção agropecuária do que no grupo de baixo desenvolvimento. Portanto, não é o setor ou as atividades que influenciam a desigualdade no desenvolvimento da região, mas sim, os desencadeamentos por essas originados. Sendo assim, para que os municípios de baixo desenvolvimento possam melhorar seus indicadores, é necessária a promoção de pesquisas e melhoramentos nas atividades já existentes e incentivos e investimentos na estrutura antes e após a produção (como atividades de apoio à produção e de comércio) para que elas tenham potencial de contribuir para o processo de desenvolvimento. / The issue of development has been discussed by several authors and this paper seeks convergence between concepts. The implication is that development encompasses the economic and social dimensions, and regional characteristics and specificities should still be considered. The study area is the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, where we see the gap between development levels of 216 cities, using the Ides as an indicator. In this context, the objective of the study is to investigate whether there are linkages between the different levels of development and dynamic sector of the municipalities. Dynamic sector is understood by the macroespecialization (agriculture, industry or services) of each municipality identified by the VAB. The analysis of the relationship indicates that as the level of development reduces, the participation of agriculture in total VAB increases. From this result, the dissertation still shows the comparison of agricultural activities among groups of districts, one of high and one of low development, but the two have most of the income arising from the agricultural sector. The proceeding analysis shows that the main agricultural activities are the same in both groups - soybeans, corn and milk - but what distinguishes them is that at the high development group, assistance is most effective in generating income and employment and also a greater stimulus to activities related to agricultural production as compared to the low development group. Therefore, it is not the sector or activities that influence the unequal development of the region, but rather the side affects of them. Thus, for municipalities of low development to improve its indicators, it is necessary to further research and improve in existing activities, incentives, and investments in the structure before and after production (such as activities which support production and trade) so that they have potential to contribute to the development process.

The National Farmers Federation (NFF) is a peak producer organisation. Its executive has purported to represent all Australian farmers with a unified voice. This thesis argues that primary producers are too heterogeneous a group ever to have developed much solidarity in articulation of or action for the furtherance of common interests and that this fact is reflected in the NFF. Heterogeneity results from farm size, product specialisation, level of technology adopted, geographical location and special needs. Successive farm organisations and the National Party (and predecessors) have attempted to encompass these differences since the 1890s. Producer differences either have led to secession or to unification when political and economic circumstances have warranted it. This diversity has prevented farm groups becoming united. The lack of unity at first prevented all farmers joining in one organisation, and when they did, they kept on splitting up. The charisma of Ian McLachlan allowed farmers to get together, but the diversity meant that the getting together benefited some not only without the others, but sometimes at the expense of others. This thesis explores the heterogeneity of the agricultural sector within the political and economic context of Australian agriculture and discusses its consequences, in the constant re-forming of farm organisations and the institutional framework of the NFF in the context of politicisation of agricultural interest groups. This thesis concludes that producer differences in terms of size and product specialisation determine how effectively they are represented. Corporate farmers have fared much better than family and family-plus farmers, who would probably be better represented by a small business organisation, with which they have more in common, rather than a farming organisation.

