<p>On the category of representations of a given quiver we define a tensor product point-wise and arrow-wise. The corresponding Clebsch-Gordan problem of how the tensor product of indecomposable representations decomposes into a direct sum of indecomposable representations is the topic of this thesis.</p><p>The choice of tensor product is motivated by an investigation of possible ways to modify the classical tensor product from group representation theory to the case of quiver representations. It turns out that all of them yield tensor products which essentially are the same as the point-wise tensor product.</p><p>We solve the Clebsch-Gordan problem for all Dynkin quivers of type A, D and E₆, and provide explicit descriptions of their respective representation rings. Furthermore, we investigate how the tensor product interacts with Galois coverings. The results obtained are used to solve the Clebsch-Gordan problem for all extended Dynkin quivers of type Ã_n and the double loop quiver with relations βα=αβ=αⁿ=βⁿ=0.</p>

<p>Avstånd och bevarandet av avstånd är centrala begrepp i denna uppsats. Det är nämligen bevarandet av avstånd som ger symmetriska kompositioner, s. k. isometrier. Ett symmetriskt tapetmönster innebär att ett grundläggande motiv upprepas över hela tapeten. Beroende på hur motivet ser ut så kan det förflyttas, roteras och speglas. Dessa transformationer är de naturliga isometrierna som också kan sättas samman till godtyckliga isometrier. Enligt D. J. S. Robinson är det tillräckligt om vi förutom de naturliga isometrierna sätter samman produkten av förflyttning och spegling. Denna sammansättning kallar vi förskjuten spegling. Det är isometrierna som vi representerar med element i matrisgrupperna och den euklidiska gruppen. Dessa grupper ligger till grund för den kristallografiska rymdgruppen som gör det möjligt att klassificera både tapetmönster och kristallstrukturer. I uppsatsen visas att det finns 10 kristallklasser och 17 kristallografiska rymdgrupper som beskriver såväl kristaller i två dimensioner som tapetmönster.</p>

<p>This thesis, consisting of three papers and a summary, studies properties of stratified algebras and representations of Lie superalgebras.</p><p>In Paper I we give a characterization when the Ringel dual of an SSS-algebra is properly stratified.</p><p>We show that for an SSS-algebra, whose Ringel dual is properly stratified, there is a (generalized) tilting module which allows one to compute the finitistic dimension of the SSS-algebra, and moreover, it gives rise to a new covariant Ringel-type duality.</p><p>In Paper II we give a characterization of standardly stratified algebras in terms of certain filtrations of (left or right) projective modules, generalizing the corresponding theorem of V. Dlab. We extend the notion of Ringel duality to standardly stratified algebras and estimate their finitistic dimension in terms of endomorphism algebras of standard modules.</p><p>Paper III deals with the queer Lie superalgebra and the corresponding BGG-category O. We show that the typical blocks correspond to standardly stratified algebras, and we generalize Kostant's Theorem to the queer Lie superalgebra.</p>

This thesis, consisting of three papers and a summary, studies properties of stratified algebras and representations of Lie superalgebras. In Paper I we give a characterization when the Ringel dual of an SSS-algebra is properly stratified. We show that for an SSS-algebra, whose Ringel dual is properly stratified, there is a (generalized) tilting module which allows one to compute the finitistic dimension of the SSS-algebra, and moreover, it gives rise to a new covariant Ringel-type duality. In Paper II we give a characterization of standardly stratified algebras in terms of certain filtrations of (left or right) projective modules, generalizing the corresponding theorem of V. Dlab. We extend the notion of Ringel duality to standardly stratified algebras and estimate their finitistic dimension in terms of endomorphism algebras of standard modules. Paper III deals with the queer Lie superalgebra and the corresponding BGG-category O. We show that the typical blocks correspond to standardly stratified algebras, and we generalize Kostant's Theorem to the queer Lie superalgebra.

