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The purpose of this manuscript was to present a brief history, the current status, and a prospectus of allergen and allergic reactions. Research on allergic reactions, particularly as viewed from the psychogenic position, was presented. The review strongly suggests that the psychogenic orientation has been frought with contradictions, unnecessarily complex interpretations, and an over-abundance of subjective, dynamic, and analytic redundancies which have done little more than perpetuate the stagnation of a rather important subdomain of the "mental" health professions.

Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbations may occur during air travel. Although the exact incidence of in-flight asthma and allergic emergencies is not known, we have concerns that this subject has not received the attention it warrants. There is a need to provide passengers at risk and airlines with the necessary measures to prevent and manage these emergencies. A review of the epidemiology, management and approaches to prevention of allergic and asthma emergencies during air travel is presented with the goal of increasing awareness about these important, potentially preventable medical events.

L’allergie est une pathologie touchant un très grand nombre de personnes à travers le monde en particulier dans les pays industrialisés. Actuellement seule l’éviction totale de l’allergène évite toute nouvelle réaction allergique. Jusqu’à présent différents types de tests ont été développés afin de déterminer le pouvoir allergisant d’un grand nombre de composés. Parmi ces tests certains font appel à l’utilisation de la voie animale. Cependant, dans le cadre de la législation sur les cosmétiques ces tests sont amenés à disparaître. Dans ce contexte il est nécessaire de développer des stratégies intégrées combinant à la fois des tests in silico, in chemico et in vitro. Ce travail de thèse propose d’analyser des données de réactivité issues de tests « in chemico » réalisés au laboratoire, et de les comparer avec des données biologiques issues de tests « in vitro » sur l’activation de la voie Keap1/Nrf2/ARE chez les lignées de cellules dendritiques de type THP-1 et MoDCs (INSERM UMR-996). Ainsi, la réactivité de 10 composés connus pour leur implication dans des réactions allergiques a été étudiée au cours de ce travail permettant d’apporter des éléments de réponse sur l’existence d’une corrélation entre la capacité d’une molécule à réagir avec une protéine, et donc à être sensibilisante, et le stress oxydant induisant la maturation des cellules dendritiques. / Contact dermatitis is one of the most common health problems and is highly prevalent in industrialized countries. Currently, only the total eviction of the allergen can prevent further allergic reactions. Since several years, different tests have been developed to determine the sensitization potential of a large number of compounds. Some of them are based on animal models. However, the cosmetic legislation now bans this kind of tests. In this context, the development of integrated strategies based on in silico, in chemico and on in vitro assays seems to be necessary. The aim of this PhD work is to compare reactivity data from in chemico tests realized at the laboratory, with biological data obtained from in vitro tests concerning the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway in THP-1 and MoDCs dendritic cells (INSERM UMR-996). The reactivity of 10 compounds known for their implication in allergic contact dermatitis has been studied to show if a correlation exists between the potential of sensitization of allergens and the oxidative stress inducing dendritic cells maturation.

Abstract There are eight foods that contribute to food allergies in the western world and peanut is the most common. Currently, there are no medical treatments that can cure an individual of food allergy, so avoidance of the allergic food is the only option. In the United States, there are three immunodominant allergic proteins accountable for patient sensitization to peanut, Arachis hypogea 1, 2, and 3 (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3). Therefore, research into why peanuts are more allergic than other foods that have homologous proteins is critical and may be obtained by studying the structural and allergenic properties of individual allergens and the changes that occur due to food processing. In this study, the basic and acidic subunits of Ara h 3 were cloned, expressed, and purified, and compared with each other and with the native Ara h 3 purified from peanut for differences in binding to IgE from peanut allergic individuals. Also, an in vitro Maillard reaction was performed on purified native raw Ara h 3 and patient serum IgE western blots were performed. This study concluded that an in vitro Maillard reaction enhanced IgE binding to Ara h 3, IgE binding to native Ara h 3 was in most cases higher than to the recombinant Ara h 3 subunits, and recognition of the acidic subunit was much higher than the and basic subunits in both the recombinant and native forms of the protein were investigated. Keywords:

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