Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-23T10:26:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Oliveira Mateus.pdf: 4428090 bytes, checksum: 328440bdde67b772d9be4e74428efbb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T10:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Oliveira Mateus.pdf: 4428090 bytes, checksum: 328440bdde67b772d9be4e74428efbb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-26 / Throughout History, electricity has proven to be an important vector for development. In general, national Human Development Indexes ? HDIs have evolved in straight correlation with the country?s per capita consumption of electric energy. In line with this inference, Brazil set a legal framework that requires universal access to electric energy. Such universal access still hasn?t been reached though, in spite of successive rural electrification programs in the past and the LUZ PARA TODOS (LIGHT FOR ALL), in course since 2003. In the wake of these programs, as a strategy to effectively turn energy into a vector for development, ELETROBRAS conceived the implementation of community projects to benefit the production of communities that receive electrification and demonstrate vocation to a given economic activity, thus fostering the local economy. These projects were named Community Centers for Production ? CCPs, which have been implemented in rural Brazil with the support of ELETROBRAS or the MINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGY itself. However, the number of implemented CCPs still falls short of Brazil?s needs, and, judging by the CCP cases addressed in this study, the consolidation of a specific program to better explore the productive potential of Brazilian rural communities is well deserved. Currently, the biggest challenge is delivering electrification to communities in remote regions, which cannot be connected to conventional power grids. In these locations, electrification must be done mainly with photovoltaic systems, which are substantially more expensive. As it happens in regions electrified with conventional power grids, electrification may offer Brazilians living along rivers and in remote regions not only access to the comforts of lighting and refrigerating food, but also a sustainable way of generating income and/or promoting their own food security. Among the challenges to the implementation of CCPs in rural Brazil and especially in remote regions, we highlight the elaboration of projects, and the lack of regular financing to fund equipments that could benefit the local production. As alternative, we point out possible institutional arrangements with agents of complementary vocations, organized with the Avant-garde Entities developed by the Alberto Luiz Coimbra Post-graduation and Research Institute in Engineering ? COPPE, using regulatory resources already available in the electricity sector that nowadays are exclusively destined to R&D projects. For CCPs in remote regions of northern Brazil, the Amazon Fund, run by the National Social and Economic Development Bank ? BNDES, could also be used / Ao longo da hist?ria tem se verificado que a eletricidade ? um importante vetor de desenvolvimento dos povos. De modo geral, os ?ndices de Desenvolvimento Humano-IDH dos pa?ses t?m evolu?do com estreita correla??o com o consumo per capta de energia el?trica. Alinhado com essa constata??o foi definido no Brasil um Marco Legal que exige a universaliza??o do acesso ? energia el?trica. Tal universaliza??o ainda n?o foi alcan?ada, apesar de sucessivos programas de eletrifica??o rural do passado e do PROGRAMA LUZ PARA TODOS-PLpT, em curso desde 2003. Na esteira desses programas, como estrat?gia para que a energia seja efetivamente um vetor de desenvolvimento, foi idealizado pela ELETROBRAS que tamb?m pudessem ser implementados empreendimentos comunit?rios para beneficiar a produ??odaquelas comunidades que seriam atendidas e que tivessem uma reconhecida voca??o produtiva, de modo a dinamizar a economia local. A esses empreendimentos deu-se o nome de Centros Comunit?rios de Produ??o-CCP, que foram implantados em algumas localidades do interior brasileiro com o apoio da pr?pria ELETROBRAS ou pelo pr?prio MINIST?RIO DE MINAS E ENERGIA. Entretanto, o n?mero de unidades implementadas ainda ? muito aqu?m do que a realidade brasileira exige e, a julgar pelos exemplos de CCPs abordados no presente estudo, merece que se consolide um programa espec?fico para que o potencial produtivo das comunidades rurais brasileiras possa ser mais bem explorado. O maior desafio atual ? o atendimento das popula??es das regi?es isoladas, que n?o podem ser interligadas ?s redes convencionaisde distribui??o el?trica. Nessas localidades, o atendimento dever? ser feito, principalmente, por sistemas fotovoltaicos de gera??o, que s?o substancialmente mais caros. Tal como ocorre nas regi?es atendidas com redes el?tricas convencionais, o processo de eletrifica??o pode oferecer aos brasileiros ribeirinhos ou que vivem em regi?es remotas, n?o apenas o acesso aos confortos da ilumina??o e refrigera??o de alimentos, mas tamb?m uma forma sustent?vel de se obter renda e/ou promover a sua seguran?a alimentar. Dentre os gargalos que t?m dificultado a implementa??o dessas unidades produtivas no interior brasileiro e em especial nas regi?es isoladas, neste trabalho o autor destaca como principais, a elabora??o dos projetos dos empreendimentos e a aus?ncia de fonte de recurso regular para custear os equipamentos que iriam beneficiar a produ??o local. Como alternativa, aponta poss?veis arranjos institucionais com atores com voca??es complementares, organizados pela metodologia dos Organismos de Vanguarda desenvolvida pela COPPE, trabalhando com os recursos regulat?rios j? dispon?veis no setor el?trico e que hoje se destinam exclusivamente a projetos de P&D. Para unidades nas regi?es remotas do norte do pa?s, opcionalmente se poderia lan?ar m?o do Fundo Amaz?nia que ? gerido pelo BNDES