The study deals with the concept of competing in the market with a dual branding strategy against mono-brands. The research, more specifically, examines the market awareness of the brand regarding the company versus the product. Monsanto SA, as a company, deals in the market as DEKALB. The study is based on the principles of the Burrows model of corporate identity. A tailor-made questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument. A total of 281 respondents completed the questionnaires. Data analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics and a Varimax rotated factor analysis. The reliability of the data was verified by determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this investigation, for the brand DEKALB, only one factor contributes to the brand image identified as dynamism. For Monsanto SA, two factors contribute to the organisation image. These factors are identified as dynamism and visual identity. The research concludes that although brand identities are similar to a large extent, the market views Monsanto SA more defined. A second factor is identified in addition to the common factor in both identities. The final and most important conclusion is that dual branding in the marketing strategy influences corporate identity and image, and vice versa. Monsanto SA should, therefore, take care not to confuse the market. Currently, agreement exists between the two identities, but it could easily result in confusion. Marketing strategies of Monsanto SA and DEKALB should purposefully dovetail to ensure that market confusion does not set in. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The study deals with the concept of competing in the market with a dual branding strategy against mono-brands. The research, more specifically, examines the market awareness of the brand regarding the company versus the product. Monsanto SA, as a company, deals in the market as DEKALB. The study is based on the principles of the Burrows model of corporate identity. A tailor-made questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument. A total of 281 respondents completed the questionnaires. Data analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics and a Varimax rotated factor analysis. The reliability of the data was verified by determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this investigation, for the brand DEKALB, only one factor contributes to the brand image identified as dynamism. For Monsanto SA, two factors contribute to the organisation image. These factors are identified as dynamism and visual identity. The research concludes that although brand identities are similar to a large extent, the market views Monsanto SA more defined. A second factor is identified in addition to the common factor in both identities. The final and most important conclusion is that dual branding in the marketing strategy influences corporate identity and image, and vice versa. Monsanto SA should, therefore, take care not to confuse the market. Currently, agreement exists between the two identities, but it could easily result in confusion. Marketing strategies of Monsanto SA and DEKALB should purposefully dovetail to ensure that market confusion does not set in. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The study deals with the concept of competing in the market with a dual branding strategy against mono-brands. The research, more specifically, examines the market awareness of the brand regarding the company versus the product. Monsanto SA, as a company, deals in the market as DEKALB. The study is based on the principles of the Burrows model of corporate identity. A tailor-made questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument. A total of 281 respondents completed the questionnaires. Data analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics and a Varimax rotated factor analysis. The reliability of the data was verified by determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this investigation, for the brand DEKALB, only one factor contributes to the brand image identified as dynamism. For Monsanto SA, two factors contribute to the organisation image. These factors are identified as dynamism and visual identity. The research concludes that although brand identities are similar to a large extent, the market views Monsanto SA more defined. A second factor is identified in addition to the common factor in both identities. The final and most important conclusion is that dual branding in the marketing strategy influences corporate identity and image, and vice versa. Monsanto SA should, therefore, take care not to confuse the market. Currently, agreement exists between the two identities, but it could easily result in confusion. Marketing strategies of Monsanto SA and DEKALB should purposefully dovetail to ensure that market confusion does not set in. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

A temática de desenvolvimento tem sido debatida por diversos autores e este trabalho busca a convergência entre conceitos. A implicação é que desenvolvimento engloba as dimensões econômicas e sociais e, devem ainda ser consideradas características e especificidades regionais. A região estudada é o Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, onde se constata a desigualdade entre os níveis de desenvolvimento dos 216 municípios, utilizando como indicador o Idese. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em investigar se há relação entre os níveis desiguais de desenvolvimento e a dinâmica setorial dos municípios da região. Entende-se por dinâmica setorial as macroespecializações (agropecuária, indústria ou serviços) de cada município identificadas por meio do VAB. A análise da relação indica que à medida que o nível de desenvolvimento diminui a participação da agropecuária no VAB total aumenta. A partir desse resultado, o trabalho ainda traz a comparação das atividades agropecuárias entre grupos de municípios, um de alto e outro de baixo desenvolvimento, mas, os dois apresentam a maior parte da renda decorrente do setor agropecuário. As análises procedentes mostram que as principais atividades agropecuárias são as mesmas nos dois grupos – soja, milho e leite – porém, o que os diferencia é que no grupo de alto desenvolvimento há uma contribuição mais efetiva na geração de renda e emprego e ainda, um estímulo maior às atividades relacionadas à produção agropecuária do que no grupo de baixo desenvolvimento. Portanto, não é o setor ou as atividades que influenciam a desigualdade no desenvolvimento da região, mas sim, os desencadeamentos por essas originados. Sendo assim, para que os municípios de baixo desenvolvimento possam melhorar seus indicadores, é necessária a promoção de pesquisas e melhoramentos nas atividades já existentes e incentivos e investimentos na estrutura antes e após a produção (como atividades de apoio à produção e de comércio) para que elas tenham potencial de contribuir para o processo de desenvolvimento. / The issue of development has been discussed by several authors and this paper seeks convergence between concepts. The implication is that development encompasses the economic and social dimensions, and regional characteristics and specificities should still be considered. The study area is the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, where we see the gap between development levels of 216 cities, using the Ides as an indicator. In this context, the objective of the study is to investigate whether there are linkages between the different levels of development and dynamic sector of the municipalities. Dynamic sector is understood by the macroespecialization (agriculture, industry or services) of each municipality identified by the VAB. The analysis of the relationship indicates that as the level of development reduces, the participation of agriculture in total VAB increases. From this result, the dissertation still shows the comparison of agricultural activities among groups of districts, one of high and one of low development, but the two have most of the income arising from the agricultural sector. The proceeding analysis shows that the main agricultural activities are the same in both groups - soybeans, corn and milk - but what distinguishes them is that at the high development group, assistance is most effective in generating income and employment and also a greater stimulus to activities related to agricultural production as compared to the low development group. Therefore, it is not the sector or activities that influence the unequal development of the region, but rather the side affects of them. Thus, for municipalities of low development to improve its indicators, it is necessary to further research and improve in existing activities, incentives, and investments in the structure before and after production (such as activities which support production and trade) so that they have potential to contribute to the development process.

