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Der Jahresbericht gibt Auskunft über die Luftqualität im Freistaat Sachsen. Das Luftmessnetz mit 29 Messstellen misst die Konzentration der Luftschadstoffe Schwefeldioxid, Stickstoffdioxid, Feinstaub, Blei, Benzol und Ozon. Zusätzlich erfolgt an ausgewählten Standorten eine Analyse der Inhaltsstoffe von Feinstaub und des Niederschlages. Die meteorologischen Bedingungen wirkten sich 2013 im Mittel positiv auf die Schadstoffbelastung der Luft aus. Dennoch gab es an verkehrsnahen Messstellen in Leipzig, Dresden und Chemnitz Grenzwertüberschreitungen bei Stickstoffdioxid. Der 24-Stunden-Grenzwert der Partikelkonzentration (PM10) wurde 2013 an einer verkehrsnahen Messstelle in Leipzig verletzt. Ozon-Zielwerte zum Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit und der Vegetation wurden in den Höhenlagen des Erzgebirgskamms nicht eingehalten. Die Konzentrationen der Luftschadstoffe Schwefeldioxid, Feinstaub PM2,5, Benzol und Blei lagen auf dem Niveau der Vorjahre und sind unkritisch. Die Zielwerte für die PM10-Inhaltsstoffe wurden eingehalten.

The research presented in this thesis provides a quantitative analysis of atmospheric influences on particulate matter pollution in Christchurch across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A complex interaction of low level flow characteristics that form in response to local and regional features of complex terrain, together with an urban setting that is characterised by low density housing, mostly comprised of single storey dwellings that are poorly insulated, regularly leads to nocturnal smog events during winter in Christchurch. Provided synoptic flow is weak, the above mentioned flow interaction promotes flow stagnation over the city, when nocturnal katabatic drainage flows and day-time north-easterly on-shore winds converge over the city. Additionally, undercutting of the density currents promotes highly stable atmospheric stratification close to the surface, so that, in combination, both horizontal and vertical air movement is suppressed. As particulate emission release from solid fuel burning for home heating coincides with this poor atmospheric dispersion potential, particle concentrations can increase substantially so that national air quality guidelines are regularly exceeded during winter in Christchurch. At the core of this thesis is a classification based approach that examines the day-to-day probabilities of breaches of the national air quality guideline for PM over the last decade at a single location in Christchurch as a result of variations in meteorological conditions alone. It is shown that, based on variations in temperature and wind speed, up to 85% of exceedence occurrence can be explained. From this, concentration trends over time, when meteorological variability is kept to a minimum, are assessed and evidence is found that recent regulatory measures to enhance air quality are beginning to show positive effects. Atmospheric processes that control pollution dispersion on the mesoscale are investigated through means of atmospheric numerical modelling in a novel approach that assimilates observational climatic wind field averages to drive low level flow for two idealised case studies. It is shown that this approach is able to reproduce the observed diurnal concentration patterns very well and that much of these patterns can be attributed to mesoscale circulation characteristics and associated atmospheric dispersion potential, namely flow stagnation and recirculation of contaminants. When timing of stagnation and subsequent recirculation is such that it occurs within a few hours after peak emission release, concentration increase is enhanced and dilution is delayed, thus severely exacerbating the problem. Links between exceedence probabilities and synoptic situations that favour the degradation of air quality are established and various synoptic transition scenarios are examined with regard to local air quality. The progression of anticyclones across the country is identified to be the dominant synoptic control mechanism and it is shown that latitudinal variation in the progression path determines the extent of expected exceedence probability. On interdecadal hemispheric scales, it is found that a particular combination of local and synoptic atmospheric conditions that favours air quality degradation, shows a re-occurring pattern of frequency maxima (and minima) with a periodicity of approximately 14 - 16 years. For the synoptic part of this interdecadal variability, a close relationship to Southern Hemispheric pressure anomalies in high latitudes is revealed. Finally, for verification of the combined findings and to assess their prediction capability, a validation case study is given which shows that the applied methodology is able to capture day-to-day variations in pollution levels with acceptable (statistically significant) accuracy.

Energy saving is a highly concerned topic in the developing countries. To achieve a desirable living and working condition for inhabitants while consuming minimum amount of energy, more and more efforts, new technologies are developed and invested in the different industries by countries. It has been discussed that energy use in the building sectors is intensive and has the largest share in the total energy supply. Therefore, a growing number of companies and institutions are either required or voluntary to take energy efficiency measures once a year or more to identify current energy use, as well as the opportunities for energy efficiency improvement. One of the energy efficiency measures is energy audit. This report is aiming at pinpointing the current energy consumption for a joint ventilation system used by five premises in downtown Gävle, Sweden. The building company is planning a renovation for the ventilation system, including a cut down of energy supply while improving thermal comfort by providing adequate ventilation. The main object area is a restaurant, which consumes most energy supply. During the measurements, three sets of equipment (TSI VelociCalc plus, SWEMA FLOW 230 and TSI-AccuBALANCE) were used to collect air flow and temperature data. The results indicate that the current energy use for the joint ventilation system during a year is around 50438 kWh, using recommended ventilation rates; while it can be reduced to 34737 kWh. For the restaurant, the required ventilation rate is 1204 l/s to provide fresh air constantly if it is over 150 people and give ventilation according the standard: 7 l/s p 0.35 l/s m2. The current ventilation rate is only 312 l/s, thus clearly failing to comply with the standard. One viable method for providing enough ventilation rate and at the same time without wasting energy is to install CO2 detector, which regulates the ventilation rate according to the level of CO2 concentration. The studied shops have instead very high ventilation rates in the current system; though this provides good air quality, the energy is wasted unnecessarily.

Der Jahresbericht gibt Auskunft über die Luftqualität im Freistaat Sachsen. Das Luftmessnetz mit 29 Messstellen misst die Konzentration der Luftschadstoffe Schwefeldioxid, Stickstoffdioxid, Feinstaub, Blei, Benzol und Ozon. Zusätzlich erfolgt an ausgewählten Standorten eine Analyse der Inhaltsstoffe von Feinstaub und des Niederschlags.

Der Leitfaden beinhaltet die umfangreichen Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität seit dem ersten sächsischen Luftreinhalteplan im Jahr 2003. Er informiert über die gesetzlichen Grundlagen und die Anforderungen zur Aufstellung von Luftreinhalteplänen. Der Bericht dokumentiert die Standorte der Luftmessstationen, die Messparameter und Messtechnik und erläutert die mathematische Modellierung der Messwerte. Neben der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Luftqualität werden Maßnahmen zur Erreichung einer guten Luftqualität vorgestellt. Die Luftreinhalteplanung in Sachsen wird eingeordnet in den erreichten Stand in Deutschland und der EU.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-97). / ix, 97 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006. / "August, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves xx-xx). Online version available on the World Wide Web.