This thesis consists of six papers. In Paper I, we give an algorithm for merging sorted lists of monomials and together with a projection technique, we obtain a new complexity bound for the Buchberger-Möller algorithm and the FGLM algorithm. In Paper II, we discuss four different constructions of vector space bases associated to vanishing ideals of points. We show how to compute normal forms with respect to these bases and give complexity bounds. As an application we drastically improve the computational algebra approach to the reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks. In Paper III, we introduce the concept of multiplication matrices for ideals of projective dimension zero. We discuss various applications and, in particular, we give a new algorithm to compute the variety of an ideal of projective dimension zero. In Paper IV, we consider a subset of projective space over a finite field and give a geometric description of the minimal degree of a non-vanishing form with respect to this subset. We also give bounds on the minimal degree in terms of the cardinality of the subset. In Paper V, we study an associative version of an algorithm constructed to compute the Hilbert series for graded Lie algebras. In the commutative case we use Gotzmann's persistence theorem to show that the algorithm terminates in finite time. In Paper VI, we connect the commutative version of the algorithm in Paper V with the Buchberger algorithm. / At the time of doctoral defence, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript

No description available.

En 1849, Arthur Cayley et George Salmon démontrent que toute surface cubique contient exactement vingt-sept droites. Résultat célèbre de la deuxième moitié du 19ème siècle, ce théorème a notamment donné lieu à des recherches sur une équation algébrique particulière appelée "équation aux vingt-sept droites". Dans notre thèse, nous étudions les rapprochements entre groupes, équations et géométrie opérés dans ces recherches. Après un travail préparatoire mettant en place certains points mathématiques et chronologiques associés aux vingt-sept droites, nous nous intéressons au Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques de Camille Jordan, publié en 1870. Cet ouvrage contient une section consacrée à l'équation aux vingt-sept droites dont nous analysons en détail les mathématiques. Pour mettre en contexte certains points, un corpus plus large est ensuite construit autour des "équations de la géométrie", famille d'équations associées à des configurations géométriques dont les vingt-sept droites ne sont qu'un exemple. Ce corpus s'étend de 1847 à 1896, et ses principaux auteurs sont Jordan, Alfred Clebsch et Felix Klein. Dans le but de rendre compte de l'organisation particulière du savoir partagé dans le corpus, nous discutons et utilisons alors la notion de "culture". Enfin, nous étudions précisément deux textes du corpus proposant de géométriser certaines parties de l'algèbre et nous montrons en quoi les équations de la géométrie ont participé à une compréhension géométrique de la théorie des substitutions ainsi qu'à l'élaboration des idées du Programme d'Erlangen de Klein (1872). / In 1849, Arthur Cayley and George Salmon proved that every cubic surface contains exactly twenty-seven lines. A famous result in the second half of the 19th century, this theorem gave rise to research about a particular algebraic equation called the "twenty-seven lines equation." In our thesis, we study how groups, equations, and geometry interact throughout this research. After a preparatory work presenting some mathematical and chronological points about the twenty-seven lines, we look into Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques, published in 1870. This book contained a section devoted to the twenty-seven lines equation, the mathematics of which we thoroughly study. In order to contextualize some elements, a larger corpus is then built around "geometrical equations," a family of equations linked to geometrical configurations among which the twenty-seven lines are just one example. The corpus extends from 1847 to 1896 and its main authors are Jordan, Alfred Clebsch, and Felix Klein. Aiming at describing the particular organization of the knowledge shared in the corpus, we then discuss and use the notion of "culture." Finally, we closely study two texts of the corpus, each of them presenting a geometrization of a part of algebra, and we ascertain that geometrical equations participated to a geometrical understanding of substitution theory as well as the elaboration of the ideas of Klein's Erlanger Programm (1872).