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1983. / Bibliography: leaves [243]-260. / Photocopy. / Microfiche. / xv, 260 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), maps 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii. / Bibliography: leaves 168-173. / Photocopy. / xiv, 173 leaves, bound ill., map 28 cm

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-174).

Orientador: José Matheus Yalenti Perosa / Coorientador: Osmar de Carvalho Bueno / Banca: Elias José Simon / Banca: Izabel Cristina Takitane / Banca: Silvia Maria Alves Gomes / Banca: Alessandro Antonangelo / Resumo: O estágio de desenvolvimento atual da agricultura permitiu que se alcançassem altos índices de produtividade das lavouras, criações e produção de insumos, e complexos agroindustriais mais eficientes, disponibilizando bens e serviços em grande escala ao consumidor final. Neste contexto e frente ao futuro incerto e de escassez das fontes não renováveis de energia, principalmente as derivadas de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis, coloca-se como tarefa aos agentes dos complexos agroindustriais desenvolver fontes de energia renováveis alternativas. Nesse contexto, o Brasil destaca-se na produção de plantas e animais como principais fontes de energias renováveis e tornou-se um dos precursores nas pesquisas que conseguiram gerar novas fontes de energias. Nesse contexto, a suinocultura também tem contribuído na produção de fontes de energia renovável, com a transformação de dejetos de suínos em fertilizantes e biogás. Sendo assim, os agentes produtivos da suinocultura buscam opções para amenizar os impactos ambientais da atividade e torná-la mais sustentável ambientalmente. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar indicadores de eficiências energética e econômica da produção de leitões, na fase de creche, da região Oeste do Paraná. Mais especificamente, procurou-se determinar possíveis diferenças na eficiência energética e econômica de produtores que fabricaram rações nas suas propriedades e produtores que compraram rações da Cooperativa. O processo de determinação da amostra dos suinocultores foi por acessibilidade e não probabilística. Para simulações diferenças de eficiência econômica entre os grupos de produtores cooperados, utilizou-se o programa Minitabi, do Software estatística e dados digitados em planilhas do aplicativo Microsoft versão 2007. Os sistemas de produção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The current stage of development of agriculture made it possible to reach high productivity of crops, livestock and production inputs, agro-industrial complex and more efficient, providing goods and services on a large scale to the final consumer. In this context, and facing the uncertain future and lack of non-renewable sources of energy, especially those derived from non-renewable fossil fuels, there is the task of the agents of the agroindustrial complex to develop renewable energy alternatives. In this context, Brazil stands out in the production of plants and animals as main sources of renewable energy and became one of the pioneers in research that could generate new sources of energy. In this context, the pork industry has also contributed in the production of renewable energy sources, with the processing of pig manure into fertilizer and biogas. Therefore, the swine production agents seek options to mitigate the environmental impacts of the activity and make it more environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to analyze indicators of energy and economic efficiencies of production of piglets in nursery phase, the western Paraná. More specifically, we sought to determine possible differences in energy efficiency and cost-effective producers who feed manufactured in their properties and feed producers who bought the Cooperative. The process of determining the sample of pig farmers was due to accessibility and nonprobabilistic. For simulations of economic efficiency differences between the groups of cooperative producers... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