A temática de desenvolvimento tem sido debatida por diversos autores e este trabalho busca a convergência entre conceitos. A implicação é que desenvolvimento engloba as dimensões econômicas e sociais e, devem ainda ser consideradas características e especificidades regionais. A região estudada é o Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, onde se constata a desigualdade entre os níveis de desenvolvimento dos 216 municípios, utilizando como indicador o Idese. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em investigar se há relação entre os níveis desiguais de desenvolvimento e a dinâmica setorial dos municípios da região. Entende-se por dinâmica setorial as macroespecializações (agropecuária, indústria ou serviços) de cada município identificadas por meio do VAB. A análise da relação indica que à medida que o nível de desenvolvimento diminui a participação da agropecuária no VAB total aumenta. A partir desse resultado, o trabalho ainda traz a comparação das atividades agropecuárias entre grupos de municípios, um de alto e outro de baixo desenvolvimento, mas, os dois apresentam a maior parte da renda decorrente do setor agropecuário. As análises procedentes mostram que as principais atividades agropecuárias são as mesmas nos dois grupos – soja, milho e leite – porém, o que os diferencia é que no grupo de alto desenvolvimento há uma contribuição mais efetiva na geração de renda e emprego e ainda, um estímulo maior às atividades relacionadas à produção agropecuária do que no grupo de baixo desenvolvimento. Portanto, não é o setor ou as atividades que influenciam a desigualdade no desenvolvimento da região, mas sim, os desencadeamentos por essas originados. Sendo assim, para que os municípios de baixo desenvolvimento possam melhorar seus indicadores, é necessária a promoção de pesquisas e melhoramentos nas atividades já existentes e incentivos e investimentos na estrutura antes e após a produção (como atividades de apoio à produção e de comércio) para que elas tenham potencial de contribuir para o processo de desenvolvimento. / The issue of development has been discussed by several authors and this paper seeks convergence between concepts. The implication is that development encompasses the economic and social dimensions, and regional characteristics and specificities should still be considered. The study area is the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, where we see the gap between development levels of 216 cities, using the Ides as an indicator. In this context, the objective of the study is to investigate whether there are linkages between the different levels of development and dynamic sector of the municipalities. Dynamic sector is understood by the macroespecialization (agriculture, industry or services) of each municipality identified by the VAB. The analysis of the relationship indicates that as the level of development reduces, the participation of agriculture in total VAB increases. From this result, the dissertation still shows the comparison of agricultural activities among groups of districts, one of high and one of low development, but the two have most of the income arising from the agricultural sector. The proceeding analysis shows that the main agricultural activities are the same in both groups - soybeans, corn and milk - but what distinguishes them is that at the high development group, assistance is most effective in generating income and employment and also a greater stimulus to activities related to agricultural production as compared to the low development group. Therefore, it is not the sector or activities that influence the unequal development of the region, but rather the side affects of them. Thus, for municipalities of low development to improve its indicators, it is necessary to further research and improve in existing activities, incentives, and investments in the structure before and after production (such as activities which support production and trade) so that they have potential to contribute to the development process.