<p>This thesis surveys the issue of finding rational points on algebraic curves over finite fields. Since Goppa's construction of algebraic geometric codes, there has been great interest in finding curves with many rational points. Here we explain the main tools for finding rational points on a curve over a nite eld and provide the necessary background on ring and field theory. Four different articles are analyzed, the first of these articles gives a complete set of table showing the numbers of rational points for curves with genus up to 50. The other articles provide interesting constructions of covering curves: covers by the Hemitian curve, Kummer extensions and Artin-Schreier extensions. With these articles the great difficulty of finding explicit equations for curves with many rational points is overcome. With the method given by Arnaldo García in [6] we have been able to nd examples that can be used to define the lower bounds for the corresponding entries in the tables given in http: //wins.uva.nl/~geer, which to the time of writing this Thesis appear as "no information available". In fact, as the curves found are maximal, these entries no longer need a bound, they can be given by a unique entry, since the exact value of N_q(g) is now known.</p><p>At the end of the thesis an outline of the construction of Goppa codes is given and the NXL and XNL codes are presented.</p><p> </p>

This thesis surveys the issue of finding rational points on algebraic curves over finite fields. Since Goppa's construction of algebraic geometric codes, there has been great interest in finding curves with many rational points. Here we explain the main tools for finding rational points on a curve over a nite eld and provide the necessary background on ring and field theory. Four different articles are analyzed, the first of these articles gives a complete set of table showing the numbers of rational points for curves with genus up to 50. The other articles provide interesting constructions of covering curves: covers by the Hemitian curve, Kummer extensions and Artin-Schreier extensions. With these articles the great difficulty of finding explicit equations for curves with many rational points is overcome. With the method given by Arnaldo García in [6] we have been able to nd examples that can be used to define the lower bounds for the corresponding entries in the tables given in http: //wins.uva.nl/~geer, which to the time of writing this Thesis appear as "no information available". In fact, as the curves found are maximal, these entries no longer need a bound, they can be given by a unique entry, since the exact value of Nq(g) is now known. At the end of the thesis an outline of the construction of Goppa codes is given and the NXL and XNL codes are presented.

The objects studied in this thesis are families of cycles on schemes. A space — the Chow variety — parameterizing effective equidimensional cycles was constructed by Chow and van der Waerden in the first half of the twentieth century. Even though cycles are simple objects, the Chow variety is a rather intractable object. In particular, a good functorial description of this space is missing. Consequently, descriptions of the corresponding families and the infinitesimal structure are incomplete. Moreover, the Chow variety is not intrinsic but has the unpleasant property that it depends on a given projective embedding. A main objective of this thesis is to construct a closely related space which has a good functorial description. This is partly accomplished in the last paper. The first three papers are concerned with families of zero-cycles. In the first paper, a functor parameterizing zero-cycles is defined and it is shown that this functor is represented by a scheme — the scheme of divided powers. This scheme is closely related to the symmetric product. In fact, the scheme of divided powers and the symmetric product coincide in many situations. In the second paper, several aspects of the scheme of divided powers are discussed. In particular, a universal family is constructed. A different description of the families as multi-morphisms is also given. Finally, the set of k-points of the scheme of divided powers is described. Somewhat surprisingly, cycles with certain rational coefficients are included in this description in positive characteristic. The third paper explains the relation between the Hilbert scheme, the Chow scheme, the symmetric product and the scheme of divided powers. It is shown that the last three schemes coincide as topological spaces and that all four schemes are isomorphic outside the degeneracy locus. The last paper gives a definition of families of cycles of arbitrary dimension and a corresponding Chow functor. In characteristic zero, this functor agrees with the functors of Barlet, Guerra, Kollár and Suslin-Voevodsky when these are defined. There is also a monomorphism from Angéniol's functor to the Chow functor which is an isomorphism in many instances. It is also confirmed that the morphism from the Hilbert functor to the Chow functor is an isomorphism over the locus parameterizing normal subschemes and a local immersion over the locus parameterizing reduced subschemes — at least in characteristic zero. / QC 20100908