M.Sc. / Biofuels have the potential to reduce a country’s dependence on imported oil, to ensure diversity of energy sources, to increase the availability of renewable energy sources and to address global environmental issues. In recognition of the potential benefits of the production and use of biofuels, the Department of Minerals and Energy released the Draft Biofuels Industrial Strategy in December 2006 with the aim to increase the use of biofuels in South Africa to replace 4.5% of conventional transport fuels by 2013. However, there are several barriers that need to be overcome before South Africa can establish a large-scale biofuel industry to achieve the DME’s biofuel target. This includes environmental barriers, such as the availability of land for the cultivation of biofuel feedstocks and potential threats to food security. This study focuses on these environmental barriers and aims to determine the potential for bioethanol production from maize in South Africa to 2013. To this purpose, a bioethanol potential model is developed to simulate the potential for bioethanol production from maize in South Africa between 2008 and 2013. The model incorporates four key elements that all impact on the availability of maize for bioethanol production, namely: maize demand; maize supply; the demand for maize as biomaterial; and the available land area for the cultivation of maize. The study makes further use of the scenario planning method to determine the potential for bioethanol production from maize in South Africa. Four unique bioethanol potential scenarios are designed and simulated within the bioethanol potential model developed for this purpose. Each scenario plays out a differentstoryline for the future social, economic and natural environment that will impact on the availability of maize for bioethanol production. The results of the bioethanol potential scenario simulations show that South Africa will be able to produce enough maize to meet the DME’s biofuel target of 1.2 billion liters of bioethanol for all scenarios between 2009 and 2010. From 2011 onwards, the bioethanol potential decreases below the DME’s target value in both the worst case and rapid change scenarios. The study concludes that the production of bioethanol from maize in South Africa will have various social, economic and environmental consequences for the country’s agricultural sector. The depletion of domestic maize supplies will seriously threaten food security and consequently, increase the country’s dependence on maize imports. This will not only affect the country’s maize producing regions, but spread throughout South Africa as the demand for agriculturally productive land for maize production increases. Domestic food security is therefore at risk and South Africa will have to resort to other energy technologies to achieve a sustainable and renewable energy future for road transport.

The primary objective of this research is to measure the impacts of rising energy prices on U.S. agriculture and to analyze the capability of U.S. agricultural producers to adjust for energy price volatility. This study compares four different models of producer adjustment: the static model, the simple error correction model, the partial adjustment model, and the fully dynamic model. The first three models are nested within the fully dynamic model using ]948-2002 U.S. agriculture data. Morishima elasticities of substitution and price elasticities are estimated to investigate whether U.S. agriculture's responses to energy prices have changed over time. The elasticity estimates indicate that there are substitutions among production factors in U.S. agricultural production, and the substitution elasticities have increased over the 1948-2002 period. This finding suggests an increasing possibility for farmers to substitute other production inputs for energy to mitigate the effects of changing energy prices. / Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute

Der DBFZ Report 18 „Kleintechnische Biomassevergasung - Option für eine nachhaltige und dezentrale Energieversorgung“ fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des Verbundvorhabens „Bundesmessprogramm zur Weiterentwicklung der kleintechnischen Biomassevergasung“ zusammen. Während der Projektlaufzeit von 2009 bis 2012 wurden mit Mitteln des BMU-Förderprogramms „Forschung und Entwicklung zur klimaeffizienten Optimierung der energetischen Biomassenutzung“1 reale Biomassevergasungsanlagen umfassend analysiert und bewertet. Zusammen mit den Projekterfahrungen des Deutschen Biomasseforschungszentrums gemeinnützige GmbH (DBFZ), der Hochschule Zittau-Görlitz (HSZG), des Fraunhofer Instituts für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung (IFF) und des Bayerischen Zentrums für Angewandte Energieforschung e. V. (ZAE), werden auf dieser Grundlage Erkenntnisse über den Entwicklungsstand und -perspektiven in technische und methodische Grundlagen eingebettet sowie Akteuren aus Wissenschaft, Industrie, Politik und Gesellschaft zur Verfügung gestellt. Weiterhin geben die Ergebnisse der technisch-ökonomisch-ökologischen Bewertung realer Anlagen und vielversprechender Konzepte basierend auf Einzel-, Verbund- und Langzeitmessungen vor Ort einen Überblick hinsichtlich: - der technischen Verfügbarkeit, der Leistungsfähigkeit und der Optimierungsansätze, - der Wirtschaftlichkeit und der limitierenden sowie begünstigenden Faktoren, - der Treibhausgasemissionen und der damit einhergehenden THG-Minderungspotenziale und - der THG-Vermeidungskosten dieses Nutzugspfades von Biomasse. Einführend sind die Grundlagen der kleintechnischen Biomassevergasung, also Stand der Technik, wobei mögliche Einsatzstoffe, Verfahren und Nutzungsoptionen im Fokus stehen, dargestellt. Zusammen mit der Beschreibung der notwendigen Messtechnik für eine hinreichend genaue Anlagenbilanzierung und -bewertung kann sich auch der Leser mit geringen Vorkenntnissen zunächst einen Überblick verschaffen. Die Entwicklung des Anlagenbestandes und der politischen Rahmenbedingungen verdeutlicht den derzeitigen Trend in dieser Branche. Letztlich sollen die Ergebnisse der technisch-ökonomisch-ökologischen Bewertung einen umfassenden und transparenten Einblick in die Leistungsfähigkeit der kleintechnischen Biomassevergasung gewähren. Bestehende Probleme, Ansätze zu deren Lösung und Vorteile einer bisher verschlossenen Branche der kleintechnischen Biomassevergasung werden klar herausstellt, damit diese Ihren Beitrag für eine nachhaltige Energiebereitstellung leisten kann.