The South African agricultural sector underwent a significant amount of institutional and structural changes during the past two decades, especially in the aftermath South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994 and the deregulation of the agricultural marketing environment in 1996/97. These changes meant that South African agricultural economics scholars had to adapt to these changes. The increased need towards more quantified output in agricultural economic research has led agricultural economic scholars to “borrow” econometric models from their fellow scholars abroad to apply to South African research problems in order to fulfil the need for more quantified research output. However, the development of econometrics has over the years given rise to a disenchantment with the way in which econometrics have been applied in economic research. Consequently it is believed that a large body of literature has entered the public domain without being properly reviewed because South African agricultural economic scholars do not have the necessary insight and knowledge of the problems believed to be at the root of the disenchantment with the manner in which econometrics have been applied. The general objective of this dissertation is to investigate the disenchantment with the manner econometrics has been applied in economic and agricultural economic scholarship in order to identity the main drivers of this disenchantment, and to use this knowledge gained to evaluate the application of econometrics in South African agricultural economic scholarship as portrayed in Agrekon, one of South Africa’s agricultural economics peer review journals. The study is conducted by means of a review of the literature on the history of econometrics, the development of econometric methodologies and the disenchantment with econometrics in economics and agricultural economics. Applied econometrics portrayed in Agrekon is evaluated by means of a survey of papers published in this journal. The main findings of this study revealed that the key drivers of disenchantment can mainly be ascribed to the following: <ul> <li>The misuse of statistical significance tests in applied studies.</li> <li>Problems with data underlying econometric analyses.</li> <li>The problems associated with replication. <li>Data mining <li>The “Black box ideology” in applied econometrics and <li>Scholasticism and associated preference falsification.</li> </ul> A survey of papers published in Agrekon based on a sample of 65 papers, which were sampled by means of stratified random sampling, revealed that elements behind the disenchantment with econometrics are present in South African agricultural economic scholarship. It was also found that the data underlying econometric analyses are a major point of concern in South African agricultural economics and it seem as if South African agricultural economics scholars have adopted a lackadaisical attitude towards data. The study concludes with recommendations for future studies into to the application of econometrics in South African agricultural economics. / Dissertation (MCom(Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MCom / unrestricted

La presente investigación de tesis tiene como objetivo determinar la viabilidad de estructurar el Fideicomiso de Titulización, y su impacto en la gestión financiera en las empresas del Sector Agrícola del año 2017, para ello es indispensable realizar la identificación de las alternativas de financiamiento que existen en el mercado, compararlas, y optar por la mejor alternativa de financiamiento. El presente estudio se encuentra agrupado por cinco capítulos, los cuales se menciona a continuación: Capítulo I Marco Teórico, se realiza una investigación a través de diversas fuentes primarias, en donde se definen las dimensiones y factores de los patrimonios en Fideicomiso, su estructuración y alcances; y un análisis de las alternativas de financiamiento que existen en el mercado. Capítulo II Plan de investigación, se formula la situación problemática de la tesis, el problema principal, problemas específicos, objetivo general y objetivos específicos, la hipótesis inicial e hipótesis específicos. Capítulo III Metodología de investigación se definió la población, la muestra para las investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas. Capítulo IV Desarrollo de Investigación, se realizó la investigación de nuestra tesis a través de la entrevista a profundidad con expertos del tema, preguntas y el desarrollo del caso práctico. Capítulo V Análisis de Resultados, se elabora el análisis de los instrumentos y el caso práctico. Se concluye con la validación de la hipótesis general y especificas en base a los resultados obtenidos en las tablas cruzadas y el CHI cuadrado. / The objective of this thesis research is to determine the viability of structuring the Securitization Trust, and its impact on financial management in the Agricultural Sector companies of the year 2017, for this it is essential to identify the financing alternatives that exist in The market, compare them, and opt for the best financing alternative. The present study is grouped by five chapters, which are mentioned below: Chapter I Theoretical Framework, an investigation is carried out through diverse primary sources, where the dimensions and factors of the patrimonies in trust, its structuring and scopes are defined; and an analysis of financing alternatives that exist in the market. Chapter II Research plan, the problematic situation of the thesis is formulated, the main problem, specific problems, general objective and specific objectives, the initial hypothesis and specific hypotheses. Chapter III Research methodology population was defined, the sample for quantitative and qualitative research. Chapter IV Research Development, the research of our thesis was carried out through an in-depth interview with subject experts, questions and the development of the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of Results, the analysis of the instruments and the practical case is elaborated. It concludes with the validation of the general and specific hypothesis based on the results obtained in the crossed tables and the square CHI. / Tesis