Part I Studies on methodology development of the syntheses of carboline derivatives using Bischler-Napieralski reaction and electror-eduction gave moderate yields. Carbolines were undergone Mannich reaction to give yohimbane alkaloids. We got oxidative carboline products using Bischler-Napieralski reaction. We got carbolines or dimmer by the reaction of electroreduction in different condition. Part II Phenylacetamides using Bischler-Napieralski reaction conditions with acetonitrile as a solvent, gave the 3-amino-isoquinolines. Various amides and various nitriles were undergone Bischler-Napieralski reaction conditions to give 3-aminoiso-quinoline products.

Application of free radical cyclization reaction toward the synthesis of amarylldaceae alkaloids was reported. Copper(I) chloride in tri-n-butyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile were used to proceed radical cyclization. Syntheses of amarylldaceae alkaloids were proceeded using the aforementioned method to give good yields.

It is probable that plants of the genus Sceletium (Mesembryanthemaceae) have been used as masticatories and for the relief of thirst and hunger, to combat fatigue, as medicines, and for social and spiritual purposes by San hunter-gatherers (historically referred to as Bushmen) and Khoi pastoralists (historically referred to as Hottentots) for millennia before the earliest written reports of the uses of these plants by European explorers and settlers. The oral-tradition knowledge of the uses of Sceletium by indigenous peoples has largely been eroded over the last three centuries due to conflicts with settlers, genocidal raids against the San, loss of land, the ravages of introduced diseases, and acculturation. Wild resources of Sceletium have also been severely diminished by over-harvesting, poor veld-management, and possibly also by plant diseases. Sceletium was reviewed almost a decade ago and new results have emerged substantiating some of the traditional uses of one of South Africa’s most coveted botanical assets, and suggesting dietary supplement, phytomedicine and new drug applications. This review aims to collate the fragmented information on past and present uses, the alkaloid chemistry and pharmacological evidence generated on Sceletium.

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